In her 1978 PhD thesis, Sue Bulmer delineated a sequence of six pottery styles for the past 2000 years of Port Moresby prehistory. This aspect of her thesis became the standard reference for Port ...Moresby pottery for all Papuan researchers over the past 38 years. This paper considers the way in which Bulmer constructed this sequence from limited available data. A more recent analysis of another pottery sequence from the Bootless Bay site of Motupore now allows a rephrasing of the latter part of the Bulmer sequence (Styles III, IV, V and VI). These new data revise two accepted views: (1) that these styles were chronologically sequential; and (2) that these different styles reflected different Port Moresby manufacturing centres.
Résumé
Dans sa thèse de doctorat 1978, Sue Bulmer délimité une séquence de six styles de poterie pour les 2000 dernières années de Port Moresby préhistoire. Cet aspect de sa thèse est devenue la norme de référence pour Port Moresby poterie pour tous les chercheurs papous au cours des 38 dernières années. Cet papier examine la façon dont Bulmer construit cette séquence à partir des données limitées disponibles. Une analyse plus récente d'une autre séquence de poterie à partir du site Motupore de Bootless Baie de permet désormais une reformulation de la dernière partie de la séquence Bulmer (Styles III, IV, V et VI). Ces nouvelles données révisent deux vues acceptées: (1) que ces styles étaient chronologiquement séquentielles; et (2) que ces différents styles reflètent les différents centres de fabrication Port Moresby.
The hypoalgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) at 2 different frequencies was assessed under double-blind conditions using a standardised form of the submaximum effort ...tourniquet technique. For the purpose of pain induction, 32 healthy naive female subjects attended on 2 occasions, the first during which baseline data were obtained and the second during which the women were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 groups: Control, Placebo, TENS-1 (110 Hz) or TENS-2 (4 Hz). In the treatment groups, 2 hydrogel electrodes were positioned over Erb's point and lateral to C6 and C7 vertebral spines. A TENS machine was applied for 10 min before the cuff was inflated and remained on for the duration of the pain procedure (12 min). Pain was measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) to assess 'current pain intensity' and 'worst pain experienced', respectively. Analysis of VAS scores showed significant differences between groups (ANOVA, P = 0.02), with the TENS-2 group showing a greater hypoalgesic effect than the other groups. One-factor ANOVA showed no significant differences in MPQ scores between groups. The results of this study have provided evidence of the hypoalgesic effects of TENS upon experimental ischaemic pain which were found to be frequency specific with the lower frequency used here (4 Hz) demonstrating the only significant effect.
In her 1978 PhD thesis, Sue Bulmer delineated a sequence of six pottery
styles for the past 2000 years of Port Moresby prehistory. This aspect
of her thesis became the standard reference for Port ...Moresby pottery for
all Papuan researchers over the past 38 years. This paper considers the
way in which Bulmer constructed this sequence from limited available
data. A more recent analysis of another pottery sequence from the
Bootless Bay site of Motupore now allows a rephrasing of the latter part
of the Bulmer sequence (Styles III, IV, V and VI). These new data revise
two accepted views: (1) that these styles were chronologically
sequential; and (2) that these different styles reflected different Port
Moresby manufacturing centres. Dans sa thèse de doctorat 1978, Sue Bulmer délimité une séquence de six
styles de poterie pour les 2000 dernières années de Port Moresby
préhistoire. Cet aspect de sa thèse est devenue la norme de référence
pour Port Moresby poterie pour tous les chercheurs papous au cours des
38 dernières années. Cet papier examine la façon dont Bulmer construit
cette séquence à partir des données limitées disponibles. Une analyse
plus récente d'une autre séquence de poterie à partir du site Motupore
de Bootless Baie de permet désormais une reformulation de la dernière
partie de la séquence Bulmer (Styles III, IV, V et VI). Ces nouvelles
données révisent deux vues acceptées: (1) que ces styles étaient
chronologiquement séquentielles; et (2) que ces différents styles
reflètent les différents centres de fabrication Port Moresby.
Anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens, AMH) began spreading across Eurasia from Africa and adjacent Southwest Asia about 50,000–55,000 years ago (ca. 50–55 ka). Some have argued that human ...genetic, fossil, and archaeological data indicate one or more prior dispersals, possibly as early as 120 ka. A recently reported age estimate of 65 ka for Madjedbebe, an archaeological site in northern Sahul (Pleistocene Australia–New Guinea), if correct, offers what might be the strongest support yet presented for a pre–55-ka African AMH exodus. We review evidence for AMH arrival on an arc spanning South China through Sahul and then evaluate data from Madjedbebe.We find that an age estimate of >50 ka for this site is unlikely to be valid. While AMH may have moved far beyond Africa well before 50–55 ka, data from the region of interest offered in support of this idea are not compelling.
At least 50 species of birds are represented in 241 bird bones from five late Pleistocene and Holocene archaeological sites on New Ireland (Bismarck Archipelago, Papua New Guinea). The bones include ...only two of seabirds and none of migrant shorebirds or introduced species. Of the 50 species, at least 12 (petrel, hawk, megapode, quail, four rails, cockatoo, two owls, and crow) are not part of the current avifauna and have not been recorded previously from New Ireland. Larger samples of bones undoubtedly would indicate more extirpated species and refine the chronology of extinction. Humans have lived on New Ireland for ca. 35,000 years, whereas most of the identified bones are 15,000 to 6,000 years old. It is suspected that most or all of New Ireland's avian extinction was anthropogenic, but this suspicion remains undetermined. Our data show that significant prehistoric losses of birds, which are well documented on Pacific islands more remote than New Ireland, occurred also on large, high, mostly forested islands close to New Guinea.
This study explores how the careers of professional university graduates with a first- or second-generation non-Western migrant background evolve within the first four to eight years after ...graduation, as compared to their Dutch native peers. We find that in the first year after graduation, while holding constant background characteristics, both first- and second-generation migrants experienced lower employment chances, more skill mismatches and lower job satisfaction than natives. No wage differences could be observed between migrants and natives. Although the differences between first- and second-generation migrants appeared to be small in the short term, a follow-up survey four to eight years after graduation revealed evidence that second-generation - but not first-generation - migrants improved their situation overall. They maintained earnings parity with natives, and narrowed the gap in terms of job satisfaction, skill match, and to a somewhat lesser extent employment chances. Although the first generation eliminated the gap with respect to natives in terms of employment chances, they continued to show lower job satisfaction and opened up a wage gap as compared to their native Dutch peers. This suggests that early-career gaps for first-generation migrants are enduring and cannot easily be resolved.
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