The mangrove ecosystem harbors a complex microbial community that plays crucial role in biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we analyzed mangrove sediments from India using de novo whole metagenome ...next generation sequencing (NGS) and compared their taxonomic and functional community structures to mangrove metagenomics samples from Brazil and Saudi Arabia. The most abundant phyla in the mangroves of all three countries was Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. A total of 1,942 genes were found to be common across all the mangrove sediments from each of the three countries. The mangrove resistome consistently showed high resistance to fluoroquinolone and acriflavine. A comparative study of the mangrove resistome with other ecosystems shows a higher frequency of heavy metal resistance in mangrove and terrestrial samples. Ocean samples had a higher abundance of drug resistance genes with fluoroquinolone and methicillin resistance genes being as high as 28.178% ± 3.619 and 10.776% ± 1.823. Genes involved in cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance were higher in the mangrove (23.495% ± 4.701) and terrestrial (27.479% ± 4.605) ecosystems. Our comparative analysis of samples collected from a variety of habitats shows that genes involved in resistance to both heavy metals and antibiotics are ubiquitous, irrespective of the ecosystem examined.
The plane of surgery in colonic cancer has been linked to patient outcome although the optimal extent of mesenteric resection is still unclear. Surgeons in Erlangen, Germany, routinely perform ...complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) and report 5-year survivals of higher than 89%. We aimed to further investigate the importance of CME and CVL surgery for colonic cancer by comparison with a series of standard specimens.
The fresh photographs of 49 CME and CVL specimens from Erlangen and 40 standard specimens from Leeds, United Kingdom, for primary colonic adenocarcinoma were collected. Precise tissue morphometry and grading of the plane of surgery were performed before comparison to histopathologic variables.
CME and CVL surgery removed more tissue compared with standard surgery in terms of the distance between the tumor and the high vascular tie (median, 131 v 90 mm; P < .0001), the length of large bowel (median, 314 v 206 mm; P < .0001), and ileum removed (median, 83 v 63 mm; P = .003), and the area of mesentery (19,657 v 11,829 mm(2); P < .0001). In addition, CME and CVL surgery was associated with more mesocolic plane resections (92% v 40%; P < .0001) and a greater lymph node yield (median, 30 v 18; P < .0001).
Surgeons in Erlangen routinely practicing CME and CVL surgery remove more mesocolon and are more likely to resect in the mesocolic plane when compared with standard excisions. This, along with the associated greater lymph node yield, may partially explain the high 5-year survival rates reported in Erlangen.
Reproduksi merupakan proses dimana organisme memperbanyak diri yang tujuannya adalah mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup spesiesnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan reproduksi ...pada manusia. Studi ini merupakan penyusunan studi literatur yang dilakukan dengan penelusuran di Google dan Google Scholar yang menggunakan kata kunci Sperma, Fertilisasi dan Reproduksi Manusia. Dari hasil penelusuran dan pemahaman jurnal didapatkan artikel yang masuk kedalam kriteria inklusi, bahwa semakin meningkat kemajuan tentang penelitian yang mengaitkan dengan kata kunci fertilisasi, sperma dan juga reproduksi manusia. Terdapat juga faktor-faktor yang bisa mempengaruhi tingkat kesuburan, serta terdapat pula aplikasi yang dapat mendeteksi tingkat kesuburan sperma.
Resumo Estudos etnomusicológicos recentes sobre as flautas xinguanas revelam sistemas de extraordinária complexidade sociológica, simbólica e sonora, abrangendo poética musical, relações de gênero, ...ontologia política e agência cosmológica. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre suas identidades espirituais específicas e as implicações de tais identidades para a economia simbólica dos rituais musicais. O objetivo deste artigo é oferecer uma contribuição ao conhecimento do instrumentarium zoologica Amazonia a partir dos xamanismos musical e visionário-divinatório wauja. O objeto central da minha análise é um trio de flautas de madeira, feito em 1991 e ainda atuante, que tem o jaguar como identidade espiritual e cuja identificação decorre de processos xamânicos. Essa relação entre aerofones e jaguares aponta para o modelo teórico, recentemente proposto, da continuidade ontológica entre seres sobrenaturais e artefatos na Amazônia. Embora a organologia e a materialidade sejam importantes para o entendimento dessa relação, há, porém, um aspecto ainda pouco considerado por esse modelo: a visualidade. Este artigo propõe avançar a hipótese de que a atribuição de identidades espirituais aos aerofones tem uma relação direta com o modo como as transformações corporais são imaginadas pelos xamãs.
Abstract Recent ethnomusicological studies on Xinguano flutes reveal systems of extraordinary sociological, symbolic, and sonic complexity, encompassing musical poetics, gender relations, political ontology, and cosmological agency. However, little is known about their specific spiritual identities and their implications for the symbolic economy of musical rituals. This article aims to contribute to the knowledge of the instrumentarium zoologica Amazonia based on Wauja musical and visionary-divinatory shamanic knowledge and practices. The central object of this analysis is a trio of wooden flutes, made in 1991 and still active, which has the jaguar as spiritual identity and whose identification derives from shamanic processes. This relationship between aerophones and jaguars points to the recently proposed theoretical model of ontological continuity between supernatural beings and artifacts in Amazonia. Although organology and materiality are important for understanding this relationship, there is, however, an aspect still little considered by this model: visuality. This article proposes to enhance the hypothesis that the attribution of spiritual identities to aerophones directly relates to how shamans imagine bodily transformations.
Salted fish is one of the processed fish products with a fairly simple manufacturing process that is only by soaking or applying salt or saline solution and then dried under the sun's heat until the ...salt soaks and dries. In making salted fish, there are several ways that can cause the fish to be contaminated with heavy metals such as Lead (Pb). One of them is when drying fish placed on the side of the road, if the fish is consumed by humans can be harmful to human health.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pineapple juice on lead levels in sepat salted fish. The research method used in this study is the Experiment Laboratory with post test only control design. This study used an experimental method with a laboratory analysis method with a two-time repetition (duplo) technique. Pineapple juice is an independent variable and lead content in salted fish is the dependent variable. The results showed lead levels in salted fish after being treated with pineapple juice 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% had decreased lead levels in salted fish, this was due to the presence of citric acid content in pineapple levels of lead in salted fish The results showed the effect of pineapple juice on lead levels in sepat salted fish. Decreased levels of lead metals in salted fish sepat caused by a solution of citric acid contained in pineapple fruit extracts.
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•Novel traffic reinstatement and capacity restoration models for scour-damaged bridges.•Standardisation of damage per bridge component and functionality of scoured bridges.•High ...uncertainty in restoration task duration, dependencies and overlaps.•Duration of restoration tasks is twice the duration of functionality reinstatement.•Recovery models validated based on documented cases of scoured bridges.
Bridges are the most vulnerable assets of our transport networks. They are disproportionately exposed to and hit by multiple natural hazards, with flooding being the leading cause of bridge failures in the world. Their performance is constantly challenged by the combined effects of natural hazard stressors, e.g. flash floods, exacerbated by climate change, ageing, increasing traffic volumes and loads. Bridges are vulnerable to scour and other flood-related impacts, such as hydraulic forces and debris accumulation. In order to assess and quantify the resilience of flood-critical bridges and subsequently deploy bridge resilience models aiming at building resilience into transport networks, it is essential to use reliable fragility, capacity restoration and traffic reinstatement metrics and models. It is surprising that, despite the importance of bridges and their high vulnerability to hydraulic actions, there are no available recovery models. The latter can help quantify the pace of post-flood capacity and functionality gain for facilitating well-informed decision making for reliable prioritisation and efficient allocation of resources in transport networks. The main barrier is the nature and complexity of recovery actions, which encompass engineering, operational, owner resources and organisational challenges, among others. This paper, for the first time in the international literature, aims at filling this gap by generating a set of reliable recovery models that include both bridge reinstatement (traffic capacity) and restoration (structural capacity) models based on a detailed questionnaire that elicits knowledge from experts. Recovery models are then presented and validated for spread and deep foundations for a typical reinforced concrete bridge, including restoration task prioritisation and scheduling, inter-task dependencies, idle times, durations and cost ratios for different damage levels, as well as the evolution of traffic capacity after floods.
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are among the most frequent hematologic malignancies. Patients have a short survival and often progress to acute myeloid leukemia. The diagnosis of MDS can be ...difficult; there is a paucity of molecular markers, and the pathophysiology is largely unknown. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study investigating whether serum proteome profiling may serve as a noninvasive platform to discover novel molecular markers for MDS. We generated serum proteome profiles from 218 individuals by MS and identified a profile that distinguishes MDS from non-MDS cytopenias in a learning sample set. This profile was validated by testing its ability to predict MDS in a first independent validation set and a second, prospectively collected, independent validation set run 5 months apart. Accuracy was 80.5% in the first and 79.0% in the second validation set. Peptide mass fingerprinting and quadrupole TOF MS identified two differential proteins: CXC chemokine ligands 4 (CXCL4) and 7 (CXCL7), both of which had significantly decreased serum levels in MDS, as confirmed with independent antibody assays. Western blot analyses of platelet lysates for these two platelet-derived molecules revealed a lack of CXCL4 and CXCL7 in MDS. Subtype analyses revealed that these two proteins have decreased serum levels in advanced MDS, suggesting the possibility of a concerted disturbance of transcription or translation of these chemokines in advanced MDS.
Resumo Este artigo analisa as transformações históricas, visuais e cosmológicas de um raro ‘instrumento musical’ amazônico: o trocano, conhecido, respectivamente, como pulupulu e warayumia pelos ...Wauja e Kamayurá do alto Xingu. Historicamente produzido como um corpo artefatual da anaconda, esse ‘instrumento musical’ é central para a criação e a manutenção de um domínio de continuidade espaço-temporal entre o mundo dos espíritos aquáticos e a casa cerimonial da aldeia. Ausente da vida ritual xinguana por um período de 42 anos, o trocano foi feito, em 1998, pelos Kamayurá. Os Wauja, porém, não o fazem desde 1947. Embora entusiasmados com o retorno do trocano, os Wauja preferiram não incentivar a ideia de produzir, em sua própria aldeia, um objeto ritual tão poderoso e perigoso como esse. Pesava, então, sobre essa decisão o receio de não conseguirem alimentá-lo suficientemente. Esses fatos indicam duas coisas: que o trocano é, de fato, um objeto de ciclo ritual bastante longo e que modos mais sutis de embodiment dos poderes xamânicos da anaconda prevalecem no sistema de cultura material wauja. A principal hipótese desenvolvida neste artigo é que o trocano incorpora, por excelência, qualidades dos sistemas musical e gráfico, resultando, assim, em um hipercorpo de expressões sensoriais.
Abstract This article analyses the historical, visual, and cosmological transformations of a rare Amazonian ‘musical instrument,’ the giant wooden drum, known as pulupulu and warayumia by the Wauja and Kamayurá of the Upper Xingu, respectively. Historically produced as an embodiment of the anaconda, this ‘musical instrument’ is central to the creation and maintenance of a domain of space-time continuity between the spirits of the aquatic world and the village’s ceremonial house. The giant drum was absent from Xingu ritual life for 42 years, but returned when the Kamayurá made one in 1998. The Wauja, however, have not made one since 1947; although they were excited at the return of the pulupulu, the Wauja preferred a more cautious approach to introducing such a powerful object in their own village. Their main concern was that they would be unable to properly feed a pulupulu, and they ultimately decided against making one.These developments show two things: that the giant drum in fact has a long ritual cycle, and that more subtle ways of embodying the shamanic powers of the anaconda prevail in the Wauja system of material culture. The main hypothesis in this article is that the anaconda-drum is an excellent embodiment of musical and graphic qualities, and consequentlyresults in a “hyper-body” of sensorial expressions.
Floods are one of the most common natural hazards that substantially affect human lives and properties globally. Engineering is of key importance to cope with flood risk as it provides integrated ...solutions associated with hydrological–hydraulic and coastal-advanced techniques for analysing flooding risk, for designing flood infrastructures for direct protection, for providing natural retention measures that enhance environmental and river restoration, for developing flood warning systems, and for presenting integrated construction and non-construction measures in order to adapt to emerging climatic challenges and develop resilience under the modern city environment.This Special Issue highlights the current efforts being made to advance the science and applications in flood engineering and, more specifically, in a wide spectrum of its related geosciences, such as hydrology, hydraulics, sedimentation, and river restoration.
Understanding the ecological role of species with overlapping distributions is central to inform ecosystem management. Here we describe the diet, trophic level and habitat use of three sympatric ...stingrays, Hypanus guttatus, H. marianae and H. berthalutzae, through combined stomach content and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses. Our integrated approach revealed that H. guttatus is a mesopredator that feeds on a diverse diet of benthic and epibenthic marine and estuarine organisms, principally bivalve molluscs, Alpheus shrimp and teleost fishes. Isotopic data supported movement of this species between marine and estuarine environments. H. berthalutzae is also a marine generalist feeder, but feeds primarily on teleost fishes and cephalopods, and consequently occupies a higher trophic level. In contrast, H. marianae is a mesopredator specialized on shrimps and polychaetas occurring only in the marine environment and occupying a low niche breadth. While niche overlap occurred, the three stingrays utilized the same prey resources at different rates and occupied distinct trophic niches, potentially limiting competition for resources and promoting coexistence. These combined data demonstrate that these three mesopredators perform different ecological roles in the ecosystems they occupy, limiting functional redundancy.
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