Publikacijoje nagrinėjama socialinio charakterio problema, nurodoma jo struktūra ir funkcijos. Socialinis charakteris apibrėžiamas kaip esminis grupės narių daugumos charakterio struktūrinis ...branduolys, kurį suformavo šios grupės pagrindiniai potyriai ir bendras gyvenimo būdas. Nagrinėjama, kaip charakteris veikia individą ir visuomenę. Normalaus žmogaus charakterio subjektyvi funkcija – nukreipti elgesį praktiniu požiūriu būtina jam kryptimi, o veikloje – patirti psichologinį pasitenkimą. Socialinis charakteris internalizuoja išorines būtinybes ir tuo būdu pajungia žmogiškąją energiją konkrečiai ekonominei ir socialinei sistemai. Šeima yra psichologinis visuomenės atstovas. Nors charakterio vystymąsi formuoja pagrindinės gyvenimo sąlygos ir nors nėra biologiškai nekintančios žmogiškosios prigimties, ji turi savo dinamiką, kuri yra aktyvus veiksnys socialinio proceso evoliucijoje. Nurodomi E. Frommo ir S. Freudo socialinės psichologijos skirtumai. Apžvelgiamos žmogiškojo kultūros pagrindo interpretacijų trys kryptys – psichologistinė (S. Freudas), ekonomistinė (K. Marxas) ir idealistinė (M. Weberis) pozicijos.
After the completion of the revolution in 1920, Mexico quickly became an increasingly industrialized country. The vast changes that occurred in the first fifty years after the revolution inspired ...Erich Fromm and Michael Maccoby to find out how the Mexican people were adapting. The result, Social Character in a Mexican Village, provides a new approach to the analysis of social phenomena.The authors applied Fromm's theories of psychoanalysis to the study of groups. They devised an ingenious method of questionnaires, which, combined with direct observation, clearly revealed the psychic forces that motivated the peasant population. In his new introduction, Michael Maccoby thoroughly explains the basis of the study, how it originated, and how it was carried out. He goes on to delineate the results and determine their impact on the present day. Social Character in a Mexican Village throws new light on one of the world's most pressing problems, the impact of the industrialized world on the traditional character of the peasant. This ground-breaking work will be invaluable to the work of sociologists, anthropologists, and psychoanalysts.
Subterranean termites, Reticulitermes spp., were attracted to carbon dioxide (CO2) in laboratory and field tests. In behavioral bioassays, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), Reticulitermes tibialis ...Banks, and Reticulitermes virginicus Banks were attracted to CO2 concentrations between 5 and 50 mmol/mol. In further bioassays, R. tibialis and R. virginicus were attracted to the headspace from polyisocyanurate construction foam that contained 10–12 mmol/mol CO2. In soil bioassays in the laboratory, more termites foraged in chambers containing CO2-generating formulations than in unbaited control chambers. In field tests, stations containing CO2-generating baits attracted R. tibialis away from wooden fence posts at rangeland sites in Colorado. For all of the CO2 formulations tested, termites foraged in significantly more bait stations at treatment fenceposts than in bait stations at the control fenceposts. By the end of the 8-wk study, the number of bait stations located by termites at treatment fenceposts ranged from 40 to 90%. At control fenceposts, termites foraged in only a single station and the one positive station was not located by termites until week 5 of the study. At treatment fenceposts, termites foraged equally in active stations (containing a CO2-generating bait) and passive stations (with no CO2-generating bait), indicating that bait stations may benefit passively from a proximal CO2 source in the soil. CO2 used as an attractant in current baiting systems could improve their effectiveness by allowing earlier exposure of termites to an insecticide.
Since first reading Escape from Freedom in 2014,¹ I used it in the four iterations of my seminar, “Fascism, Vulnerability, and the Escape from Freedom,” where, combined with Paxton’s Anatomy, it ...formed the “dual-core processor” for the whole course. Over those years, 2015–19 — a time period that has seen a clear increase of both aspirations for democracy on every continent but also of authoritarian hijackings of democracy — I was watching to see if anyone out there was making use of Fromm’s writings as part of either their diagnosis or remedy for what ails democracy. Despite having sold more than
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