The characteristic layers of Croatian 16th-century music were formed by the mediaeval tradition of religious music in Latin, folk songs, Glagolitic chant, musical fragments in mystery plays and ...Renaissance forms of drama, popular urban songs with lute accompaniment, and professional musical forms of vocal polyphony and instrumental music. In tracing these specificities several aspects are discovered and discussed: the continuity of the existence of this music, the popular basis of musical culture, the corrections in the periodization (together with certain territorial ones) of early Croatian music, and the fullness of a relevant musical practice permeating every area of contemporary life. In this results of all relevant research are included, bringing an interdisciplinary synthesis originating from different areas: music itself, literature, theatre, visual arts, philosophy, and archival documentation.