Web Campaigning Foot, Kirsten A; Schneider, Steven M
2006, 20061006, 2006-10-06, 20060101
eBook
The use of the Web in U.S. political campaigns has developed dramatically over the course of the last several election seasons. In Web Campaigning, Kirsten Foot and Steven Schneider examine the ...evolution of campaigns' Web practices, based on hundreds of campaign Web sites produced by a range of political actors during the U.S. elections of 2000, 2002, and 2004. Their developmental analyses of how and why campaign organizations create specific online structures illuminates the reciprocal relationship between these production practices and the structures of both the campaign organization and the electoral arena. This practice-based approach and the focus on campaigns as Web producers make the book a significant methodological and theoretical contribution to both science and technology studies and political communication scholarship.Foot and Schneider explore the inherent tension between the desire of campaigns to maintain control over messages and resources and the generally decentralizing dynamic of Web-based communication. They analyze specific strategies by which campaigns mitigate this, examining the ways that the production techniques, coproducing Web content, online-offline convergence, and linking to other Web sites mediate the practices of informing, involving, connecting, and mobilizing supporters. Their conclusions about the past decade's trajectory of Web campaigning point the way to a political theory of technology and a technologically grounded theory of electoral politics.A digital installation available on the web illustrates core concepts discussed in the text of the book with examples drawn from archived campaign Web sites. Users have the opportunity to search these concepts in the context of fully operational campaign sites, recreating the Web experience of users during the election periods covered in the book.
Web Campaigning Foot, Kirsten A; Schneider, Steven M
2006, 20061006, 2006-10-06, 20060101
eBook
The use of the Web in U.S. political campaigns has developed dramatically over the course of the last several election seasons. In Web Campaigning, Kirsten Foot and Steven Schneider examine the ...evolution of campaigns' Web practices, based on hundreds of campaign Web sites produced by a range of political actors during the U.S. elections of 2000, 2002, and 2004. Their developmental analyses of how and why campaign organizations create specific online structures illuminates the reciprocal relationship between these production practices and the structures of both the campaign organization and the electoral arena. This practice-based approach and the focus on campaigns as Web producers make the book a significant methodological and theoretical contribution to both science and technology studies and political communication scholarship.Foot and Schneider explore the inherent tension between the desire of campaigns to maintain control over messages and resources and the generally decentralizing dynamic of Web-based communication. They analyze specific strategies by which campaigns mitigate this, examining the ways that the production techniques, coproducing Web content, online-offline convergence, and linking to other Web sites mediate the practices of informing, involving, connecting, and mobilizing supporters. Their conclusions about the past decade's trajectory of Web campaigning point the way to a political theory of technology and a technologically grounded theory of electoral politics.A digital installation available on the web illustrates core concepts discussed in the text of the book with examples drawn from archived campaign Web sites. Users have the opportunity to search these concepts in the context of fully operational campaign sites, recreating the Web experience of users during the election periods covered in the book.
The Web as an Object of Study Schneider, Steven M.; Foot, Kirsten A.
New media & society,
02/2004, Letnik:
6, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Discusses the WorldWide Web as ephemeral media, considering particularly the development of methods for investigating the social aspects of the Internet & Web. Three broad trends in Web studies are ...described: (1) discursive or rhetorical approaches focused mainly on content; (2) structural or feature approaches, which analyze the site's structure or characteristics of its pages; & (3) hyperlink-based approaches concerned with mediation between Web producers & between producers & users. The conclusion iterates the challenges of Web research & points to emergent & future directions. 48 References. K. Coddon
This study examines the nature of political action on and between election-oriented Web sites during the 2000 election season in the United States, based on Web materials and interviews with ...political Web producers. Our analysis focuses on 3 facets of online action: coproduction, carnival, and mobilization. We suggest these portend an evolution of political Communication, and we point to ways in which the 2000 political Web re-shaped the U.S. electoral process. Through this article we seek to contribute to the emerging literatures on Web studies in general and on the role of the Internet in electoral politics.
This study focuses on the extent to which U.S. campaigns are adapting traditional campaign strategies to the Web and/or developing innovative strategies that employ some of the particular affordances ...of Web technologies and on how well campaign characteristics, such as incumbency and major party affiliation, and/or race characteristics, such as statewide office and competitiveness, explain the level of a campaign's adaptation of or innovation with Web technologies. Adapting traditional campaigning proved to be far more common than developing innovative strategies. The findings suggest that additional aspects of campaigns' structure and organizational processes need to be studied in order to understand campaigns' Web technology adoption strategies.
From the perspective of a citizen-Web user, what forms of political action might the presidential campaign sites in 2000 have catalysed? This article explores the online structure - conceptualised as ...an electronic space within which an individual is given an opportunity to act - for political action engendered by presidential campaign Web sites in the 2000 U.S. election. The Web sites of the thirteen presidential campaigns that were active in the 2000 American election are surveyed and analysed. We find that the online structure facilitated both online and offline political action, and illustrate several dimensions of this phenomenon.
Web Campaigning Foot, Kirsten A; Schneider, Steven M
06/2019
eBook
The use of the Web in U.S. political campaigns has developed dramatically
over the course of the last several election seasons. In Web Campaigning, Kirsten
Foot and Steven Schneider examine the ...evolution of campaigns' Web practices, based
on hundreds of campaign Web sites produced by a range of political actors during the
U.S. elections of 2000, 2002, and 2004. Their developmental analyses of how and why
campaign organizations create specific online structures illuminates the reciprocal
relationship between these production practices and the structures of both the
campaign organization and the electoral arena. This practice-based approach and the
focus on campaigns as Web producers make the book a significant methodological and
theoretical contribution to both science and technology studies and political
communication scholarship.Foot and Schneider explore the inherent tension between
the desire of campaigns to maintain control over messages and resources and the
generally decentralizing dynamic of Web-based communication. They analyze specific
strategies by which campaigns mitigate this, examining the ways that the production
techniques, coproducing Web content, online-offline convergence, and linking to
other Web sites mediate the practices of informing, involving, connecting, and
mobilizing supporters. Their conclusions about the past decade's trajectory of Web
campaigning point the way to a political theory of technology and a technologically
grounded theory of electoral politics.A digital installation available on the web
illustrates core concepts discussed in the text of the book with examples drawn from
archived campaign Web sites. Users have the opportunity to search these concepts in
the context of fully operational campaign sites, recreating the Web experience of
users during the election periods covered in the book.
Web‐based memorializing is an emerging set of social practices mediated by computer networks, through which digital objects, structures, and spaces of commemoration are produced. Based on in‐depth ...analysis of eight Web sites produced to memorialize victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, we demonstrate that Web‐based memorializing bears a diverse array of characteristics, only some of which are consistent with offline memorializing. Our analysis suggests that although Web sites produced by institutions or organizations may differ somewhat in form and content from those produced by individuals, public and private modes of memorializing observed offline are interpenetrated on the Web. Finally, we identify communal functions served and contributions to public memory made via Web‐based memorializing, and propose a conceptual framework for use in future studies of Web‐based memorializing practices.
This article offers preliminary insights and a possible empirical model for managing the conceptual, methodological, and technological challenges entailed in developmental analysis of link‐mediated ...relations. We offer a “mid‐range” approach to making sense of linking practices, midway between close rhetorical/ethnographic analysis of links and large‐scale link mapping. We suggest that systematic human coding and interpretation of linked‐to producer types affords a more concrete and specific basis for hypothesizing about linking strategies than machine mapping, while providing a more robust attempt to generalize across the universe of candidate Web sites than ethnographic analysis. To illustrate this two‐pronged approach to link analysis, we examine the linking practices exhibited on Web sites produced by U.S. Congressional candidates during the 2002 campaign season, focusing on the extent and development of links from candidate Web sites to other types of political Web sites during the three months prior to the November, 2002 election.
The extent to which the Internet functioned as a medium of crisis communication following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks is studied. After discussing D. A. Fishman's (1999) identification ...of five central characteristics for crisis communication, contemporary literature that has addressed the communication function of Internet technology during times of crisis is reviewed. The content of Web sites produced by nine different categories of site producers, eg, various news organizations & government entities, between 11 Sept & 1 Dec 2001, was analyzed. The study revealed that such Web sites facilitated sundry online activities including providing information & support, permitting site viewers to express their feelings, & encouraging political activity. Additional findings measuring whether these Web sites possessed on-site or co-produced structures & the number of the nine categories of Web sites visited by Americans prior to & 6 weeks following the terrorist attacks are reported. The study's implications are also contemplated, eg, the Internet should be preserved as a primary network in the future since it was used to share information, provide assistance, & permit personal expression following the terrorist attacks. 3 Tables, 27 References. J. Parker
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