The paper first presents conceptual and textual motivations and then translation solutions that inform a new Slovene edition of Saussure's Cours de linguistique générale (1916). This scientific text ...not only influenced the main directions in modern linguistics, but affected analytical thought in all areas of the humanities and social sciences. In collaboration with the editorial team, Saša Jerele, the translator, paid particular attention to the analysis of terminological dichotomies, the core of Saussure's linguistic ideas. Following translation traditions, she considered the latest interpretations of this key text, which was condensed in the decade before the centennial of the original (2006-2016). The editor's and translator's reflections focus especially on the text's title as well as the elementary dialectics of theoretical relations between language (langue) and speech (parole), signifier and signified, synchrony and diachrony, and the crucial concepts of the linguistic sign and its arbitrariness.
Tous les contes de Diderot, et la plupart de ses romans, fonctionnent comme du théâtre latent. En outre, Diderot se lit comme un auteur qui a réussi à unir en sa personne le don de dire de la ...philosophie et celui de raconter des histoires. Il y a plus d'une voie pour un humaniste de parvenir à une interprétation du monde social. Certains textes de Diderot sont explicitement le fruit d'une réflexion philosophique, d'autres excellent en un artisme authentique – ce qui a valu à Diderot la réputation de l'un des écrivains les plus dialogiques du dix-huitième siècle européen. Les deux énergies créatrices se trouvent réunies dans ses courtes histoires, écrites entre 1768 et 1774. Ces textes s'entendent comme philosophiques parce qu'ils s'ouvrent sur des dilemmes éthiques fondamentaux: ils se destinent à donner la parole à l'individu quand celui-ci se trouve confronté à l'arbitraire de la loi ou à celui de l'opinion publique.
En d‘autres termes, l‘accentuation en tant que structure formatrice du discours, permet au receveur d‘élaborer au fur et à mesure sa propre stratégie de reconnaissance des intentions, bref, du sens ...pragmatique de ce qu‘il entend. En exécutant le découpage accentuel, le locuteur permet à son destinataire de s‘orienter dans la complexité du sens, impliquant les nuances argumentatives et intentionnelles. Cette perspective de la fonction discursive de l’accentuation redéfinit l’accent final français en lui attribuant la notion fonctionnelle d’accent orientatif.
V jedru usvajanja materinščine je dejstvo, da je usvojitveni jezikovni material akustičen, se pravi govor. Zvoka in zvena materinščine je otrok deležen že v prednatalnih razvojnih fazah, tako da po ...rojstvu v mimetičnih procesih samo še izostruje in z izkušnjami nadgrajuje že zasnovano jezikovno zmožnost in občutljivost. Nasprotno je izhodiščni material pri šolskem usvajanju tujega jezika praviloma pisne narave, zato govorne vsebine pouka tujega jezika pogosto izhajajo iz pisnih predlog in so velikokrat reducirane na ta odnos. Govor je v tujem jeziku praviloma nadgradnja predvsem branja, pozneje tudi pisanja. Takšno razmerje med pisavo in govorom je pogojeno z naravo tujejezičnega učnega procesa, v katerem je pisava, podobno kot sam učni postopek, nujno favorizirana kot intelektualno središče pridobivanja jezikovne kompetence.
The system of French accentuation is a relevant case of a language change, observable in a relatively short period of time in a stable synchrony. Since the mid-twentieth century, the formation of ...linguistic norms has largely depended on a specific type of utterance, media discourse, continually available in spoken audio-visual media. The impact of spoken media on the development of linguistic expression in the last few decades is unprecedented in language history. It is based on a communicational model in which speech is produced by a single speaker and instantly perceived by a multitude of receivers who have no possibility of intervening in the communicational process. Thus the receivers are passively exposed to an exclusive speaker and to language strategies conceived by the media and its linguistic authority.
The analysis of two professional spoken interventions, uttered on French television, shows an important modification of the traditional accentual system: conserving the final accent (FA), the speakers systematically introduce an initial accent (IA), a landmark in the evolution of the French language and its normative features. The IA affects the first syllable of a stressed lexeme or the first syllable of an extended accentual unit, regardless of the syntactic function of the stressed morpheme. The FA is operated by the intonational action, while the IA seems to be realized by an accentual augmentation of vocal intensity.
The automatism of lexical stressing is generating a systematic accentuation of the first syllable of the accentual unit. The IA mostly affects lexemes that speakers insist on because of their informative value (numerals, adverbs, proper names), but an important part of IA concerns different proclytics, such as deictic elements, articles and determinants. Accentual limitation of the unit on both sides is a specific feature of the speech in French audio-visual media. In recent decades it has found its echo in the normative speech of French linguistic communities.
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