Aggression and interpersonal violence (IV) against children and youth are issues in contemporary society. The current study reports on the youth athletes' perception of the aggression and IV ...prevalence and its manifestation forms in a Serbian context. The sample included athletes (
= 2091) between the age of 11 and 18 years. Data were collected through an ad-hoc questionnaire created by the authors. Respondents' answers to introductory questions about the frequency of IV indicated its absence (78.1%). However, the answers to the questions about specific forms of violent peer behavior indicated forms as well as the time and place where IV most often occurs. They underlined that IV takes place mainly after training or competition and during sports camps; and that the dressing room is the most favorable place for these behaviors. They also confirmed that the most prevalent subtypes of IV are psychological (roughly 40%) and physical (approximately 30%). The respondents' opinions and experiences about IV (psychological, physical, sexual) revealed that factors such as gender, location, and parents' education level may influence the IV manifestation. Highlighting the prevalence and the most frequently manifesting types of aggression and IV could help in awareness-raising of these social issues.
As a high priority for moving the sports industry forward, the sports market ecosystem requires the development of professional competencies and improving the entrepreneurship education of sports ...science students. During the last years, entrepreneurship has gained importance in the sports sector to maintain competitiveness. Thus, universities need to promote sports sciences students’ entrepreneurial competencies to improve employability. This research aimed to analyze the differences between first-year and fourth-year sports science students regarding the merit of professional competencies within entrepreneurship education. Both groups of students completed a set of tests presenting professional success factors. Cognitive abilities were measured with Intelligence Structure Battery (INSSV - Short Form, S2) and personality traits with Big Five Structure Inventory (BFSI, short-form, S1). Data were processed with confirmatory factor analysis and multigroup moderation analysis. The model showed acceptable fit indices (NFI=0.89, CFI=0.97, and RMSEA=0.08). The multigroup moderation analysis results indicated that the strongest effect on work aspects of the personality of the first-year sports science students comes from Conscientiousness (β=0.97), Openness (β=0.79), and Agreeableness (β=0.72). In contrast, this impact on fourth-year sports science students exists from Extraversion (β=0.85), Emotional stability (β=0.80), and Openness (β=0.80). On another side, an analysis of cognitive abilities revealed that the strongest effect was produced by numerical ability (β=0.94; β=0.84, respectively). The results demonstrated that sub-samples do not differ regarding the latent dimensions of human resources assessment. These results lead to necessary changes in the sports curriculum of the study program related to entrepreneurship education.
Strength training can improve myriad health parameters in elderly cohorts. Although potentially more appropriate for the elderly, low-load resistance training protocols have been less investigated. ...We aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of chair-based, low-load resistance training with elastic band (EBT) on functional fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women. One hundred sixty-eight women were allocated randomly to an elastic band resistance training (EBT, n = 86, 75.7 ± 8.9 years, 71.3 ± 12.2 kg) or a control group (CON, n = 82, 74.5 ± 8.2years, 70.6 ± 12.0 kg). RT protocol consisted of periodized chair-based, low-load whole-body resistance exercises (2 sets, 12-15 repetitions, 40-60% of one repetition maximum-1RM) using an elastic band, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The resistance training program was generally designed to maintain internal load over time, provided with increasing intensity using various elastic bands (Thera-Band). Functional fitness (30-s Chair Stand,30-s Arm Curl, 2-min Step Test, Chair Sit-and-Reach, Back Scratch, 8-Foot Up-and-Go, Handgrip Strength) and metabolic markers (Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high (HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the training period. To detect pre/post intervention changes and between group- differences 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Significant improvements over time for all fitness variables for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 12.78,
< 0.05 for 30-s Chair Stand; F = 14.04,
< 0.05 for 30-s Arm Curl; F = 5.18,
< 0.05 for 2-min Step Test; F = 10.90,
< 0.05 for Chair Sit-and-Reach; F = 16.57,
< 0.05 for Back Scratch; F = 11.79,
< 0.05 for 8-foot Up-and-Go; and F = 29.25,
< 0.05 for Handgrip Strength). In addition, significant improvements over time for all but one (triglycerides) biomarkers for EBT comparing to CON were obtained (F = 7.30,
< 0.05 for blood sugar levels; F = 13.36,
< 0.05 for total cholesterol; F = 8.61,
< 0.05 for HDL; and F = 11.53,
< 0.05 for LDL). Furthermore, the participants' adherence to training sessions of over 90% was reported. In conclusion, 12 weeks of EBT is safe and beneficial for improving health-related fitness and metabolic biomarkers in older women and seems to be viable model to ensure a high training adherence rate.
The emergence of coronavirus in Serbia as well as in other European countries led to the declaration of a state of emergency, which, among other measures, included a switch to online education, the ...lockdown of public life and organized sports, and a curfew from 5 pm to 5 am. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which these measures affected children's daily routines. More specifically, it aimed to determine how children maintained their learning, physical activity, and screen time routines from the period before the state of emergency was declared.
Response to an online parent-reported questionnaire was conducted (
= 450). The factorial validity of the scales was prepared using confirmatory factor analysis, with acceptable fit indices. Based on that, the authors tested the interrelations between dimensions using structural equation modeling in SPSS, AMOS 24.0.
The study results indicate a positive relationship between school achievement and study time (
= 0.25). They also indicate that children who were physically active before the pandemic continued their activities during the emergency state (
= 0.53). Physical activity impact during the COVID-19 emergency measures reduces children's behavior changes (
= 0.55). Finally, they highlight that children who spent more time with multimedia content had greater changes in anxiety, sensitivity, nervousness, and worry due to COVID-19 emergency measures (
= -0.38).
Healthy lifestyle habits formed in childhood are suggested to be responsible for the greater "resistance to change" shown by the children from this study.
The paper contains the results of the field research that the authors used in order to determine the existence and manifesting forms of peer pressure in youth sports. The sample consists of young ...people aged 11 to 18, who practice sport (N=536). The research was conducted in the second half of 2019 in the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The research results indicate that there are various forms of aggressive and violent behavior among youth, among which psychological violence predominates. The most common place for violence is the dressing room, after training or a competition. In terms of age, high-school-age children report higher level of violence victimization compared to older primary school children. The research results testify to the fact that sport shares “the fate” of the society in which it exists and that policy makers in youth sports should take into consideration this social phenomenon as well.
On a sample of 72 girls from high school „Svetozar Miletic“ from Novi Sad, age 18 ± 6 months divided into two groups: physically active (at least 30 minutes of daily physical activities of moderate ...intensity) and insufficiently physically active (below average) was performed a research of transversal character with intent to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities. The study applied 13 variables, five morphological (body height, body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, m muscle mass percentage) and 8 motorically (flamingo balance test, hand tapping, sit and reach, standing broad jump, from lying to sitting position for 30 seconds, bent arm hang, shuttle run 10x5 m and endurance shuttle run). Obtained results of multivariate analysis (MANOVA) indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the variables in morphological characteristics at level of p = .02 and motoric abilities at the level of p = .00, while univariate analysis (ANOVA) indicates, that in morphological characteristics there are only differences in the percentage of muscle mass, at the level of p = .006, while in motor abilities difference was determined in all variables.
This study presents the results of empirical research conducted with the aim of analyzing differences in the physical activity of children in relation to the socio-economic characteristics of their ...families. The research was conducted by applying a questionnaire distributed to pupils aged 11-12 years, who live in the city of Novi Sad (the city and the village of Rumenka, Veternik, Kac, Bukovac, Futog). Bearing in mind that the work is a part of a broader research, the authors’ attention was focused on the objective, and the evaluation of the respondents on the socioeconomic status of the family, as well as differences in physical activity among boys and girls, and children who live in urban or rural setting. As dominant in this study stands out the finding of the author that the socioeconomic characteristics of families significantly affect the intensity, form and quality of physical activity of children. Since such a finding puts children living in families with low socioeconomic status into a disadvantaged position, the authors believe that with the findings of this and compatible researches it is needed to familiarize with the wider academic community, in order to include other social institutions in the process of affirmation of physical activity as an important lifestyle quality in children and youth.
In this paper we discuss the results obtained after ESD voltage was stress applied to 4H–Silicon Carbide (4H–SiC) Schottky diodes. The Human Body Model (HBM) ESD voltage peaks of 3, 5 and 6 kV were ...applied to the cathode and anode separately and it was found that the diodes subjected to the cathode stress suffered greater degradation then the ones subjected to the anode stress. The recovery of the
I–
V characteristics after the stress was observed in the case of diodes subjected to the anode stress. Diode degradations were studied by
I–
V and low frequency (LF) noise measurements. Optical and electron microscopy inspection revealed the location of the degraded regions. The results of degradation are discussed using the equivalent electrical circuit of degraded diodes.
Large area commercial Al/n-Si Schottky diodes were subjected to an electrical cycling stress in order to cause degradation of diodes with local contact irregularities. Using the
I–
V characteristics ...and noise measurements in the frequency range of 10
Hz to 10
kHz at room temperature and using the corresponding equivalent circuit representation of degraded diodes, it has been shown that the latent leakage paths contribute to the degradation of the Schottky diodes under the test conditions. The results could be used to confirm that the ideality factor cannot be alone used as prediction tool of diode behavior under electrical cycling stress. The conclusion of this paper is that the results show that this kind of the stress test can be used as a screening test for diodes with latent leakage current paths.
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