In many cases the borders driven by the Trianon Peace Treaty have cut villages from their properties, sometimes even the land properties were divided by the borders. The owners of these shared lands ...and the owners of those properties, which were divided by the borderline from their residency, were called double owners in the interwar period. Long-term regulation of the issue of double owners was in 1926 when the trade treaty was signed between Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. This treaty in its appendix regulated the border crossing, rights and duties of double owners until May 1932. However, after that date the issue caused serious difficulties since Yugoslavia wanted to abolish the institution of double ownership. The frictions reached a level that Hungary finally decided to ask the League of Nations' help. According to the decision of Genève the two concerned states had to conduct bilateral negotiations in order to solve the matter. As the result of these negotiations an agreement was signed that strengthened the Hungarian position and kept the institution of double owners. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
In many cases the borders driven by the Trianon Peace Treaty have cut villages from their properties, sometimes even the land properties were divided by the borders. The owners of these shared lands ...and the owners of those properties, which were divided by the borderline from their residency, were called double owners in the interwar period. Long-term regulation of the issue of double owners was in 1926 when the trade treaty was signed between Hungary and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians. This treaty in its appendix regulated the border crossing, rights and duties of double owners until May 1932. However, after that date the issue caused serious difficulties since Yugoslavia wanted to abolish the institution of double ownership. The frictions reached a level that Hungary finally decided to ask the League of Nations' help. According to the decision of Genève the two concerned states had to conduct bilateral negotiations in order to solve the matter. As the result of these negotiations an agreement was signed that strengthened the Hungarian position and kept the institution of double owners. // ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Die Grenzlinien, die durch den Friedensvertrag von Trianon gezogen wurden, haben in vielen Fällen Gemeinden von ihrem Landbesitz abgetrennt; fallweise wurde der Landbesitz sogar zerstückelt. Dieser von der Grenzlinie durchschnittene Landbesitz wurde in der Zwischenkriegszeit Doppelbesitz genannt. Analog wurden die Landbesitzer, deren Grundbesitz durch die Trianoner Grenzlinie von ihrem Wohnort abgetrennt wurde, in jenen Jahren zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen als Doppelbesitzer bezeichnet. Die langfristige Regelung zwis chen Ungarn und dem Königreich der Serben, Kroaten und Slowenen erfolgte erst im Jahre 1926, als eine Anlage des abgeschlossenen Handelsvertrages bis Mai 1932 die Rechte und Verpflichtungen der Doppelbesitzer regelte. Diese Frage bewirkte aber ernsthafte Komplikationen, da Jugoslawien die Institution des Doppelbesitzes abschaffen wollte. Die Auseinandersetzung zwischen den zwei Staaten entartete in einem Maße, dass sich Ungarn schließlich mit seiner Beschwerde an den Völkerbund wandte. Im Sinne des Genfer Beschlusses mussten die zwei Staaten direkte Verhandlungen führen, um die Streitfragen zu beseitigen. Das Abkommen, das am 21. Juli 1934 in Belgrad unterzeichnet wurde, verstärkte die Position der ungarischen Seite, so wurde die Institution des Doppelbesitzes aufrechterhalten.
The paper offers an insight into an emerging phenomenon of spatial mobility in EU internal border areas. The term "cross-border residential mobility" (CBRM) is suggested for this phenomenon. The ...phenomenon being studied, which has arisen under the momentum of European integration processes also in the Italian-Slovenian borderland, involves the movements of people who decide to buy real estate and move to the other side of the border, while maintaining at the same time strong relations with their place of origin. CBRM in this instance is the result of the suburbanization of Trieste, that is the progressive expansion of the urban fabric towards the rural territory of the Slovenian Karst; this has produced some concern in Slovenian public opinion. After an attempt to provide a theoretical framework for CBRM, the author presents the results of a survey carried out among 126 Italian citizens who have moved to the Slovenian Karst. The analysis of these empirical data allows us to obtain knowledge about a scarcely studied phenomenon and to verify the congruencies with the suggested theoretical framework. // ABSTRACT IN ITALIAN: Mobilità residenziale transfrontaliera nel contesto dell'Unione europea: il caso del confine italo-sloveno. Il contributo prende in esame un emergente fenomeno di mobilità spaziale nelle aree di confine interne dell'UE, per la denominazione del quale si propone l'espressione "mobilità residenziale transfrontaliera" (MRT). Il fenomeno studiato, apparso sotto la spinta dei processi di integrazione europea anche nell'area italo-slovena, si riferisce ai movimenti prodotti da persone che decidono di acquistare casa e trasferirsi oltre confine, pur mantenendo costanti relazioni con il contesto di origine. La MRT è il risultato della suburbanizzazione di Trieste, processo che implica la dilatazione della città verso il territorio rurale del Carso sloveno, fintanto da generare un diffuso allarmismo nell'opinione pubblica slovena. In seguito al tentativo di fornire alla MRT una cornice teorica, l'autore presenta i risultati di un'indagine svolta tra 126 cittadini italiani trasferitisi sul Carso sloveno. L'analisi dei dati empirici permette di ampliare le conoscenze su un fenomeno ancora poco esplorato, oltre che di verificare le congruenze con i riferimenti teorici individuati.
The paper offers an insight into an emerging phenomenon of spatial mobility in EU internal border areas. The term "cross-border residential mobility" (CBRM) is suggested for this phenomenon. The ...phenomenon being studied, which has arisen under the momentum of European integration processes also in the Italian-Slovenian borderland, involves the movements of people who decide to buy real estate and move to the other side of the border, while maintaining at the same time strong relations with their place of origin. CBRM in this instance is the result of the suburbanization of Trieste, that is the progressive expansion of the urban fabric towards the rural territory of the Slovenian Karst; this has produced some concern in Slovenian public opinion. After an attempt to provide a theoretical framework for CBRM, the author presents the results of a survey carried out among 126 Italian citizens who have moved to the Slovenian Karst. The analysis of these empirical data allows us to obtain knowledge about a scarcely studied phenomenon and to verify the congruencies with the suggested theoretical framework. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The article describes the way in which the Italian authors of the beginning of ther 20th C. represented the 'Slavs', i.e., Slovenes and Croats, who inhabited the region of Istria. The aim is to ...reconstruct the terminological system used by them as well as the main features of the 'Slavic' identity which emerges from the texts analysed. It seems that, whatever the political views of an author, the 'Slavs' used to be perceived as newly arrived persons in the public life of the Istrian towns of the littoral, towns mostly inhabited by the Italians. Such persons were considered dangerous from the perspective of any eventual change in the political borders of the region. According to the texts on the personal level 'Slavs' were very traditional with respect to religious issues. They were rather exotic, being the owners of particular and inexplicable souls. They were also treated as members of an inferior civilisation that was penetrated by Italian influences. However, the vision of the authors cannot be classified as a colonial one. It is rather another model of discourse, defined here as a discourse on 'Incomers'. It seems that this model may explain the characteristics of some journalistic visions present in the contemporary press. // ABSTRACT IN ITALIAN: L'articolo illustra il modo in cui negli scritti di autori italiani dell'inizio del Novecento vengono rappresentati gli 'slavi', ossia gli sloveni e i croati che vivono in Istria. Nell'articolo si cerca in particolare di ricostruire il sistema terminologico usato nonché i tratti principali dell'identità dello 'slavo' che emergono dai testi analizzati. Sembra che, nonostante le diverse opinioni politiche degli autori, uno slavo venga percepito come un nuovo arrivato nella vita pubblica delle città istriane della costa, prevalentemente abitate da italiani. Esso è pertanto ritenuto pericoloso nella prospettiva di un eventuale cambiamento di appartenenza politica della regione. A livello personale, dai testi emerge la figura di uno 'slavo' per un verso molto tradizionalista in questioni confessionali, per un altro verso invece un po' esotico, in quanto dotato di un'anima particolare e inafferrabile. Esso è anche considerato come appartenente a una civiltà inferiore, permeata da influenze italiane. Tuttavia la visione degli autori non può essere classificata come coloniale. Si tratta piuttosto di un altro modello di rappresentazione, definito nel presente contributo come discorso sul Nuovo Arrivato. Si ipotizza che questo modello spieghi le particolarità di alcune rappresentazioni giornalistiche piuttosto diffuse oggi.
Bilingual topographical signs and the issue of a positive attitude towards the Slovenian language in the southern Austrian province of Carinthia have been the subjects of a longstanding public ...debate. Through interviews with 'ordinary' Carinthian Slovenes, people who are outside the public eye but who, nevertheless, are directly affected by the highly charged atmosphere of the language conflict within which their daily lives take place, this article will address the process of the transformation of language-related values in Carinthia within the community of Carinthian Slovenes from 1972 to the present. The author attempts to ascertain the importance of the symbolic merit of bilingual topographical signs in helping to preserve language and identity, while trying to assess whether a significant increase in the value of the Slovenian language amongst the broader population has occurred. It will also evaluate the role of the so-called Consensus Group for Carinthia in the processes involved. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Bilingual topographical signs and the issue of a positive attitude towards the Slovenian language in the southern Austrian province of Carinthia have been the subjects of a longstanding public ...debate. Through interviews with 'ordinary' Carinthian Slovenes, people who are outside the public eye but who, nevertheless, are directly affected by the highly charged atmosphere of the language conflict within which their daily lives take place, this article will address the process of the transformation of language-related values in Carinthia within the community of Carinthian Slovenes from 1972 to the present. The author attempts to ascertain the importance of the symbolic merit of bilingual topographical signs in helping to preserve language and identity, while trying to assess whether a significant increase in the value of the Slovenian language amongst the broader population has occurred. It will also evaluate the role of the so-called Consensus Group for Carinthia in the processes involved. // ABSTRACT IN GERMAN: Zweisprachige topographische Aufschriften und die Akzeptanz der slowenischen Sprache in Kärnten sind Gegenstand langjähriger Diskussionen. Auf der Grundlage von Interviews mit öffentlich weniger beachteten Kärntner SlowenInnen, die jedoch unmittelbar in das sprachliche Spannungsfeld in Kärnten eingespannt sind und dort ihren Alltag bewältigen müssen, versucht die Autorin folgende Fragen zu beantworten: Wie bewerten Kärntner SlowenInnen den Prozess eines Wertewandels im Hinblick auf die slowenische Sprache in Kärnten in den Jahren 1972 bis heute? Was bedeutet ihnen die Symbolik zweisprachiger Aufschriften in Bezug auf den Erhalt ihrer Sprache und Identität? Wird die slowenische Sprache in Kärnten heute mehr geschätzt als in der Vergangenheit? Welche Rolle spielt dabei die so genannte 'Kärntner Konsensgruppe'?
