Using a CFD simulation in the development of internal combustion engines, with 1-D approach, can significantly reduce the time and costs associated with experiments and prototyping. With commercial ...software we can use 1-D computational models to optimize the parameters of manufactured engines and observe hardly measurable values. This article describes the basic principle of creating and calibration of computational model.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Prezident T. G. Masaryk navštívil IV. mezinárodní leteckou výstavu v Průmyslovém paláci na Výstavišti v Praze, prochází expozice ...jednotlivých domácích i zahraničních firem, které vystavují kromě letadel samostatně i letecké motory. Prezidenta doprovázejí významní politici, vojenští představitelé a osobnosti hospodářského života - například prof. Vladimír Brdlík, Bohumír Bradáč, Přemysl Šámal a generálové Silvestr Bláha a Stanislav Čeček. Závěr filmu je věnován soutěži v balonovém létání, která v rámci IV. mezinárodní letecké výstavy proběhla na Letenské pláni v Praze. V několika záběrech vidíme plnění balonu plynem, posádku nastupující do koše a úspěšný start balonu.- President T. G. Masaryk visits the Fourth International Aviation Exhibition in the Industrial Palace (Průmyslový palác) at the Prague Exhibition Grounds (Výstavistě) in Prague. He walks through the exhibits of domestic and foreign aviation companies, which have airplanes as well as aircraft engines on display. The president is accompanied by prominent politicians, military representatives, and business people: for example, professor Vladimír Brdlík, Bohumír Bradáč, Přemysl Šámal and generals Silvestr Bláha and Stanislav Čeček. The last part of the film features a gas balloon competition that took place on Letna field (Letenská pláň) in Prague as part of the Fourth International Aviation Exhibition. A series of shots depicts a balloon being filled with gas, the crew getting into the basket, and the successful launch of the balloon.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
From 1945 to 1989, the Automobilové závody, n.p. (Automotive Plant, a national enterprise), in Mladá Boleslav, manufactured one of the best-known brands of motor car in the Eastern Bloc, the Škoda. ...This article focuses on the process of planning and manufacturing a change in models in the Czechoslovak automotive industry between 1968 and 1990. It is widely known how the launch of a new model of car represents a key step for every car manufacturer in most parts of the globe. In Czechoslovakia under Communist rule, however, passing from one model to another entailed grotesque, almost insuperable, difficulties, and it can therefore be seen as a textbook example of the complications of the innovation process in a centrally planned economy. The article draws not only on documentation available in company archives but also on the records of the Czechoslovak secret police, the State Security services.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Pohled na žižkovskou, smíchovskou a holešovickou plynárnu. Slavnostní zahájení stavby plynárny v Michli za přítomnosti primátora ...Karla Baxy a dalších hostů. Předseda správní rady F. Titěra provádí slavnostní výkop. Záběry staveniště v létě 1925, na jaře a na podzim 1926 a v zimě 1927, které dokládají postup stavby (základy,montáž plynojemu, visuté dráhy a jeřábů...). Slavnostní otevření plynárny, její převzetí primátorem a prohlídka za účasti významných hostů 19. května 1927. Scény ze zrušených pražských plynáren v Holešovicích a na Žižkově: doprava uhlí a jeho drcení, prodej koksu. Popis výroby plynu v moderní michelské plynárně. Seznámení skontrolním a sociálním zařízením: laboratoř, dílny, kanceláře, telefonní centrála, kuchyň, jídelna, umývárna.- A view of the Žižkov, Smíchov and Holešovice Gasworks. Ceremonial kick off of the construction of gasworks in Michle, Prague, with the presence of the Mayor of the City, Karel Baxa, and other guests. The Chairman of the Board of trustees, F. Titěra, is making a ceremony kick off. Shots showing the building site in the summer of 1925, in the spring and autumn of 1926, and in the winter of 1927. The shots are documenting the construction process (foundations, assembly of a gasholder, suspended railway and cranes...). Ceremony opening of the gasworks, its take over made by the Mayor, and a tour of the gasworks attended by important guests on 19th May 1927. Scenes from the cancelled Prague gasworks in Holešovice and in Žižkov: transportation of coal and its crushing, sale of coke. Description of gas production in the new modern gasworks in Michle. Introduction of the new control and social facilities: laboratory, workshops, offices, the new telephone exchange, kitchen, canteen, wash room.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Product liability system in healthcare Marn, Mitja
Bilten : ekonomika, organizacija, informatika v zdravstvu,
1/2012, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Članek obravnava problematiko odgovornosti za škodo, ki nastane kot posledica napake izdelka in povzroči smrt, telesno poškodbo ali okvari bolnikovo zdravje. Hiter razvoj znanosti je tudi v medicini ...omogočil razvoj novih izdelkov in tehnologij, ki vzbujajo pri bolnikih velika pričakovanja po bolj učinkovitem zdravljenju. Vendar pa nove tehnologije s seboj prinašajo tudi tveganje za nastanek poškodb zaradi morebitnih napak. Standardi kakovosti in varnosti izdelkom slabe kakovosti sicer preprečujejo dostop na trg, vendar pa t. i. varnostne norme ne morejo preprečiti napak in nevarnosti, ki jih zaradi omejenosti znanja ne moremo predvideti. Zato do poškodb in z njimi povezanih stroškov kljub vsemu prihaja. V prispevku natančno opredeljujemo, kdo naj nosi nepredvidljive stroške: bolnišnica, proizvajalec, bolnik ali preko socializacije tveganja družba kot celota. Gre za zapleten sistem ekonomske razporeditve tveganja poškodb, ki skuša uravnovesiti željo po učinkovitosti ob upoštevanju nepredvidljivih nevarnosti izdelka. Opredeljujemo pojme, ki so ključni za razumevanje problematike: proizvajalec, potrošnik, bolnik, izdelek in napaka. Največ pozornosti namenjamo sistemu odgovornosti za škodo, ki ga uvaja Direktiva Sveta Evropske Unije 85/374 o odgovornosti za brezhibnost izdelka. Direktiva uvaja sistem, ki ob sprejemu pravil v nacionalno zakonodajo dopušča pravnopolitične prilagoditve. V prispevku analiziramo sistem razporeditve škode in ga skušamo orisati s ključnimi primeri iz prakse sodišč Evropske unije.
This article deals with the issue of liability for damages caused by product defectiveness resulting in death, physical injury, or failure in patient health. The rapid development of science has led to the development of new products and technologies in medicine, which resulted in higher expectations from patients for more effective treatments. However, new technologies engender higher risk of injuries arising from errors in new technologies. While standards for quality and safety can prevent products of poor quality from appearing on the market, the same safety standards cannot prevent defects and hazards that cannot be foreseen due to the limitations of human knowledge. Despite this, injuries and the subsequent medical costs continue to occur. This article specifies which party will bear the cost for such contingencies, whether it will be the hospital, the manufacturer, the patient, or society as a whole through socialisation of risk. It is a complex system of economic distribution of the risk of injury, which seeks to balance the desire for efficiency by considering the unpredictable hazards of a product. Key concepts are identified for understanding the problem: manufacturer, consumer, patient, product and defect. The emphasis is on the system of liability for damages established by Council Directive 85/374/EEC of the Council of the European Union concerning liability for defective products. The Directive introduces a system, which allows legal and political adjustments when integrated into the national legislation. This paper analyses a system of damage distribution with key examples from the practice of European Union courts shaped upon the disputed areas.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Original language summary:
Významné události, které se odehrály roku 1955 v Československu. 11. Února 1955 proběhl vůbec první ...televizní přenos - utkání Praha - Leksand mezi českými a švédskými hokejisty. Byla uspořádána první Spartakiáda – hromadné vystoupení cvičenců demonstrující jednotu a oddanost lidu komunistickému režimu. Byla zahájena výroba populárního automobilu Škoda 440, lidově nazývaného Spartak. Pořad obsahuje množství dobových filmových ukázek a rozhovory s pamětníky či odborníky.- Significant events of the year 1955 in Czechoslovakia. On 11 February 1955 there was held the first ever live television broadcast - the match Praha - Leksand between Czech and Swedish ice-hockey players. The first Spartakiad was held - public performances of gymnasts demonstrating unity and commitment of the people to the communist regime. Production of the popular Skoda 440, popularly called Spartak, started. The programme contains a number of historical film clips and interviews with contemporary witnesses or experts.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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