Diabetes mellitus postihuje přibližně 4 % žen, u kterých v průběhu života dochází k interakci diabetu, jeho léčby a přirozených změn pohlavních hormonů (dětství, puberta, reprodukční období, ...gravidita, klimakterium). Přehledový článek shrnuje dosud publikovanou literaturu ke vzájemnému vztahu diabetu a pohlavního vývoje u žen. Klíčová slova: diabetes mellitus – gestace – hormonální kontracepce – hyperandrogenizmus – menopauza – pohlavní hormony – puberta
Approximately 4 % of female population suffers from diabetes. A permanent interaction between diabetes, its treatment and sex hormonal changes (childhood, puberty, reproduction, pregnancy, menopause) occurs in those women. This review article summarizes up to date published studies concerning reciprocal relationship between diabetes and sexual development in women. Key words: diabetes mellitus – gestation – hormonal contraceptive – hyperandrogenism – menopause – puberty – sex hormones
Ludmila Brunerová, Jan Brož
INTRODUCTION: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births - M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess ...female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. METHODS: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. RESULTS: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. DISCUSSION: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination.
V. Grech
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder characterized by recurrent, stereotypic episodes of nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms, separated by intervals of comparative wellness. These episodes ...carry on for hours or days. The patient is healthy between the episodes and has no clinical finding. For the treatment of the CVS, antiemetic, antimigraine and sedative medications were used. However, in some cases CVS treatment is very difficult. We report about a young patient, who did not respond to many agents, but was succesfully treated with chlorpomazine.
H. H. Ozdemir, S. Bulut, M. S. Berilgen, O. Kapan, M. Balduz, C. F. Demir
Vezikovaginální píštěle jsou nejčastějším typem píštěle v močopohlavních cestách. U žen v rozvojových zemích obvykle k této komplikaci dochází následkem komplikovaného porodu, v západním světě se ...často jedná o důsledek gynekologické operace. V tomto článku popisujeme operační techniku, kterou užíváme v našem centru při léčbě vezikovaginální píštěle, a hodnotíme nejdůležitější aspekty tohoto výkonu. Speciální pozornost věnujeme následujícím tématům: načasování operace, roli interpozice laloku, volbě techniky (extravezikální vs transvezikální) a benefitům robotické operace a operace jedním portem.
Vesicovaginal fistulae are the most common type of genitourinary fistula, for obstructed labour in developing countries or as a consequence of gynaecological surgery in developed nations. The purpose of this work is to describe the surgical technique adopted in our centre for operating vesicovaginal fistulas; then we have analysed the most important aspects of this surgery, with particular attention to some aspects as timing, role of interposition flaps, extravesical and transvesical technique and advantages of robotic and single‑site surgery. Key words: vesicovaginal fistula, extravesical and transvesical interposition flap, robotic and laparoscopic surgery
Marson F., Wadhwa H., Kocjancic E.
Nárůst počtu sociálně vyloučených osob v naší společnosti podtrhuje potřebu poskytování specifické zdravotní péče. Pacienti z této sociální vrstvy vyžadují komplexní zdravotně-sociální péči ve větší ...míře než pacienti z ostatních vrstev. Zdravotně-sociální péče o sociálně vyloučené osoby vyústila v USA a EU v založení oboru pouliční medicína (street medicine). Specifickou problematiku v rámci pouliční medicíny představuje zdravotně-sociální péče o ženy. Ta je v České republice zatížena, tak jako všeobecná lékařská péče o tyto osoby, profesionální nepřipraveností lékařů, zdravotnických zařízení i systému zdravotní péče (chybějí guidelines, chybí koncepce zdravotní péče o tuto sociální skupinu). Nadto u žen z této sociální skupiny chybí vzhledem k dlouhodobě neperspektivní životní situaci motivace ke spoluúčasti na prevenci.
Increased number of socially excluded people in our society emphasizes the need to provide specific health care. Patients of this social group require complex health and social care to a greater extent than those of the other social groups. Health and social care for socially excluded people resulted in the US and the EU in establishing the field of street medicine. The specific issue within the street medicine is health and social care for women. This type of medicine struggles in the Czech Republic as well as the general medical care mainly due to professional unpreparedness of doctors, medical facilities and health care system (no recommendations, no concept of health care in this social group). In addition, women from this social group are not interested in screening programs as there is lack of motivation in their social situation.
Andrea Pekárková
PURPOSE: Taking into account the fact that Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) geometrically deforms the corneal apex and displaces volume from the anterior segment whereas Dynamic Contour Tonometry ...(DCT) does not, we aimed at developing an algorithm for the calculation of ocular rigidity (OR) based on the differences in pressure and volume between deformed and non-deformed status according to the general Friedenwald principle of differential tonometry. METHODS: To avoid deviations of GAT IOP from true IOP in eyes with corneas different from the "calibration cornea" we applied the previously described Orssengo-Pye algorithm to calculate an error coefficient "C/B". To test the feasibility of the proposed model, we calculated the OR coefficient (r) in 17 cataract surgery candidates (9 males and 8 females). RESULTS: The calculated r according to our model (mean ± SD, range) was 0.0174 ± 0.010 (0.0123-0.022) mmHg/μL. A negative statistically significant correlation between axial length and r was detected whereas correlations between r and other biometric parameters examined were statistically not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method may prove a valid non-invasive tool for the measurement method of OR, which could help in introducing OR in the decision-making of the routine clinical practice.
E. T. Detorakis, E. Tsaglioti, G. Kymionis
