Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kateri so najpogostejši vzroki nastanka stresa na delovnem mestu? Kakšna so najpogostejša znamenja stresa? Kakšne so najpogostejše posledice stresa? Kako lahko ...obvladujemo stres? Namen: Namen članka je proučiti članke na temo vzrokov, znamenj, posledic ter obvladovanja stresa na delovnem mestu, ločeno za EU, ZDA in Slovenijo, ter preveriti in povzeti raziskave za različne ravni: individualno, skupinsko, vodstveno in organizacijsko raven. Namen članka je kratka predstavitev rezultatov in pregled skupnih značilnosti navedenih regij. Cilj članka je ugotoviti in predstaviti razlike oz. skupne poglede na temo vzrokov, znamenj in posledic ter obvladovanja stresa na delovnem mestu med EU, ZDA in Slovenijo. Metoda: V raziskavi je bil uporabljen integrativni pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature s področja menedžmenta delovnega stresa. Preko različnih baz (Google Scholar, dLIB) smo na podlagi ključnih besed povezanih s stresom, zdravjem oz. dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu, poiskali primerne članke. V raziskovalno nalogo smo vključili članke mlajše od 10 let s faktorjem vpliva višjim od 1,5. za članke povezane z raziskavami za EU in ZDA. Za raziskave v Sloveniji je bil pogoj, da je bil članek objavljen v indeksiranih revijah. Pregledali smo 57 člankov. V končni pregled je bilo vključenih 19 člankov, ki so ustrezali pogojem. Podatki so bili obdelani s tematsko kvalitativno analizo. Rezultati: Najpogostejši vzrok za nastanek stresa so prekomerna delovna obremenjenost in slabi medsebojni odnosi v organizaciji, kar se zelo pogosto izkazuje v izgorelosti zaposlenih, upadanju produktivnosti, povečanju bolniških odsotnosti, povečanju delovnih nesreč ter zatekanje k zlorabi alkohola, tobaka in drog. Pri obvladovanju stresa so najbolj pogosti primarni proaktivni ukrepi, ki vključujejo redno telesno aktivnost in zdrav življenjski slog, omogočanje visoke stopnje avtonomije pri delu, razni izobraževalni in wellness programi ter socialna podpora in vzpodbujanje zdravih odnosov med zaposlenimi v organizaciji. Organizacija: Rezultati raziskave vodilnemu menedžmentu in srednjemu menedžmentu nakazujejo aktivnosti menedžmenta delovnega stresa v raziskovanih regijah ter ponujajo vpogled v aktivnosti, pristope in metode, ki dosegajo dobre rezultate. Družba: Z izvajanjem proaktivnih ukrepov pri obvladovanju delovnega stresa v organizacijah preprečujemo negativne učinke prekomerne izpostavljenosti stresu na delovnem mestu in s tem pozitivno vplivamo na zadovoljstvo pri delu, zvišujemo učinkovitost delovnih mest in preprečujemo nastanek s stresom poveznih bolezenskih obolenj, ki dokazano zmanjšujejo storilnost in povečujejo stroške zdravstvene blagajne. Originalnost: Raziskava daje neposredno primerjavo vzrokov, posledic in ukrepov pri nastanku stresa na delovnem mestu treh raziskovanih regij, ki ponujajo premih obstoječih paradigem ter podlago za oblikovanje in dopolnitev obstoječih pristopov pri obvladovanju delovnega stresa. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Primerjava menedžmenta delovnega stresa je bila izvedena v treh regijah (ZDA, EU in Slovenija). Za širši in celovitejši vpogled na problematiko stresa, bi bilo priporočljivo raziskavo razširiti še na območje Azije (Kitajska, Južna Koreja, Japonska).
Uvod: Športna vadba je danes priznano sredstvo za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja. V splošnem velja, da so študentje manj športno aktivni kot prejšnje generacije. V nasprotju s tem pa se mlajši ...mladostniki pogosteje vključujejo v tekmovalni šport. Cilj te raziskave je bil zato oceniti, koliko študentov je vključenih v športne klube, kako športno dejavni so študentje ne(člani) in kakšen dejanski učinek imajo športni klubi pri doseganju zadostne športne aktivnosti.
Objective: Exercise is a recognised means for improving quality of life. In general, students perform less sports activity than previous generations. In contrast, however, children’s participation in ...competitive sports has increased. The present study therefore aimed to assess how many students participate in sports clubs, how active in sports student (non)members are, and what actual effect sports clubs have on enabling sufficient sports activity.
Students (N=213) in the first year of university studies (19-20 years) were recruited for a study approved by the Slovenian Ethics Committee. They answered a questionnaire on their sports club membership and on their sports activity during organised sports training and/or in their free time. Results were statistically analysed and compared to our previous results obtained from primary and secondary school children (1).
Only 16% of students participate in sports clubs, which is less (p<0.001) than in primary and secondary school children. The average (SD) sports activity of student sports-club members is 11.7 (6.8) h/week, with students non-members being significantly (p<0.001) less active with 4.6 (3.0) h/week. Participation in sports clubs is lower (p<0.001) in female (15%) than in male (21%) students, which is similar to children.
The results of the study demonstrate that sports clubs in Slovenia are important for promoting sufficient sports activity. Namely, most of the student members participate in sports activity more than the recommended 1 h/day and are more than two times more active than their peers. Females, however, participate less often in sports clubs, which calls for further attention.
Uvod: Športna vadba je danes priznano sredstvo za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja. V splošnem velja, da so študentje manj športno aktivni kot prejšnje generacije. V nasprotju s tem pa se mlajši mladostniki pogosteje vključujejo v tekmovalni šport. Cilj te raziskave je bil zato oceniti, koliko študentov je vključenih v športne klube, kako športno dejavni so študentje ne(člani) in kakšen dejanski učinek imajo športni klubi pri doseganju zadostne športne aktivnosti.
V raziskavo, ki jo je odobrila Komisija Republike Slovenije za medicinsko etiko, so bili vključeni študentje (N=213) prvega letnika univerzitetnih študijev (19-20 let). Izpolnili so vprašalnik o svojem članstvu v športnih klubih ter o svoji športni aktivnosti med organiziranimi športnimi treningi in/ali v svojem prostem času. Rezultate smo statistično analizirali in jih primerjali z rezultati predhodne raziskave, izvedene med osnovnošolci in srednješolci (1).
Le 16% študentov je bilo včlanjenih v športne klube, kar je manj (p<0,001) kot med osnovnošolci in srednješolci. Povprečna (SD) športna aktivnost študentov članov športnih klubov je bila 11,7 (6,8) h/teden; študentje nečlani so bili s 4,6 (3,0) h/teden značilno (p<0,001) manj aktivni. Študentke (15%) so v športne klube vključene redkeje (p<0,001) kot študenti (21%), kar je podobno kot pri mlajših mladostnikih.
Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da so športni klubi v Sloveniji pomembni pri spodbujanju zadostne športne aktivnosti, saj je večina študentov članov športno aktivna več kot priporočeno 1 h/dan in je tako več kot dvakrat aktivnejša od vrstnikov nečlanov. Dekleta so v nasprotju s fanti v športne klube včlanjena redkeje, kar si zasluži nadaljnjo analitično obravnavo.
Quality of life and alcohol consumption: a review of the literature Background: The Quality of Life concept was used to evaluate the impact of alcohol consumption. The purpose of this systematic ...literature review was to determine the topics analysed and the research methodology used in the field of quality of life and alcohol drinking. Methods: A search of the Medline database was conducted to find original research articles in English focusing on certain keywords, i.e. 'quality of life' and 'alcohol drinking', 'alcoholism' or 'alcohol-related disorders', published in the last 10 years, which included population above the age of 18. The abstracts of the resulting articles were screened to select articles focusing on the association between alcohol consumption and the quality of life. These articles were systematically reviewed and analysed for study method and research theme. Results: 27 articles were included in further analysis. The researchers focussed on two major themes - the link between quality of life and alcohol consumption in the general population and in patients dependent on alcohol. Most of the studies were cross-sectional or longitudinal non-interventional studies. Intervention studies were mostly done on a population addicted to alcohol. Qualitative research methods were not used. Conclusions: Quality of life is a relevant criterion for assessing the effects of alcohol consumption. There is a lack of qualitative research in this area. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The lifestyle of pre-school teachers and their assistents as an element of subjective theories Background:In the light of the subjective theories of pre-school teachers and their assistants, the ...authors highlight the problem of children spending quality time in kindergartens and the associated acceptance of a lifestyle by pre-schoolchildren. By identifying differences in opinions, attitudes and habits in the pre-school teachers and their assistants on some factors, such as what constitutes quality time, the authors conclude that pre-school teachers need to have a greater influence on the orientation of the playgroup and stricter criteria in the evaluation of the current situation than the pre-school teachers' assistants. Methods: The sample was composed of 810 pre-school teachers and assistants from the whole territory of Slovenia. The data was collected within the scope of a more extensive research project entitled »Professional training for education practitioners to implement elements of the special pedagogical principles of the Reggio Emilia concept in the field of pre-school education« and were analysed using the SPSS program, version 16. Results: The analysis of the results showed differences between pre-school teachers and their assistants in the evaluation of the amount and quality of sports equipment and in their attitudes to physical/sporting activities, in favour of pre-school teachers, who are also more physically active and indulge more in physical/sporting activities in playgroups than their assistants. Conclusions: The results of the research focus the authors on the transformation of subjective theories, which have their basis in the entire educational process. Therefore, they propose that preventive physical/sporting activity programs be incorporated in the existing education programs for future pre-school teachers and teacher's assistants. Furthermore, they propose that the offer of continuing education seminars be expanded and that playgroups broaden their sports and recreation programs for parents, children and staff. The authors also suggest that playgroups offer sports and recreation for parents, children and staff. This integrated approach would help transform the subjective theories, which in turn influence the orientation of pre-school teachers and their assistants in the physical activity of children. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
A Geography of Heritage Graham, Brian; Ashworth, G. J.; Tunbridge, J. E.
2000, 2016-04-29
eBook
The concept of heritage relates to the ways in which contemporary society uses the past as a social, political or economic resource. However, heritage is open to interpretation and its value may be ...perceived from differing perspectives - often reflecting divisions in society. Moreover, the schism between the cultural and economic uses of heritage also gives rise to potential conflicts of interest.
Examining these issues in depth, this book is the first sustained attempt to integrate the study of heritage into contemporary human geography. It is structured around three themes: the diversity of use and consumption of heritage as a multi-sold cultural and economic resource; the conflicts and tensions arising from this multiplicity of uses, producers and consumers; and the relationship between heritage and identity at a variety of scales.
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