Communities of Print Oates, Rosamund; Purdy, Jessica G
09/2021, Letnik:
99
eBook
This book provides a new perspective on book history, with essays from leading scholars showing how communities of writers, publishers and readers across early modern Europe shaped the consumption of ...print.
Die Reihe Materiale Textkulturen ist das Publikationsorgan des gleichnamigen Heidelberger Sonderforschungsbereichs 933, der von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert wird. In der Reihe ...erscheinen Sammelbände und Monographien, die sich den Forschungsschwerpunkten des SFB widmen, also die Materialität und Präsenz des Geschriebenen in non-typographischen Gesellschaften erforschen.
What role did women play in the pre-industrial European economy? Was it brought about by biology, culture, social institutions, or individual choices? And what were its consequences - for women, for ...men, for society at large? Women were key to the changes in the European economy between 1600 and 1800 that paved the way for industrialization. But we still know little about this female 'shadow economy' - and nothing quantitative or systematic. This book tackles these questions in a new way. It uses a unique micro-level database and rich qualitative sources to illuminate women's contribution to a particular pre-industrial economy: the German state of Wurttemberg, which was in many ways typical of early modern Europe. Markets expanded here between 1600 and 1800, opening opportunities outside the household for both women and men. But they were circumscribed by strong 'social networks' - local communities and rural guilds with state support. Modern political scientists have praised social networks for generating 'social capital' - shared norms and collective sanctions which benefit network insiders, and sometimes the whole society. But this book reveals the dark side of 'social capital': insiders excluded and harmed outsiders, especially women, to the detriment of the economy at large. Early modern European economies differed widely in their restrictions on the role of women. But the monocausal approaches (technological, cultural, institutional) that dominate the existing literature cannot explain these differences. This book proposes an alternative approach driven by the decision individual women themselves made as they negotiated a wide array of constraints and pressures (including technological, cultural, and institutional ones). We are not only brought closer to the 'bitter living' pre-industrial women scraped together , but find out how it came to be so bitter, and how restrictions on women inflicted a bitter living on everyone. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/history/9780198205548/toc.html
Never Married: Singlewomen in Early Modern England investigates a paradox in the history of early modern England: although one third of adult women were never married, these women have remained ...largely absent from historical scholarship. Amy Froide reintroduces us to the category of difference called marital status and to the significant ways it shaped the life experiences of early modern women. By de-centring marriage as the norm in social, economic, and cultural terms, her book critically refines our current understanding of people's lives in the past and adds to a recent line of scholarship that questions just how common 'traditional' families really were. This book is both a social-economic study of singlewomen and a cultural study of the meanings of singleness in early modern England. It focuses on never-married women in England's provincial towns, and on singlewomen from a broad social spectrum. Covering the entire early modern era, it reveals that this was a time of transition in the history of never-married women. During the sixteenth century life-long singlewomen were largely absent from popular culture, but by the eighteenth century they had become a central concern of English society. As the first book of original research to focus on singlewomen on the period, it also illuminates other areas of early modern history. Froide reveals the importance of kinship in the past to women without husbands and children, as well as to widows, widowers, single men, and orphans. Examining the contributions of working and propertied singlewomen, she is able to illustrate the importance of gender and marital status to urban economies and to notions of urban citizenship in the early modern era. Tracing the origins of the spinster and old maid stereotypes she reveals how singlewomen were marginalized as first the victims and then the villains of Protestant English society. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/history/9780199270606/toc.html
Thèse dirigée en co-tutelle par Robert Descimon (EHESS) et Claire Dolan (Université Laval, Québec), devant un jury composé de Pierre Bonin (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne), Fanny Cosandey ...(EHESS), Michel De Waele (Université Laval, Québec) et Sylvie Perrier (Université d’Ottawa). Résumé : Ce travail prend appui sur une source jusqu’ici largement sous-exploitée et qui appartient à la communauté des procureurs au parlement de Paris sous l’Ancien Régime. Source aux apparences familières en...
The industrial revolution transformed the productive power of societies. It did so by vastly increasing the individual productivity, thus delivering whole populations from poverty. In this new ...account by one of the world's acknowledged authorities the central issue is not simply how the revolution began but still more why it did not quickly end. The answer lay in the use of a new source of energy. Pre-industrial societies had access only to very limited energy supplies. As long as mechanical energy came principally from human or animal muscle and heat energy from wood, the maximum attainable level of productivity was bound to be low. Exploitation of a new source of energy in the form of coal provided an escape route from the constraints of an organic economy but also brought novel dangers. Since this happened first in England, its experience has a special fascination, though other countries rapidly followed suit.
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»Der Markt« gilt gemeinhin als zeitloser und effektiver Mechanismus zum Tausch von Gütern und zur Bildung von Preisen. Dieser Band, der die Ergebnisse des von der DFG geförderten Netzwerks »Das ...Versprechen der Märkte« bündelt, problematisiert diese Annahme und zeigt, dass Märkte das Ergebnis historischer Praxis sind: Sie entstehen und existieren durch das Marktgeschehen selbst, das weit über die Markttransaktion hinausreicht und durch die jeweilige Gesellschaft geprägt ist. Die Beiträge machen marktbezogene Praktiken von der Frühen Neuzeit bis zum beginnenden 19. Jahrhundert sichtbar und verknüpfen sie transregional vergleichend miteinander. Ausgangspunkte der Sondierungen sind so unterschiedliche Aspekte wie die Gestaltung und Bemessung von Waren, Werbung als Medium, die Begrenzung von Gewinnen oder der Zugang zu Märkten. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
