This book develops new theory about the link between debt and democracy and applies it to a classic historical comparison: Great Britain in the eighteenth century which had strong representative ...institutions and sound public finance vs. ancient regime France, which had neither. The book argues that whether representative institutions improve commitment depends on the opportunities for government creditors to form new coalitions with other social groups, more likely to occur when a society is divided across multiple political cleavages. It then presents historical evidence to show that improved access to finance in Great Britain after 1688 had as much to do with the development of the Whig Party as with constitutional changes. In France, it is suggested that the balance of partisan forces made it unlikely that an early adoption of 'English-style' institutions would have improved credibility.
The handless maiden Perry, Mary Elizabeth
2005., 20131024, 2013, 2005, 2005-01-01, 20050101, Letnik:
22
eBook
In 1502, a decade of increasing tension between Muslims and Christians in Spain culminated in a royal decree that Muslims in Castile wanting to remain had to convert to Christianity. Mary Elizabeth ...Perry uses this event as the starting point for a remarkable exploration of how Moriscos, converted Muslims and their descendants, responded to their increasing disempowerment in sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century Spain. Stepping beyond traditional histories that have emphasized armed conflict from the view of victors,The Handless Maidenfocuses on Morisco women. Perry argues that these women's lives offer vital new insights on the experiences of Moriscos in general, and on how the politics of religion both empowers and oppresses.
Drawing on archival documents, legends, and literature, Perry shows that the Moriscas carried out active resistance to cultural oppression through everyday rituals and acts. For example, they taught their children Arabic language and Islamic prayers, dietary practices, and the observation of Islamic holy days. Thus the home, not the battlefield, became the major forum for Morisco-Christian interaction. Moriscas' experiences further reveal how the Morisco presence provided a vital counter-identity for a centralizing state in early modern Spain. For readers of the twenty-first century,The Handless Maidenraises urgent questions of how we choose to use difference and historical memory.
The concept of vocation in an early modern setting calls to mind
the priesthood or religious life in a monastery or cloister; to be
"called" by God meant to leave the concerns of the world behind.
...Beginning in the mid-seventeenth century, French Catholic clergy
began to promote the innovative idea that everyone, even an
ordinary layperson, was called to a vocation or "state of life" and
that discerning this call correctly had implications for one's
happiness and salvation, and for the social good. In Callings
and Consequences Christopher Lane analyzes the origins,
growth, and influence of a culture of vocation that became a
central component of the Catholic Reformation and its legacy in
France. The reformers' new vision of the choice of a state of life
was marked by four characteristics: urgency (the realization that
one's soul was at stake), inclusiveness (the belief that everyone,
including lay people, was called by God), method (the use of proven
discernment practices), and liberty (the belief that this choice
must be free from coercion, especially by parents). No mere passing
phenomena, these vocational reforms engendered enduring beliefs and
practices within the repertoire of global Catholic modernity, even
to the present day. An illuminating and sometimes surprising
history of pastoral reform, Callings and Consequences
helps us to understand the history of Catholic vocational culture
and its role in the modernizing process, within Christianity and
beyond.
Géographes et sociologues s’accordent pour penser que la ville du XXe siècle a été faite par et pour les hommes. Si les études de genre permettent d’interroger les pratiques et les politiques de la ...ville aujourd’hui, que peut nous apprendre l’histoire sur la place, l’activité et les représentations des femmes dans les centres urbains ? En faisant converger différents regards (histoire sociale, économique, religieuse et culturelle, histoire du droit et des institutions, études littéraires), les analyses de ce volume contribuent à rendre visibles la présence et les actions des femmes, des plus humbles aux plus célèbres, et les mettent en perspective avec leurs représentations. Paris, en tant que centre urbain majeur et creuset privilégié des modèles sociaux et culturels français, apparaît comme un lieu à la fois exemplaire et singulier pour construire ce savoir. En parcourant les rues de la capitale, en entrant dans ses couvents comme dans ses prisons, en visitant ses salons et ses théâtres, ses lieux de promenade aussi bien que ses lieux de commerce, lectrices et lecteurs verront se dessiner des rapports de genre parfois inattendus, que subissent ou qu’exploitent les Parisiennes.
Historian Eric R Dursteler reconsiders identity in the early modern world to illuminate Veneto-Ottoman cultural interaction and coexistence, challenging the model of hostile relations and suggesting ...instead a more complex understanding of the intersection of cultures. Although dissonance and strife were certainly part of this relationship, he argues, coexistence and cooperation were more common.Moving beyond the "clash of civilizations" model that surveys the relationship between Islam and Christianity from a geopolitical perch, Dursteler analyzes the lived reality by focusing on a localized microcosm: the Venetian merchant and diplomatic community in Muslim Constantinople.While factors such as religion, culture, and political status could be integral elements in constructions of self and community, Dursteler finds early modern identity to be more than the sum total of its constitutent parts and reveals how the fluidity and malleability of identity in this time and place made coexistence among disparate cultures possible.
Inventing the Grand Banks: A deep chart Travis, Charles; Ludlow, Francis; Matthews, Al ...
Geo : geography and environment,
01/2020, Letnik:
7, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As a feature of the Fish Revolution (1400–1700), the early modern “invention” of the Grand Banks in literary and cartographical documents facilitated a massive and unprecedented extraction of cod ...from the waters of the north Atlantic and created the Cod/Sack trade Triangle. This overlapped with the southern Atlantic Slave, Sugar, and Tobacco Triangle to capitalise modern European and North American societies. In 1719, Pierre de Charlevoix claimed that the Grand Banks was “properly a mountain, hid under water,” and noted its cod population “seems to equal that of the grains of sand which cover this bank.” However, two centuries later in 1992, in the face of the collapse of the fishery, and fearing its extinction, a moratorium was placed on five centuries of harvesting Grand Banks cod. The invention and mining of its waters serves as a bellwether for the massive resource extractions of modernity that drive the current leviathan and “wicked problem” of global warming. The digital environmental humanities narrative of this study is parsed together from 83 pieces of Grand Banks charting from 1504 to 1833, which are juxtaposed through Humanities GIS applications with English and French cod‐catch records kept between 1675 and 1831, letters regarding Cabot's 1497 voyage, Shakespeare's
The Tempest
(1611) and scientific essays by De Brahms (1772) and Franklin (1786).
Cilices, haires, disciplines sont les instruments oubliés d’une macération de la chair omniprésente dans le catholicisme tridentin, mais devenue complètement anachronique aujourd’hui. Chez les ...carmélites déchaussées de Thérèse d’Ávila qui sont au coeur de cet ouvrage, comme dans d’autres ordres religieux qui se caractérisent par leur austérité, on se flagelle avec vigueur et en déployant des trésors d’ingéniosité pour accroître ses peines, on ingère des immondices pour signifier sa déchéance, on fait couler le sang en abondance pour se réclamer de l’imitatio Christi, ou pour édifier ou impressionner les autres. Loin de vouloir mettre en avant les pires images de la légende noire espagnole, ce livre s’attache à dégager les logiques spirituelles, culturelles et sociales de ce dolorisme assumé mais complexe et contradictoire.
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