This book is a narrative history of the many dimensions of the War of 1812 - social, diplomatic, military and political - which places the war's origins and conduct in transatlantic perspective. The ...events of 1812–15 were shaped by the larger crisis of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. In synthesizing and reinterpreting scholarship on the war, Professor J. C. A. Stagg focuses on the war as a continental event, highlighting its centrality to Canadian nationalism and state development. The book introduces the war to students and general readers, concluding that it resulted in many ways from an emerging nation-state trying to contend with the effects of rival European nationalisms, both in Europe itself and in the Atlantic world.
A magnetic white dwarf with five H α components Kilic, Mukremin; Rolland, B; Bergeron, P ...
Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,
11/2019, Letnik:
489, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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ABSTRACT
G183−35 is an unusual white dwarf that shows an H α line split into five components, instead of the usual three components seen in strongly magnetic white dwarfs. Potential explanations for ...the unusual set of lines include a double degenerate system containing two magnetic white dwarfs and/or rotational modulation of a complex magnetic field structure. Here, we present time-resolved spectroscopy of G183−35 obtained at the Gemini Observatory. These data reveal two sets of absorption lines that appear and disappear over a period of about 4 h. We also detect low-level (0.2 per cent) variability in optical photometry at the same period. We demonstrate that the spectroscopic and photometric variability can be explained by the presence of spots on the surface of the white dwarf and a change in the average field strength from about 4.6 to 6.2 MG. The observed variability is clearly due to G183−35’s relatively short spin period. However, rotational modulation of a complex magnetic field by itself cannot explain the changes seen in the central H α component. An additional source of variability in the line profiles, most likely due to a chemically inhomogeneous surface composition, is also needed. We propose further observations of similar objects to test this scenario.
Understanding how metabolic costs change in relation to increasing temperature under future climate changes is important to predict how ectotherms will be affected across the globe. In fish, whole ...body respiration is traditionally used to estimate aerobic performance via an organism’s minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates. However, mitochondria play a crucial role in the aerobic cascade and may be a useful surrogate of aerobic performance. To test whether whole body oxygen consumption and mitochondrial capacity are correlated, we estimated whole body metabolic and mitochondrial respiration rates (using permeabilized red muscle fibres) in brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)) at 10, 15, and 20 °C. Standard metabolic rate increased with acclimation temperature, while maximum rates were less sensitive. All mitochondrial respiration rates increased with acclimation temperature, suggesting that red muscle mitochondrial preparations may correlate to the minimal metabolic demands in this species. When expressed as relative rates of electron flow, the red muscle fibres showed no effect of temperature on mitochondrial coupling efficiency. However, there was a pattern of declining capacity to augment respiration via complex II with increasing temperature with a concomitant increase in the capacity of the phosphorylating system relative to maximal rates of mitochondrial electron flow.
We present ∼1″ resolution (∼2 kpc in the source plane) observations of the CO (1–0), CO (3–2), Hα, and N ii lines in the strongly lensed z = 2.26 star-forming galaxy SDSS J0901+1814. We use these ...observations to constrain the lensing potential of a foreground group of galaxies, and our source-plane reconstructions indicate that SDSS J0901+1814 is a nearly face-on (i ≈ 30°) massive disk with r 1/2 ≳ 4 kpc for its molecular gas. Using our new magnification factors (μ tot ≈ 30), we find that SDSS J0901+1814 has a star formation rate (SFR) of \({268}_{-61}^{+63}\,{M}_{\odot }\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}\), \({M}_{\mathrm{gas}}=({1.6}_{-0.2}^{+0.3})\times {10}^{11}({\alpha }_{\mathrm{CO}}/4.6)\,{M}_{\odot }\), and \({M}_{\star }=({9.5}_{-2.8}^{+3.8})\times {10}^{10}\,{M}_{\odot }\), which places it on the star-forming galaxy “main sequence.” We use our matched high angular resolution gas and SFR tracers (CO and Hα, respectively) to perform a spatially resolved (pixel-by-pixel) analysis of SDSS J0901+1814 in terms of the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation. After correcting for the large fraction of obscured star formation (\({\mathrm{SFR}}_{{\rm{H}}\alpha }/{\mathrm{SFR}}_{\mathrm{TIR}}={0.054}_{-0.014}^{+0.015}\)), we find that SDSS J0901+1814 is offset from “normal” star-forming galaxies to higher star formation efficiencies independent of assumptions for the CO-to-H2 conversion factor. Our mean best-fit index for the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation for SDSS J0901+1814, evaluated with different CO lines and smoothing levels, is \(\bar{n}=1.54\pm 0.13;\) however, the index may be affected by gravitational lensing, and we find \(\bar{n}=1.24\pm 0.02\) when analyzing the source-plane reconstructions. While the Schmidt–Kennicutt index largely appears unaffected by which of the two CO transitions we use to trace the molecular gas, the source-plane reconstructions and dynamical modeling suggest that the CO (1–0) emission is more spatially extended than the CO (3–2) emission.
We present ∼1″ resolution (∼2 kpc in the source plane) observations of the CO (1-0), CO (3-2), H , and N ii lines in the strongly lensed z = 2.26 star-forming galaxy SDSS J0901+1814. We use these ...observations to constrain the lensing potential of a foreground group of galaxies, and our source-plane reconstructions indicate that SDSS J0901+1814 is a nearly face-on (i 30°) massive disk with r1/2 4 kpc for its molecular gas. Using our new magnification factors ( tot 30), we find that SDSS J0901+1814 has a star formation rate (SFR) of , , and , which places it on the star-forming galaxy "main sequence." We use our matched high angular resolution gas and SFR tracers (CO and H , respectively) to perform a spatially resolved (pixel-by-pixel) analysis of SDSS J0901+1814 in terms of the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation. After correcting for the large fraction of obscured star formation ( ), we find that SDSS J0901+1814 is offset from "normal" star-forming galaxies to higher star formation efficiencies independent of assumptions for the CO-to-H2 conversion factor. Our mean best-fit index for the Schmidt-Kennicutt relation for SDSS J0901+1814, evaluated with different CO lines and smoothing levels, is however, the index may be affected by gravitational lensing, and we find when analyzing the source-plane reconstructions. While the Schmidt-Kennicutt index largely appears unaffected by which of the two CO transitions we use to trace the molecular gas, the source-plane reconstructions and dynamical modeling suggest that the CO (1-0) emission is more spatially extended than the CO (3-2) emission.
James McCarroll (1814–1892) was a talented Irish poet, journalist, humorist, musician, and arts critic who left his mark on nineteenth-century Canada by seemingly engaging with anything topical in ...every medium. Often writing anonymously or under pseudonyms, McCarroll's best-known nom de plume was "Terry Finnegan," who wrote weekly comic letters to his "cousin" Thomas D'Arcy McGee, offering advice on political and social matters. Yet, since his death, McCarroll's contributions to early Canadian writing and culture have largely been forgotten. Making a case for the recuperation of Canada's lost Irish voice, Delicious Mirth seeks to gather and contextualize the extant fragments of this outspoken and flamboyant entertainer and commentator. Adept in the rich excesses of the Paddy brogue, McCarroll spoke for his beloved but broken country and sought to bring the Irish legacy of expansive prose and lyric poetry to Canada. Following the fluctuations of his personal hope, ambition, and talent through the years, Michael Peterman maps McCarroll's responses to the main events of the late nineteenth century such as Irish emigration, the settlement and growth of Upper Canada, the extension of the railway network, little magazine culture, reform politics and responsible government, the spiritualist movement, nascent Canadian theatre, classical and Celtic folk music, the US Civil War, Confederation, and most notably the Fenian movement, in which he became involved. His travels took him to many places, in particular Peterborough, Cobourg, Niagara Falls, Toronto, Buffalo, and New York City. Revealing a man of immense creative energy and cultural significance who has been lost to Canadian literary historians for over a hundred years, Delicious Mirth shows that McCarroll's life and works are outstanding achievements and deserve fresh attention today.James McCarroll (1814–1892) was a talented Irish poet, journalist, humorist, musician, and arts critic who left his mark on nineteenth-century Canada by seemingly engaging with anything topical in every medium. Often writing anonymously or under pseudonyms, McCarroll's best-known nom de plume was "Terry Finnegan," who wrote weekly comic letters to his "cousin" Thomas D'Arcy McGee, offering advice on political and social matters. Yet, since his death, McCarroll's contributions to early Canadian writing and culture have largely been forgotten. Making a case for the recuperation of Canada's lost Irish voice, Delicious Mirth seeks to gather and contextualize the extant fragments of this outspoken and flamboyant entertainer and commentator. Adept in the rich excesses of the Paddy brogue, McCarroll spoke for his beloved but broken country and sought to bring the Irish legacy of expansive prose and lyric poetry to Canada. Following the fluctuations of his personal hope, ambition, and talent through the years, Michael Peterman maps McCarroll's responses to the main events of the late nineteenth century such as Irish emigration, the settlement and growth of Upper Canada, the extension of the railway network, little magazine culture, reform politics and responsible government, the spiritualist movement, nascent Canadian theatre, classical and Celtic folk music, the US Civil War, Confederation, and most notably the Fenian movement, in which he became involved. His travels took him to many places, in particular Peterborough, Cobourg, Niagara Falls, Toronto, Buffalo, and New York City. Revealing a man of immense creative energy and cultural significance who has been lost to Canadian literary historians for over a hundred years, Delicious Mirth shows that McCarroll's life and works are outstanding achievements and deserve fresh attention today.
Instruments for distributed fiber‐optic measurement of temperature are now available with temperature resolution of 0.01°C and spatial resolution of 1 m with temporal resolution of fractions of a ...minute along standard fiber‐optic cables used for communication with lengths of up to 30,000 m. We discuss the spectrum of fiber‐optic tools that may be employed to make these measurements, illuminating the potential and limitations of these methods in hydrologic science. There are trade‐offs between precision in temperature, temporal resolution, and spatial resolution, following the square root of the number of measurements made; thus brief, short measurements are less precise than measurements taken over longer spans in time and space. Five illustrative applications demonstrate configurations where the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) approach could be used: (1) lake bottom temperatures using existing communication cables, (2) temperature profile with depth in a 1400 m deep decommissioned mine shaft, (3) air‐snow interface temperature profile above a snow‐covered glacier, (4) air‐water interfacial temperature in a lake, and (5) temperature distribution along a first‐order stream. In examples 3 and 4 it is shown that by winding the fiber around a cylinder, vertical spatial resolution of millimeters can be achieved. These tools may be of exceptional utility in observing a broad range of hydrologic processes, including evaporation, infiltration, limnology, and the local and overall energy budget spanning scales from 0.003 to 30,000 m. This range of scales corresponds well with many of the areas of greatest opportunity for discovery in hydrologic science.
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