In the American South, postbellum economic development may have been restricted in part by white landowners' access to low-wage black labor. This paper examines the impact of the Great Mississippi ...Flood of 1927 on black out-migration and subsequent agricultural development. Flooded counties experienced an immediate and persistent out-migration of black population. Over time, landowners in flooded counties modernized agricultural production and increased its capital intensity relative to landowners in nearby similar nonflooded counties. Landowners resisted black out-migration, however, benefiting from the status quo system of labor-intensive agricultural production.
Can electoral institutions induce lasting changes in citizens’ voting habits? We study the long-term and spillover effects of compulsory voting in the Swiss canton of Vaud (1900–1970) and find that ...this intervention increases turnout in federal referendums by 30 percentage points. However, despite its magnitude, the effect disappears quickly after voting is no longer compulsory. We find minor spillover effects on related forms of political participation that also vanish immediately after compulsory voting has been abolished. Overall, these results question habit formation arguments in the context of compulsory voting.
Leopoldo Marechal (1900-1970) belongs to a line of Argentine narrators who established a literary tradition in his country, and whose influence on later writers has been decisive. His prolific ...writing led him to cultivate all genres: prose, poetry, theater and essay, taking his first steps in modernist poetry. A more personal style is revealed in later publications, becoming known for his ambitious first novel, Adán Buenosayres (1948), which made him one of the great narrators of Argentine literature. The present research aims at analyzing space in Marechal’s three novels: Adán (1948), El Banquete de Severo Arcángelo (1965) and Megafón o la Guerra (1971). This space, in turn, is intertwined with two interdependent concepts: utopia and the fantastic. The following study exposes the evolution of these units from Adán to Megafón , with a double aim: to unveil the process of the formal and stylistic transformation of Marechal, and to highlight the significant role that space has in its narrative, particularly in relation to the Fantastic genre and the notion of utopia.
This is an innovative new history of famine relief and humanitarianism. The authors apply a moral economy approach to shed new light on the forces and ideas that motivated and shaped humanitarian aid ...during the Great Irish Famine, the famine of 1921-1922 in Soviet Russia and the Ukraine, and the 1980s Ethiopian famine. They place these episodes within a distinctive periodisation of humanitarianism which emphasises the correlations with politico-economic regimes: the time of elitist laissez-faire liberalism in the nineteenth century as one of ad hoc humanitarianism; that of Taylorism and mass society from c.1900-1970 as one of organised humanitarianism; and the blend of individualised post-material lifestyles and neoliberal public management since 1970 as one of expressive humanitarianism. The book as a whole shifts the focus of the history of humanitarianism from the imperatives of crisis management to the pragmatic mechanisms of fundraising, relief efforts on the ground, and finance.
El proceso creativo particular de la autoficción dificulta la delimitación de toda obra artística que se inscriba a este subgénero. Su doble referencialidad, a diferencia de la autobiografía, permite ...que el lector juzgue la obra teniendo en consideración dos pactos ficcionales: el novelesco y el autobiográfico. La ambivalencia derivada de su confluencia permite hablar de pacto de lectura ambiguo, del cual se desprenden dos referentes simultáneos –biográfico y ficticio– (Alberca, 2005). En este trabajo, se pretende señalar la necesidad de romper con dicha indeterminación mediante la separación entre los pactos de lectura: si el lector atiende al autobiográfico, el resultado será distinto a si nos centramos en el novelesco. En las líneas que siguen, se ejemplificará dicha propuesta a partir de la primera novela del escritor argentino Leopoldo Marechal, Adán Buenosayres (1948), con el fin de determinar qué consecuencias tiene esta sugerencia de lectura para la obra aquí analizada
One aspect of literary creation that critics find particularly complex and difficult to define is the relationship between fiction and reality. It is an area that can only be addressed by carefully ...unravelling fictitious and real-life elements within texts, and analysing how they converge, diverge or sometimes even become indistinguishable - a factor crucial to a work's plausibility in the eyes of the reader. This paper examines the degree of verisimilitude to be found in Leopoldo Marechal's first novel, Adán Buenosayres (1948), where contact between fiction and reality is conflictive in terms both of content (alternation between real and fantasy worlds) and form (the articulation of the plot).
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