Arabs and Young Turks provides a detailed study of Arab
politics in the late Ottoman Empire as viewed from the imperial
capital in Istanbul. In an analytical narrative of the Young Turk
period ...(1908-1918) historian Hasan Kayali discusses Arab concerns
on the one hand and the policies of the Ottoman government toward
the Arabs on the other. Kayali's novel use of documents from the
Ottoman archives, as well as Arabic sources and Western and Central
European documents, enables him to reassess conventional wisdom on
this complex subject and to present an original appraisal of
proto-nationalist ideologies as the longest-living Middle Eastern
dynasty headed for collapse. He demonstrates the persistence and
resilience of the supranational ideology of Islamism which
overshadowed Arab and Turkish ethnic nationalism in this crucial
transition period. Kayali's study reaches back to the nineteenth
century and highlights both continuity and change in Arab-Turkish
relations from the reign of Abdulhamid II to the constitutional
period ushered in by the revolution of 1908. Arabs and Young
Turks is essential for an understanding of contemporary issues
such as Islamist politics and the continuing crises of nationalism
in the Middle East.
Does growing economic interdependence among great powers increase or decrease the chance of conflict and war? Liberals argue that the benefits of trade give states an incentive to stay peaceful. ...Realists contend that trade compels states to struggle for vital raw materials and markets. Moving beyond the stale liberal-realist debate,Economic Interdependence and Warlays out a dynamic theory of expectations that shows under what specific conditions interstate commerce will reduce or heighten the risk of conflict between nations.
Taking a broad look at cases spanning two centuries, from the Napoleonic and Crimean wars to the more recent Cold War crises, Dale Copeland demonstrates that when leaders have positive expectations of the future trade environment, they want to remain at peace in order to secure the economic benefits that enhance long-term power. When, however, these expectations turn negative, leaders are likely to fear a loss of access to raw materials and markets, giving them more incentive to initiate crises to protect their commercial interests. The theory of trade expectations holds important implications for the understanding of Sino-American relations since 1985 and for the direction these relations will likely take over the next two decades.
Economic Interdependence and Waroffers sweeping new insights into historical and contemporary global politics and the actual nature of democratic versus economic peace.
The German Revolution of 1918–1919 was a transformative moment in modern European history. It was both the end of the German Empire and the First World War, as well as the birth of the Weimar ...Republic, the short-lived democracy that preceded the establishment of the Nazi dictatorship. A time of great political drama, the Revolution saw unprecedented levels of mass mobilisation and political violence, including the 'Spartacist Uprising' of January 1919, the murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg, and the violent suppression of strikes and the Munich Councils' Republic. Drawing upon the historiography of the French Revolution, Founding Weimar is the first study to place crowds and the politics of the streets at the heart of the Revolution's history. Carefully argued and meticulously researched, it will appeal to anyone with an interest in the relationship between violence, revolution, and state formation, as well as in the history of modern Germany.
Käsittelen kirjoituksessani muistitiedon käyttöä historiantutkimuksen lähteenä. Tarkasteluni kohteena on kolmiodraamatarina, joka on säilynyt osana vuoden 1918 tapahtumien muistelua Jämsässä. Tarinan ...mukaan suojeluskuntapäällikkö Aarne Haarla yritti sisällissodan aikana päästä eroon kilpakosijastaan, kansakoulunopettaja Kaarlo Isomäestä. Vaikka Isomäki pelastui teloitusyrityksestä, hän menetti morsiamensa Haarlalle. Muistitiedossa Isomäen vaino selittyy kolmiodraamalla. Vainon todellinen syy, hänen riitaantumisensa opettajan luontoisetuisuuksista ja paikkakunnan mahtimiesten vastustaminen, on unohtunut. Peilaan katsauksessani muistitiedon välittämää kuvaa vainon syystä muista lähteistä saamiini tietoihin ja selvitän tarinan muuttumista. Tarkastelu osoittaa, miten hävinneen puolen edustajien muisteluissa tarinan ydinviestin kannalta turhat yksityiskohdat karsiutuivat ja sanoma kiteytyi. Kuvaan kirjoituksessa tarinan merkitystä sen muistelijoille ja selitän sen pysyvyyttä historiallisessa muistissa.
Vuosina 1918–1919 esiintyi Suomessa poikkeavan korkeaa kuolleisuutta, johon olivat syinä sisällissota, poikkeusoloista johtuva ravinnon puute, monet kulkutautiepidemiat, lääkkeiden ja lääkärien ...vähyys ja rokotussuojan puutteet. Yksi vakavista ja paljon kuolleisuutta aiheuttavista kulkutaudeista oli isorokko. Tämä katsaus käsittelee isorokkoepidemiaa Pirkanmaalla Urjalassa vuonna 1918. Tarkastelen aihetta kirjallisuuden lisäksi Urjalan vuoden 1918 kunnalliskertomuksen, Tammelan piirilääkärin arkiston ja vuoden 1918 Urjalan Sanomien avulla.
A major representative of the German sociological tradition, Georg
Simmel (1858-1918) has influenced social thinkers ranging from the
Chicago School to Walter Benjamin. His magnum opus, The
...Philosophy of Money , published in 1900, is nevertheless a
difficult book that has daunted many would-be readers. Gianfranco
Poggi makes this important work accessible to a broader range of
scholars and students, offering a compact and systematically
organized presentation of its main arguments. Simmel's insights
about money are as valid today as they were a hundred years ago.
Poggi provides a sort of reader's manual to Simmel's work,
deepening the reader's understanding of money while at the same
time offering a new appreciation of the originality of Simmel's
social theory.
During and especially after World War I, the millions of black-clad widows on the streets of Europe’s cities were a constant reminder that war caused carnage on a vast scale. But widows were far more ...than just a reminder of the war’s fallen soldiers; they were literal and figurative actresses in how nations crafted their identities in the interwar era. In this extremely original study, Erika Kuhlman compares the ways in which German and American widows experienced their postwar status, and how that played into the cultures of mourning in their two nations: one defeated, the other victorious. Each nation used widows and war dead as symbols to either uphold their victory or disengage from their defeat, but Kuhlman, parsing both German and U.S. primary sources, compares widows’ lived experiences to public memory. For some widows, government compensation in the form of military-style awards sufficed. For others, their own deprivations, combined with those suffered by widows living in other nations, became the touchstone of a transnational awareness of the absurdity of war and the need to prevent it.
In this classic study of the relationship between technology and culture, Miles Orvell demonstrates that the roots of contemporary popular culture reach back to the Victorian era, when mechanical ...replications of familiar objects reigned supreme and realism dominated artistic representation. Reacting against this genteel culture of imitation, a number of artists and intellectuals at the turn of the century were inspired by the machine to create more authentic works of art that were themselves "real things." The resulting tension between a culture of imitation and a culture of authenticity, argues Orvell, has become a defining category in our culture.The twenty-fifth anniversary edition includes a new preface by the author, looking back on the late twentieth century and assessing tensions between imitation and authenticity in the context of our digital age. Considering material culture, photography, and literature, the book touches on influential figures such as writers Walt Whitman, Henry James, John Dos Passos, and James Agee; photographers Alfred Stieglitz, Walker Evans, and Margaret Bourke-White; and architect-designers Gustav Stickley and Frank Lloyd Wright.
In the years following World War II, American Protestantism experienced tremendous growth, but conventional wisdom holds that midcentury Protestants practiced an optimistic, progressive, complacent, ...and materialist faith. InOriginal Sin and Everyday Protestants, historian Andrew Finstuen argues against this prevailing view, showing that theological issues in general--and the ancient Christian doctrine of original sin in particular--became newly important to both the culture at large and to a generation of American Protestants during a postwar "age of anxiety" as the Cold War took root.Finstuen focuses on three giants of Protestant thought--Billy Graham, Reinhold Niebuhr, and Paul Tillich--men who were among the era's best known public figures. He argues that each thinker's strong commitment to the doctrine of original sin was a powerful element of the broad public influence that they enjoyed. Drawing on extensive correspondence from everyday Protestants, the book captures the voices of the people in the pews, revealing that the ordinary, rank-and-file Protestants were indeed thinking about Christian doctrine and especially about "good" and "evil" in human nature. Finstuen concludes that the theological concerns of ordinary American Christians were generally more complicated and serious than is commonly assumed, correcting the view that postwar American culture was becoming more and more secular from the late 1940s through the 1950s.
