البحث يتناول شخصية المعلم داوود صليوا صاحب امتياز وتأسيس جريدة صدى بابل البغدادية، والذي يعد أحد الشخصيات النخبوية المثقفة في العراق آنذاك من خلال ثقافته الواسعة وكتاباته في مجال السياسة والتاريخ ...والأدب والثقافة العامة، حيث عمل على إصدار جريدته بعد المتغيرات السياسية التي حدثت في الدولة العثمانية بعد قيام ثورة الاتحاد والترقي ضد حكم السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني التي رفعت شعارات الحرية والمساواة، وقد تأسست هذه الجريدة في بغداد سنة ١٩٠٩م واستمر صدورها بشكل دوري أسبوعيا لمدة ستة سنوات حتى سنه ١٩١٤م، حيث قامت السلطات العثمانية في بغداد بإغلاقها وإغلاق بقية الجرائد المحلية بعد قيام الحرب العالمية الأولى، وهذه الجريدة كانت تنشر الأخبار المفصلة للأحداث التي كانت تحدث أنذاك، وتقوم أيضا بنشر القوانين والتعليمات الصادرة من السلطات العثمانية، فضلا عن نشر التفاصيل المتعلقة بالأحداث المحلية والإقليمية والدولية التي كانت تحدث أنذاك، وتعد بذلك مصدرا هاما لتاريخ العراق الحديث والمناطق المجاورة والعالم.
Reconstructing Rawls has one overarching goal: to reclaim Rawls for the Enlightenment—more specifically, the Prussian Enlightenment. Rawls’s so-called political turn in the 1980s, motivated by a ...newfound interest in pluralism and the accommodation of difference, has been unhealthy for autonomy-based liberalism and has led liberalism more broadly toward cultural relativism, be it in the guise of liberal multiculturalism or critiques of cosmopolitan distributive-justice theories. Robert Taylor believes that it is time to redeem A Theory of Justice’s implicit promise of a universalistic, comprehensive Kantian liberalism. Reconstructing Rawls on Kantian foundations leads to some unorthodox conclusions about justice as fairness, to be sure: for example, it yields a more civic-humanist reading of the priority of political liberty, a more Marxist reading of the priority of fair equality of opportunity, and a more ascetic or antimaterialist reading of the difference principle. It nonetheless leaves us with a theory that is still recognizably Rawlsian and reveals a previously untraveled road out of Theory—a road very different from the one Rawls himself ultimately followed.
He knew he was going blind. Yet he finished graduate school, became
a history professor, and wrote books about the American West. Then,
nearly fifty, Robert Hine lost his vision completely. Fifteen ...years
later, a risky eye operation restored partial vision, returning
Hine to the world of the sighted. "The trauma seemed instructive
enough" for him to begin a journal. That journal is the heart of
Second Sight, a sensitively written account of Hine's
journey into darkness and out again. The first parts are told
simply, with little anguish. The emotion comes when sight returns;
like a child he discovers the world anew-the intensity of colors,
the sadness of faces grown older, the renewed excitement of sex and
the body. With the understanding and insights that come from living
on both sides of the divide, Hine ponders the meaning of blindness.
His search is enriched by a discourse with other blind writers,
humorist James Thurber, novelist Eleanor Clark, poet Jorge Luis
Borges, among others. With them he shares thoughts on the
acceptance and advantages of blindness, resentment of the blind,
the reluctance with sex, and the psychological depression that
often follows the recovery of sight. Hine's blindness was the
altered state in which to learn and live, and his deliverance from
blindness the spur to seek and share its lessons. What he found
makes a moving story that embraces all of us-those who can see and
those who cannot.
The literature on Lyme disease includes a lively debate about the paradoxical role of changing deer populations. A decrease in the number of deer will both (1) reduce the incidence of Lyme disease by ...decreasing the host populations for ticks and therefore tick populations, and (2) enhance the incidence of Lyme disease by offering fewer reservoir-incompetent hosts for ticks, forcing the vector to choose reservoir-competent, and therefore possibly diseased, hosts to feed on. A review of field studies exploring the net impact of changing deer populations shows mixed results. In this manuscript, we investigate the hypothesis that the balance of these two responses to changing deer populations depends on the relative population sizes of reservoir-competent vs. reservoir-incompetent hosts and the presence of host preference in larval and adult stages.
A temperature driven seasonal model of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (cause of Lyme disease) transmission among three host types (reservoir-competent infected and uninfected hosts, and reservoir-incompetent hosts) is constructed as a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The model, which produces biologically reasonable results for both the tick vector Ixodes scapularis Say 1921 and the hosts, is used to investigate the effects of reservoir-incompetent host removal on both tick populations and disease prevalence for various relative population sizes of reservoir-competent hosts vs. reservoir-incompetent hosts.
In summary, the simulation results show that the model with host preference appears to be more accurate than the one with no host preference. Given these results, we found that removal of adult I. scapularis(Say) hosts is likely to reduce questing nymph populations. At very low levels questing adult abundance may rise with lack of adult hosts. There is a dilution effect at low reservoir-competent host populations and there is an amplification effect at high reservoir-competent host populations.
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