Resumo Este artigo traz para a cena contemporânea um romance inédito e inacabado de Jorge Amado (1941-1942) e como nele o autor representa as mulheres na utopia comunista, seja por corpos lésbicos, ...na perspectiva de Adrienne Rich, seja por já ensaiar o amor-camaradagem, conceituado por Alexandra Kollontai, de significativa importância na militância do século XXI.
Resumen Este artículo trae para la escena contemporánea una novela inédita inacabada de Jorge Amado (1941-1942) y como, en esa obra, el autor representa las mujeres en la utopía comunista ya sea por cuerpos lesbianos, en la perspectiva de Adrienne Rich, ya sea por ensayar el amor-camaradería, conceptuado por Alexandra Kollontai, de importancia significativa en la militancia del siglo XXI.
Abstract This article brings to the contemporary scene the unpublished and unfinished novel by Jorge Amado (1941-1942) and how the author represents women in the communist utopia, whether through lesbian bodies, in Adrienne Rich's perspective, or because he is already rehearsing love-camaraderie conceptualized by Alexandra Kollontai, of significant importance in 21st century militancy.
In October 1941 Hitler launched Operation Typhoon the German drive to capture Moscow and knock the Soviet Union out of the war. As the last chance to escape the dire implications of a winter ...campaign, Hitler directed seventy-five German divisions, almost two million men and three of Germany's four panzer groups into the offensive, resulting in huge victories at Viaz'ma and Briansk - among the biggest battles of the Second World War. David Stahel's groundbreaking new account of Operation Typhoon captures the perspectives of both the German high command and individual soldiers, revealing that despite success on the battlefield the wider German war effort was in far greater trouble than is often acknowledged. Germany's hopes of final victory depended on the success of the October offensive but the autumn conditions and the stubborn resistance of the Red Army ensured that the capture of Moscow was anything but certain.
Michael Filippenkov describes the events that took place through the simultaneous, comparative analysis of Soviet and German combat reports according to time, and in the manner of reporting from the ...places of those events as they happened. The author writes about these events with chronological accuracy, not on the level of army headquarters and higher, but exclusively on the level of the combat units down to the division-level, and with concrete geographical reference to the combat maps of those times.
Écrivain français communiste, Jean-Richard Bloch était probablement le seul intellectuel français à avoir demandé l’asile politique en URSS pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’expérience unique de ...son exil soviétique, partiellement reconstituée grâce à ses notes inédites, ainsi que celles de sa femme, gardées au Département des Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, commence par l’arrivée de Bloch en URSS et son séjour à Moscou (avril-octobre 1941), suivi de son évacuation vers l’Est à Kazan sous l’égide de l’Union des écrivains soviétiques (octobre-décembre 1941), et ensuite à Oufa où il sera mobilisé par l’Internationale Communiste pour lire ses Commentaires à la Radio du Komintern à destination de la France occupée (décembre 1941-décembre 1942). Après avoir examiné brièvement le développement des relations que Bloch entretenait avec l’Union des écrivains dans de nouvelles conditions de guerre, nous nous concentrerons sur les attentes du Komintern à l’égard de Bloch et de sa femme. La reconstruction des conditions de travail et de la qualité de vie de la « famille kominternienne » contribuera à la littérature limitée (Ceretti, Cauchy, Thorez-Vermeersch, Wieviorka) de la période à Oufa, et fera lumière sur les fonctions de Bloch, ainsi que son statut et ses interactions avec la direction de l’Internationale Communiste.
This paper examines the long run education and labor market effects from early-life exposure to the Greek 1941–1942 famine. Given the short duration of the famine, we can separately identify the ...famine effects for cohorts exposed in utero, during infancy and at 1 year of age. We find that adverse outcomes due to the famine are largest for infants. Further, in our regression analysis we exploit the fact that the famine was more severe in urban than in rural areas. Consistent with our prediction, we find that urban-born cohorts show larger negative impacts on educational outcomes than rural-born cohorts.
With scholars far from agreement in their opinions of Ethiopia's Haile Selassie, the questions remain: Who was Haile Selassie? What was the secret of his survival across half a century--and how did ...he come to be a virtual exile in his own country, then murdered, the last emperor in a centuries-old dynasty? Haggai Erlich's Haile Selassie, full of fresh perspectives and insights, adds much to our understanding of the emperor. Drawing on new archival sources, as well as decades of research on Ethiopia, Erlich tells the multifaceted, sometimes tragic, story not only of a single individual, but also of modern Ethiopia both domestically and in world affairs.
Revolution, civil wars, and guerilla warfare wracked Ethiopia during three turbulent decades at the end of the twentieth century. This book is a pioneering study of the military history and political ...significance of this crucial Horn of Africa region during that period. Drawing on new archival materials and interviews, Gebru Tareke illuminates the conflicts, comparing them to the Russian and Iranian revolutions in terms of regional impact.
Writing in vigorous and accessible prose, Tareke brings to life the leading personalities in the domestic political struggles, strategies of the warring parties, international actors, and key battles. He demonstrates how the brutal dictatorship of Mengistu Haile Mariam lacked imagination in responding to crises and alienated the peasantry by destroying human and material resources. And he describes the delicate balance of persuasion and force with which northern insurgents mobilized the peasantry and triumphed. The book sheds invaluable light not only on modern Ethiopia but also on post-colonial state formation and insurrectionary politics worldwide.
When insurgent organizations factionalize and fragment, it can profoundly shape a civil war: its intensity, outcome, and duration. In this extended treatment of this complex and important phenomenon, ...Michael Woldemariam examines why rebel organizations fragment through a unique historical analysis of the Horn of Africa's civil wars. Central to his view is that rebel factionalism is conditioned by battlefield developments. While fragmentation is caused by territorial gains and losses, counter-intuitively territorial stalemate tends to promote rebel cohesion and is a critical basis for cooperation in war. As a rare effort to examine these issues in the context of the Horn of Africa region, based upon extensive fieldwork, this book will interest both scholarly and non-scholarly audiences interested in insurgent groups and conflict dynamics.
Your Body Is War contemplates the psychology of the female human body, looking at the ways it exists and moves in the world, refusing to be contained in the face of grief and trauma. Bold and raw, ...Mahtem Shiferraw's poems explore what the woman's body has to do to survive and persevere in the world, especially in the aftermath of abuse. A groundbreaking collection, the poems in Your Body Is War embody elements of conflict, making them simultaneously a place of destruction and of freedom.
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