War, Massacre, and Recovery in Central Italy, 1943-1948examines this transitional period in the province of Arezzo by detailing the daily experiences of civilians through the traumas of war and the ...difficulties of recovery.
"Ada Gobetti's Partisan Diary is both diary and memoir. From the German entry into Turin on 10 September 1943 to the liberation of the city on 28 April 1945, Gobetti recorded an almost daily account ...of events, sentiments, and personalities, in a cryptic English only she could understand. Italian senator and philosopher Benedetto Croce encouraged Ada to convert her notes into a book. Published by Giulio Einaudi editore in 1956, it won the Premio Prato, an annual prize for a work inspired by the Italian Resistance (Resistenza). From a political and military point of view, the Partisan Diary provides firsthand knowledge of how the partisans in Piedmont fought, what obstacles they encountered, and who joined the struggle against the Nazis and the Fascists. The mountainous terrain and long winters of the Alpine regions (the site of many of their battles) and the ever-present threat of reprisals by German occupiers and their fascist partners exacerbated problems of organization among the various partisan groups. So arduous was their fight, that key military events--Italy's declaration of war on Germany, the fall of Rome, and the Allied landings on D-Day--appear in the diary as remote and almost unrelated incidents. Ada Gobetti writes of the heartbreak of mothers who lost their sons or watched them leave on dangerous missions of sabotage, relating it to worries about her own son Paolo. She reflects on the relationship between anti-fascist thought of the 1920s, in particular the ideas of her husband, Piero Gobetti, and the Italian resistance movement (Resistenza) in which she and her son were participating. While the Resistenza represented a culmination of more than twenty years of anti-fascist activity for Ada, it also helped illuminate the exceptional talents, needs, and rights of Italian women, more than one hundred thousand of whom participated"--
Le visits home dei soldati italo-americani durante la Campagna d’Italia (1943-1945). Tra turismo di guerra, homecoming e diaspora tourism Francesco Fusi, si è laureato in Scienze Storiche presso l’Università di Firenze e ha conseguito il Dottorato di ricerca in Storia presso l’Università di Pisa. Tra i suoi principali ambiti di studio vi sono la storia politica ed elettorale dell’Italia contemporanea, l’antifascismo, la Resistenza e la Seconda guerra mondiale. Collabora e ha collaborato con l’Istituto Storico Toscano della Resistenza e dell’età contemporanea ed è vincitore del Franklin Research Grant (2017-2018) dell’American Philosophical Society di Philadelphia. Tra le sue ultime pubblicazioni: L’Italia centrale. Estate 1944 in FULVETTI, Gianluca, PEZZINO, Paolo (a cura di), Zone di Guerra, Geografie di Sangue. L’Atlante delle stragi naziste e fasciste in Italia (1943-1945), Bologna, Il Mulino, 2017, pp. 267-280; (con PRETELLI, Marco), Fighting alongside the Allies in Italy: The War of Soldiers of Italian Descent against the Land of their Ancestors, in SICA, Emanuele, CARRIER, Richard (edited by), Italy and the Second World War: Alternative Perspectives, Leiden, Brill, 2018, pp 299-324.
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Journal Article
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During the Second World War, hundreds of thousands of American soldiers of Italian origin were enrolled in the US Armed Forces. Among those who fought in the Italian Campaign (1943-1945), many used ...their leaves to visit the country and its natural and artistic sights, but foremost to travel to their places of origin. Their visits home, often lasting some days, established stable and continuous contacts in the post-war period as part of root tourism or war tourism. This essay analyzes the visits home of these Italian-American soldiers as a particular form of diaspora tourism, focusing on the way which homecoming engraved on their sense of identity and ethnic-cultural belonging.
Dopo l'8 settembre 1943, la liberazione di Mussolini e la costituzione del nuovo stato fascista repubblicano - dal dicembre 1943 denominato Repubblica sociale italiana - si decise di trasferire la ...sede del governo, e di tutta l'amministrazione centrale dello stato, nell'Italia del Nord. Fu un trasferimento lungo e complicato che alla fine vide gli uffici ministeriali disseminati in decine di località prevalentemente del Veneto e della Lombardia. Un trasferimento che, oltre alle strutture ministeriali, interessò la totalità degli enti statali e parastatali, gli uffici confederali e giudiziari, coinvolgendo migliaia di funzionari e impiegati.
Analizzando l'esperienza della Repubblica sociale attraverso le lenti del Partito fascista repubblicano e del ruolo di Benito Mussolini, Dianella Gagliani mette in evidenza la centralità ...dell'ideologia fascista per la Rsi.
Il saggio prende in esame l'amministrazione della Repubblica sociale italiana attraverso le relazioni mensili prodotte dalle Militärkommandanturen tedesche insediate in Toscana e in Emilia-Romagna, ...ed evidenzia le difficoltà incontrate dalla Rsi nella gestione dell'emergenza bellica e la sostanziale sfiducia degli occupanti verso l'alleato fascista.
In Prevail until the Bitter End, Alexandra Lohse explores the gossip and innuendo, the dissonant reactions and perceptions of Germans to the violent dissolution of the Third Reich. Mobilized for ...total war, soldiers and citizens alike experienced an unprecedented convergence of military, economic, social, and political crises. But even in retreat, the militarized national community unleashed ferocious energies, staving off defeat for over two years and continuing a systematic murder campaign against European Jews and others. Was its faith in the Führer never shaken by the prospect of ultimate defeat? Lohse uncovers how Germans experienced life and death, investigates how mounting emergency conditions affected their understanding of the nature and purpose of the conflagration, and shows how these factors influenced the people's relationship with the Nazi regime. She draws on Nazi morale and censorship reports, features citizens' private letters and diaries, and incorporates a large body of Allied intelligence, including several thousand transcripts of surreptitiously recorded conversations among German prisoners of war in Western Allied captivity. Lohse's historical reconstruction helps us understand how ordinary Germans interpreted their experiences as both the victims and perpetrators of extreme violence. We are immersively drawn into their desolate landscape: walking through bombed-out streets, scrounging for food, burning furniture, listening furtively to Allied broadcasts, unsure where the truth lies. Prevail until the Bitter End is about the stories that Germans told themselves to make sense of this world in crisis.
L'Istituto per la storia e le memorie del '900 Parri Emilia-Romagna sta per acquisire l'archivio D'Ajutolo. Diverse centinaia di negativi e di stampe fotografiche, per lo più inedite, ritraggono ...Bologna negli anni della II guerra mondiale e della Rsi. Fanno parte dell'archivio anche documenti della Gnr, del Governo militare alleato, del locale Partito d'Azione e la straordinaria "Relazione Trauzzi".
When the Second World War ended, Europe was in ruins. Yet, politically and socially, the years between 1943 and 1947 were a time of dramatic reconfigurations, which proved to be foundational for the ...making of today's Europe. This volume hones in on the crucial period from the beginning of the end of Nazi rule in Europe to the advent of the Cold War. Through a series of interrelated case studies that span the entire continent, it demonstrates how the everyday experiences of Europeans during these five years shaped the transition of their societies from war to peace. The authors explore these reconfigurations on different scales and levels -the local and regional, the ethnic and national, and the international - with the purpose of enhancing our understanding of how wars end.
Thousands of Frenchmen volunteered to provide military help to the Nazis during World War II, fighting in such places as Belorussia, Galicia, Pomerania, and Berlin. Utilizing these soldiers' memoirs, ...The French Who Fought for Hitler examines how these volunteers describe their exploits on the battlefield, their relations to civilian populations in occupied territories, and their sexual prowess. It also discusses how the volunteers account for their controversial decisions to enlist, to fight to the end, and finally to testify. Coining the concepts of 'outcast memory' and 'unlikeable vanquished', Philippe Carrard characterizes the type of bitter, unrepentant memory at work in the volunteers' recollections and situates it on the map of France's collective memory. In the process, he contributes to the ongoing conversation about memory, asking whether all testimonies are fit to be given and preserved, and how we should deal with life narratives that uphold positions now viewed as unacceptable.