A
bstract
Scattering amplitudes have the potential to provide new insights to the study of supergravity theories with gauged R-symmetry and Minkowski vacua. Such gaugings break supersymmetry ...spontaneously, either partly or completely. In this paper, we develop a framework for double-copy constructions of Abelian and non-Abelian gaugings of
N
=
8
supergravity with these properties. They are generally obtained as the double copy of a spontaneously-broken (possibly supersymmeric) gauge theory and a theory with explicitly-broken supersymmetry. We first identify purely-adjoint deformations of
N
=
4
super-Yang-Millstheorythatpreservethedualitybetweencolorandkinematics. A combination of Higgsing and orbifolding yields the needed duality-satisfying gauge-theory factors with multiple matter representations. We present three explicit examples. Two are Cremmer-Scherk-Schwarz gaugings with unbroken
N
=
6
,
4
supersymmetry and U(1) gauge group. The third has unbroken
N
=
4
supersymmetry and SU(2) × U(1) gauge group. We also discuss examples in which the double-copy method gives theories with explicitly-broken supersymmetry.
Pseudocollinella (Setiopacifrons) digna (Roháček, 1982) is recorded from Japan for the first time. Pseudocollinella (Setiopacifrons) simplicisternum Papp, 2016 is synonymized with P. digna. Two ...Japanese species of the genus are redescribed and illustrated for the comparison.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA) is an autonomous international organization established under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS) to organize and control the exploration ...for and exploitation of seabed mineral resources in areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. A system for exploration of mineral resources have been in existence for some time now and the ISA is currently in the midst of developing regulations for exploitation activities. Between 2014 and 2020, the ISA has made considerable progress in respect of the latter. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the work of the ISA, including the development of regulations for exploitation, have been on hiatus since March 2020. In late June 2021, the Republic of Nauru invoked a legal provision that essentially compels the ISA to accelerate the completion of the exploitation regulations. If the ISA fails to complete this within the prescribed time of two years, i.e. by July 2023, the ISA would have to consider and decide upon applications for mining contracts notwithstanding the absence of the exploitation regulations. Two years is not a long period, especially given that the COVID-19 pandemic continues to prevent member States from meeting in person at the ISA to continue negotiations on the exploitation regulations. Moreover, apart from having to resolve outstanding matters in relation to the exploitation regulations, the ISA would also need to address numerous other matters that intrinsically connect to the design of a functional system of exploitation. This paper reflects upon the key outstanding matters, both within and outside the exploitation regulations, which the ISA would need to urgently address and resolve within the two-year deadline.
On June 6, 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon with the aim of destroying the military infrastructure of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which was serving as a launching pad for terrorist ...infiltrations and Katyusha attacks into northern Israel. From its outset, the Israeli public considered the war an exceptional case and a deviation from the "proper" course of Israeli history. Allegedly, unlike other Israeli wars, the 1982 War did not relate to Israeli security concerns but instead to the political aims and whims of Menachem Begin and Ariel Sharon. Also, it is often described as an unjust war of choice, which Israel initiated while it was not facing an existential threat. The claim that the 1982 Lebanon War was exceptional and a deviation from original Israeli principles is the main interest of this article. To determine whether the Lebanon War was a breach of Israeli history or a deviation from Israeli foundational political-moral principles, one must analyze the core tenets of Israel's security strategy to which it adhered in most of its battles. Using the security doctrine as a guide map reveals that the conflict was neither unique nor a deviation but rather a fulfillment of long-standing Israeli security principles.
Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan berhak menetapkan perairan pedalaman dengan menarik garis penutup mulut sungai, garis penutup teluk, dan garis penutup pelabuhan berdasarkan UNCLOS 1982 pasal 9, ...10, dan 11. Melalui koordinasi di bawah Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Kemaritiman dan Investasi, hingga tahun 2018 Indonesia telah melakukan identifikasi penutupan teluk-teluk. Identifikasi terhadap garis penutup mulut sungai dan pelabuhan belum dilakukan karena belum memiliki standard dalam metode penarikannya. Berdasarkan pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982, jika sungai mengalir langsung ke laut, maka garis dasar ditarik lurus melewati mulut sungai di antara tepi sungai pada garis air rendah. Dalam pasal tersebut kriteria sungai yang mengalir langsung ke laut dan titik acuan penarikan garis mulut sungai masih belum dijelaskan secara terperinci, sehingga masih sulit diikuti secara teknis. Identifikasi tipe mulut sungai diperlukan untuk menentukan apakah sungai mengalir langsung ke laut ataukah melalui estuari terlebih dahulu. Jika sungai mengalir langsung ke laut, maka prinsip pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982 dapat digunakan. Jika sungai tidak mengalir langsung ke laut, namun melalui estuari, maka prinsip pasal 9 UNCLOS 1982 tidak dapat digunakan, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan metode teknis lain yang lebih relevan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai untuk penetapan perairan pedalaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dari dokumen perundang- undangan, dokumen konvensi, dan dokumen teknis terkait. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah rekomendasi metode yang dapat digunakan untuk penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai. Penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai dilakukan dengan empat langkah utama, yaitu 1) identifikasi tipe mulut sungai 2) menentukan metode penarikan garis penutup mulut sungai 3) menentukan titik acuan garis penutup mulut sungai 4) menarik garis penutup mulut sungai.
Abstract
This article considers how the far right affects ethnic minority vote choice and party evaluations, using the case of the British National Party (BNP). Minorities were more likely to vote ...for Labour in 2010 where the BNP received more votes, and a quasi-experimental increase in the BNP’s salience also increased support for Labour. However, ethnic minority voters evaluated the Conservatives more positively when the BNP put forward a candidate or received more votes. The strength of the far right may mobilise and reinforce traditional partisan loyalties among minorities, while changing perceptions of traditionally unpopular—but mainstream—alternatives.
This book suggests that institutional culture can account for a great deal of the activities and rationale of the Royal Navy. War highlights the role of culture in military organizations and as such ...acts as a spotlight by which this phenomenon can be assessed seperately and then in comparison in order to demonstrate the influence of institutional culture on strategy.
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