In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical ...health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule.
In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.
Abstract
Internationalization of research and development (R&D) is a double-edged sword: on the one hand, it is understood as a driving force of global innovation performance; on the other hand, from ...a national perspective it is often perceived as a threat to domestic efforts. Against this background, we compare the contribution of domestic and international knowledge sourcing to the productivity of Swiss firms. We find a positive productivity effect of knowledge-sourcing activities in geographically close countries (in the European Union EU). Domestic knowledge alone or from other world regions does not yield positive productivity effects. We provide evidence that companies that source international knowledge to generate innovative products benefit disproportionately from knowledge sourcing in the EU and that both knowledge- and market-seeking motives may be relevant to this result.
The book predominantly explores the psychic histories of patients who display their transgenerational conflicts/trauma through forensic acts. It establishes the need to consider the details of ...patient history in understanding the patient within both the therapeutic encounter and the treatment team milieu. There are many themes of contemporary interest including gang murders, sibling jealousy, fatal eating disorder, personality disorder, and the effects of exclusion and marginalization within group and community dynamics and the global prevalence of mass murder. The author describes the collapse into dyadic thinking and enactment that prevails when the third perspective, classically represented by the father within the Oedipal dynamic, is excluded or absent. Providing detailed case studies he shows how seemingly meaningless explosions of violence or perversion are attempts to master early experiences of trauma and/or exclusion, often passed down unconsciously through the generations. Using the theories of Matte Blanco and notions of the 'critical date' the chapters give unique insight into the timing and triggers of crimes, however apparently random.
Retired households, especially those with high lifetime income, decumulate their wealth very slowly, and many die leaving large estates. The three leading explanations for the "retirement savings ...puzzle" are the desire to insure against uncertain lifespans and medical expenses, the desire to leave bequests to one's heirs, and the desire to remain in one's own home. We discuss the empirical strategies used to differentiate these motivations, most of which go beyond wealth to exploit additional features of the data. The literature suggests that all the motivations are present, but has yet to reach a consensus about their relative importance.
When the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act became law in 1996, the architects of welfare reform celebrated what they called the new "consensus" on welfare: that cash ...assistance should be temporary and contingent on recipients' seeking and finding employment. However, assessments about the assumptions and consequences of this radical change to the nation's social safety net were actually far more varied and disputed than the label "consensus" suggests.
By examining the varied realities and accountings of welfare restructuring, Stretched Thin looks back at a critical moment of policy change and suggests how welfare policy in the United States can be changed to better address the needs of poor families and the nation. Using ethnographic observations, in-depth interviews with poor families and welfare workers, survey data tracking more than 750 families over two years, and documentary evidence, Sandra Morgen, Joan Acker, and Jill Weigt question the validity of claims that welfare reform has been a success. They show how poor families, welfare workers, and welfare administrators experienced and assessed welfare reform differently based on gender, race, class, and their varying positions of power and control within the welfare state.
The authors document the ways that, despite the dramatic drop in welfare rolls, low-wage jobs and inadequate social supports left many families struggling in poverty. Revealing how the neoliberal principles of a drastically downsized welfare state and individual responsibility for economic survival were implemented through policies and practices of welfare provision and nonprovision, the authors conclude with new recommendations for reforming welfare policy to reduce poverty, promote economic security, and foster shared prosperity.
As seen on CBS 60 Minutes "No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider." ...Did you know that these twenty-six words are responsible for much of America's multibillion-dollar online industry? What we can and cannot write, say, and do online is based on just one law—a law that protects online services from lawsuits based on user content. Jeff Kosseff exposes the workings of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which has lived mostly in the shadows since its enshrinement in 1996. Because many segments of American society now exist largely online, Kosseff argues that we need to understand and pay attention to what Section 230 really means and how it affects what we like, share, and comment upon every day. The Twenty-Six Words That Created the Internet tells the story of the institutions that flourished as a result of this powerful statute. It introduces us to those who created the law, those who advocated for it, and those involved in some of the most prominent cases decided under the law. Kosseff assesses the law that has facilitated freedom of online speech, trolling, and much more. His keen eye for the law, combined with his background as an award-winning journalist, demystifies a statute that affects all our lives –for good and for ill. While Section 230 may be imperfect and in need of refinement, Kosseff maintains that it is necessary to foster free speech and innovation. For filings from many of the cases discussed in the book and updates about Section 230, visit jeffkosseff.com
We examine the importance of multiple agents’ reputations on the market's reaction to analysts’ stock recommendation revisions (analyst revisions), individually and interactively, in the UK and ...Japanese stock markets. We find some notable variations in reputation effects between the two markets. In the UK, analyst reputation amplifies the market's reaction to analyst revisions, while in Japan, analyst reputation has no significant impact. Firm reputation diminishes (amplifies) the market's reaction to analyst revisions in the UK (Japan). Only CEO reputation generates similar effects in the UK and Japan, dampening the market's reaction to analyst revisions. We also find that reputations interact in different ways in the two markets. Specifically, firm reputation and CEO reputation tend to moderate the positive effect of analyst reputation in the UK; however, in Japan, CEO reputation tends to moderate the positive effect of firm reputation, but there is no significant interaction effect between analyst reputation and CEO/firm reputation. Our findings are explained using insights both from formal economic models and from various cultural and institutional characteristics.
Der Vertrag von Maastricht ist - im Lichte der ursprünglich artikulierten Zielvorstellungen - als Torso zu betrachten: Während die Schaffung einer Europäischen Währungsunion (EWU) in vollem Umfang ...vereinbart wurde, blieben die Bemühungen um substantielle Fortschritte auf dem Wege zu einer Politischen Union Europas in rudimentären Ansätzen stecken. Als (schwacher) Trost blieb Befürwortern einer weitergehenden politischen Integration lediglich die »Zusage« des EU-Vertrags, daß im Jahre 1996 eine Regierungskonferenz zur Revision der Bestimmungen über die Politische Union einberufen wird. Dieses Ereignis - meist nur kurz als »Maastricht II« bezeichnet - nahm der Wirtschaftspolitische Ausschuß des Vereins für Socialpolitik zum Anlaß, sich im Rahmen seiner Sitzung im April 1996 in Fribourg (Schweiz) mit Problemen und Perspektiven einer Weiterentwicklung der Integration Europas zu beschäftigen. Im Gegensatz zur Regierungskonferenz widmete sich der Ausschuß allerdings nicht nur Fragen einer möglichen Fortentwicklung der Politischen Union, sondern auch, ja in besonderem Maße, den Erfolgsaussichten der geplanten Europäischen Währungsunion. Entsprechend wird in diesem Tagungsband ein breites Spektrum von Fragen thematisiert. Es reicht von einem umfassenden Problemaufriß über eine differenzierte Auseinandersetzung mit Chancen und Risiken der EWU bis hin zu einer Prognose der von der Regierungskonferenz zu erwartenden Änderungen der institutionellen Infrastruktur der EU. In ihrer Gesamtheit verdeutlichen diese acht Beiträge nicht nur, wie weit die EU heute noch von einer Politischen Union entfernt ist, die diesen Namen verdient; sie bemühen sich auch um Antworten auf die Frage, welche Wege sich als (nicht) zielführend erweisen dürften.
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