Terrestrial ecosystems export large amounts of organic carbon (t-OC) but the net effect of this OC on the productivity of recipient aquatic ecosystems is largely unknown. In this study of boreal ...lakes, we show that the relative contribution of t-OC to individual top consumer (fish) biomass production, and to most of their potential prey organisms, increased with the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; dominated by t-OC sources) in water. However, the biomass and production of top consumers decreased with increasing concentration of DOC, despite their substantial use (up to 60%) of t-OC. Thus, the results suggest that although t-OC supports individual consumer growth in lakes to a large extent, t-OC input suppresses rather than subsidizes population biomass production.
Context. Near-Earth binary asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 is the current backup target of the ESA MarcoPolo-R mission, selected for the study phase of ESA M3 missions. It is a primitive (C-type) asteroid ...that shows significant variation in its visible and near-infrared spectra. Aims. Here we present new visible and near-infrared spectra of 1996 FG3. We compare our new data with other published spectra, analysing the variation in the spectral slope. The asteroid will not be observable again over the next three years at least. Methods. We obtained visible and near-infrared spectra using DOLORES and NICS instruments, respectively, at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), a 3.6 m telescope located at El Roque de los Muchachos Observatory in La Palma, Spain. To compare with other published spectra of the asteroid, we computed the spectral slope S′, and studied any plausible correlation of this quantity with the phase angle (α). Results. In the case of visible spectra, we find a variation in spectral slope of ΔS′ = 0.15 ± 0.10%/103 Å/° for 3°<α< 18°, which is in good agreement with the values found in the literature for the phase reddening effect. In the case of the near-infrared, there seems to be a trend between the reddening of the spectra and the phase angle, excluding one point. We find a variation in the slope of ΔS′ = 0.04 ± 0.08%/103 Å/° for 6° < α < 51°. Our computed variation in S′ is in good agreement with the only two values found in the literature for the phase reddening in the near-infrared. Conclusions. The variation in the spectral slope of asteroid 1996 FG3 shows a trend with the phase angle at the time of the observations, both in the visible and the near-infrared. It is worth noting that, to fully explain this spectral variability we should take into account other factors, like the position of the secondary component of the binary asteroid 1999 FG3 with respect to the primary, or the spin axis orientation at the time of the observations. More data are necessary for an analysis of this kind.
Wright Mills′ classic The Sociological Imagination has inspired generations of students to study Sociology. However, it is nearly half a century old. What would a book address, aiming to attract and ...inform students today? This book sets the agenda for imagining Sociology in the 21st century.
This book recovers, through public inteventions in agrarian press, the trajectory of few main leaders in the second half of twentieth century: Humberto Volando, of Cordoba who directed the Agrarian ...Federation of Argentina
El libro de Adrián Ascolani y Miguel Catalá recupera, a través de las intervenciones públicas reproducidas en la prensa agraria, la trayectoria gremial de unos de los principales dirigentes de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: Humberto Volando, productor ganadero de la provincia de Córdoba, que tuvo bajo su dirección los destinos de la Federación Agraria Argentina (en adelante, FAA). Podemos afirmar que este aporte se inscribe en una dilatada preocupación de miembros de dicha entidad por relatar los aspectos más sobresalientes de las gestiones de sus líderes.Muchas de estas visiones son institucionalizantes, puesto que contribuyen a fijar la memoria de la entidad y/o exaltar la figura de sus líderes ubicándolos en una suerte de “panteón”
This article disentangles the incentive and entrenchment effects of large ownership. Using data for 1,301 publicly traded corporations in eight East Asian economies, we find that firm value increases ...with the cash-flow ownership of the largest shareholder, consistent with a positive incentive effect. But firm value falls when the control rights of the largest shareholder exceed its cash-flow ownership, consistent with an entrenchment effect. Given that concentrated corporate ownership is predominant in most countries, these findings have relevance for corporate governance across the world.
Context. Near-Earth asteroid (175706) 1996 FG3 is the primary target of the ESA Marco Polo-R mission, which was selected for the assessment study phase of ESA M3 missions. This is a primitive ...(C-type), binary asteroid that will allow new research to be performed. The primary is a rapidly rotating (3.6 h) small asteroid (1.4 km diameter) that is almost spherical and has a satellite of ~400 m. Aims. We analyse new ground-based spectroscopic data of 1996 FG3 to help us characterise its surface composition and prepare for the mission. Methods. We obtained a near-infrared spectrum covering the range 0.8–2.5 μm, using the camera-spectrograph NICS at the 3.6 m telescope TNG (Telescopio Nazionale Galileo), located at “El Roque de los Muchachos” Observatory on La Palma, Spain. We combine our near-infrared spectrum with previously published data, and compare all the available spectra of this asteroid with the spectra of meteorites to constrain the mineralogy of the asteroid. Results. Our spectrum of FG3 differs remarkably from previously published ones. Spectral classification performed using the complete visible and near-infrared range yields more than one result, varying from C to Xk types. However, all the possible spectral types indicate that this asteroid is a primitive object. The comparison with meteorites behaves in the same way, providing several good matches to our new near-infrared spectrum (CM2 carbonaceous chondrite, and L6 and H4 ordinary chondrites), and only one match in the case of the previously published spectra (weakly shocked H4 ordinary chondrite, dark vein). The albedo of the asteroid (~0.04), is typical of a primitive object, and is consistent with the reflectance value at 0.55 μm of the CM2 carbonaceous chondrite. Further observations will be essential to help us characterise more clearly the mineralogy of this asteroid.
We study the short-term impact of Connecticut's Jobs First welfare reform experiment on women's labor supply and welfare participation decisions. A nonparametric optimizing model is shown to restrict ...the set of counterfactual choices compatible with each woman's actual choice. These revealed preference restrictions yield informative bounds on the frequency of several intensive and extensive margin responses to the experiment We find that welfare reform induced many women to work but led some others to reduce their earnings in order to receive assistance. The bounds on this latter "opt-in" effect imply that intensive margin labor supply responses are nontrivial.
Mangroves provide quintessential ecosystem services in Florida, where there are three native mangrove species: red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), black mangrove (Avicennia germinans), and white ...mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa). Mangroves extend from the Florida Keys up to peninsular Florida along the coastlines.They are often removed or trimmed to capitalize on coastal views valued by residents and visitors. To protect mangroves and the ecosystem services they provide, the 1996 Mangrove Trimming and Preservation Act provides management guidance. A literature review about trimming mangroves uncovered that not all species remain healthy after trimming. To minimize the negative impacts of trimming, landowners should carefully consider the amount of biomass removed, trimming frequency and timing, and best trimming techniques for the mangrove species they are managing.
Methods that predict membrane helices have become increasingly useful in the context of analyzing entire proteomes, as well as in everyday sequence analysis. Here, we analyzed 27 advanced and simple ...methods in detail. To resolve contradictions in previous works and to reevaluate transmembrane helix prediction algorithms, we introduced an analysis that distinguished between performance on redundancy‐reduced high‐ and low‐resolution data sets, established thresholds for significant differences in performance, and implemented both per‐segment and per‐residue analysis of membrane helix predictions. Although some of the advanced methods performed better than others, we showed in a thorough bootstrapping experiment based on various measures of accuracy that no method performed consistently best. In contrast, most simple hydrophobicity scale‐based methods were significantly less accurate than any advanced method as they overpredicted membrane helices and confused membrane helices with hydrophobic regions outside of membranes. In contrast, the advanced methods usually distinguished correctly between membrane‐helical and other proteins. Nonetheless, few methods reliably distinguished between signal peptides and membrane helices. We could not verify a significant difference in performance between eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Surprisingly, we found that proteins with more than five helices were predicted at a significantly lower accuracy than proteins with five or fewer. The important implication is that structurally unsolved multispanning membrane proteins, which are often important drug targets, will remain problematic for transmembrane helix prediction algorithms. Overall, by establishing a standardized methodology for transmembrane helix prediction evaluation, we have resolved differences among previous works and presented novel trends that may impact the analysis of entire proteomes.
إن الثورة الجزائرية خالدة في ذاكرة الشعب الجزائري الذي يرى فيها انتصاراته، وحاضره بمواضيعها وألفاظها في الأدب الجزائري نثرا وشعرا. غير أن ترجمة الآثار الأدبية الثورية يتخللها أحيانا بعض الانزياح في ...المعنى، وهو ناتج عن التطويع اللغوي للنص الهدف أو الاستبدال العمدي للألفاظ لتأخذ مجرى نزعة إيديولوجية معينة. وعليه، يرمي هذا المقال لتحديد الفرق بين التطويع والتصرف الإيديولوجي نظريا باعتماد المنهج الوصفي، وإبرازه بالاستعانة بالمنهجين التاريخي والوصفي من خلال دراسة تطبيقية ترتكز على تتبع نُهج ترجمة الثنائية اللفظية (الثوار/ الثورة) الواردة في إصدار مزدوج اللغة لديوان الشاعر أحمد الغوالمي، الشاعر الإصلاحي، بعد التعريف به وبالمدونة.
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