Survey results of colony losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera) have been reported worldwide in recent years. However, there has previously been no large-scale survey reported for China, the largest ...beekeeping country. Here we present the result of a three-year survey from 2010 to 2013, using the standard COLOSS questionnaires. In total, we received 3,090 responses, including 485 from part-time beekeepers, 2,216 from sideline beekeepers, and 389 from commercial beekeepers. Colony losses were low in general (10.1%, 95% CI: 9.5-10.7%), with variations among years (ranging from 8.5 to 12.0%), provinces (ranging from 2.5 to 19.0%), and different sizes of apiaries (ranging from 7.6 to 12.1%). Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the effects of potential risk factors on colony losses. Significant factors are comb renewal, and percentage of colonies with queen problems. Random effects from the models show that variation is large at the beekeeper level, while small at the year level.
I investigated postseismic velocity changes within focal area of the 2013 M7.0 Lushan earthquake using coda-wave data of repeating small earthquakes. I employed template matching and grid search ...methods to identify well-defined repeating earthquakes in order to minimize artifacts induced by variations in source location. I identified a total of 3 isolated patches in a two-month period after the M7.0 mainshock. I applied the coda wave interferometry technique to the waveform data of the identified repeating earthquakes to estimate velocity changes between the first and subsequent events in each cluster. Up to 0.1–0.2% velocity increase is observed from the S coda of repeating events occurred at regions surrounding the large coseismic slip area at seismogenic depths. My observations suggest that a large percent of velocity changes may occur at surface near the stations or shallow, however, healing along the propagation paths in the deep (~5–20km) is likely have contributed to the amount of velocity changes observed after the Lushan earthquake.
•Repeating events for monitoring postseismic velocity changes due to Lushan earthquake.•Up to 0.1–0.2% velocity increase observed immediately after the mainshock.•Healing along the subsurface propagation paths partially explains velocity changes.
The Adoption and Consequences of COSO 2013 Tadesse, Amanuel F.; Rosa, Regina C.; Parker, Robert J.
Accounting horizons,
12/2022, Letnik:
36, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
SYNOPSIS COSO has developed frameworks for firms to improve their internal controls with the objective of reducing fraud and managing enterprise risk. The frameworks are widely used by firms and ...their auditors to comply with the internal control requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). We investigate two issues involving the most recent COSO internal control framework (COSO 2013): the determinants of a firm's decision to adopt it in a timely manner; and the consequences of adoption on internal controls. In our sample, firms that report internal control problems under SOX 404, especially firms with information technology (IT) problems, are likely to be late adopters. Regarding the consequences of adoption, for late adopters, we find that firms using the revised COSO framework have a lower probability of reporting weaknesses in IT-related controls. We also find evidence that COSO 2013 adoption is helpful in remediating internal control weaknesses. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
We conducted a 3-year longitudinal serologic survey on an open cohort of poultry workers, swine workers, and general population controls to assess avian influenza A virus (AIV) seroprevalence and ...seroincidence and virologic diversity at live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Of 964 poultry workers, 9 (0.93%) were seropositive for subtype H7N9 virus, 18 (1.87%) for H9N2, and 18 (1.87%) for H5N1. Of 468 poultry workers followed longitudinally, 2 (0.43%), 13 (2.78%), and 7 (1.5%) seroconverted, respectively; incidence was 1.27, 8.28, and 4.46/1,000 person-years for H7N9, H9N2, and H5N1 viruses, respectively. Longitudinal surveillance of AIVs at 9 LPMs revealed high co-circulation of H9, H7, and H5 subtypes. We detected AIVs in 726 (23.3%) of 3,121 samples and identified a high diversity (10 subtypes) of new genetic constellations and reassortant viruses. These data suggest that stronger surveillance for AIVs within LPMs and high-risk populations is imperative.
InSAR time series data for the 2014–2021 period reveal up to 20 cm of radar line‐of‐sight displacements in the area of the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake northwest of the Hoshab Fault in the ...eastern Makran subduction zone in southwest Pakistan. We show that surface displacements were caused by ∼80 cm of aseismic slip along a 5,500‐km2‐wide subhorizontal patch of the megathrust fault. The corresponding moment is Mw 7.3. The percentage of slip in plate‐perpendicular direction ranges from ∼65% in the northwest to 96% in the southeast. Slip is consistent with shear stress imparted by the 2013 earthquake. The triggered aseismic slip suggests that this section of the megathrust is decoupled. The implication for the seismic potential of the subduction zone is that the megathrust is fully locked to at most 220 km distance from the trench, consistent with the lack of M ≥ 9 earthquakes in the historic record.
Plain Language Summary
The 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake was one of the worldwide largest earthquakes that occurred in the upper plate of a subduction zone within an accretionary prism. Using 2014–2021 InSAR data, we explore the post‐seismic deformation mechanism. We find that post‐seismic deformation is caused by widespread aseismic slip along the megathrust, induced by the static stress change imparted by the Balochistan earthquake. The detection of aseismic slip has implications for the seismic potential of the megathrust.
Key Points
The 2013 Mw 7.7 earthquake caused widespread aseismic slip along the megathrust
Moment released by aseismic slip along megathrust corresponds to an Mw 7.3 earthquake
Eastern Makran megathrust fault is locked to at most 220 km distance from the trench but not along the entire seismogenic width
Background. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with poor survival when diagnosed late. There are important differences in clinical and histological features of melanoma and disease outcomes in ...people with darker skin types.Methods. A retrospective review of data captured by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) of South Africa (SA) was performed for 2005 - 2013. Data on patient numbers, demography, location and biological features were analysed for all records. Closer analysis of melanoma of the limbs reported in black Africans was done after manually collecting this information from original reports.Results. With 11 784 invasive melanomas reported to the NCR, the overall incidence of melanoma for SA was 2.7 per 100 000. Males (51%), individuals aged ≥60 years (48%) and the anatomical sites of lower limb (36%) and trunk (27%) were most commonly affected. Melanoma incidences in the white and black populations were 23.2 and 0.5 per 100 000, respectively. Most cases were diagnosed at private pathology laboratories (73%). Superficial spreading melanoma (47%) and nodular melanoma (20%) predominated. Among 878 black Africans diagnosed in the public sector with melanoma of the limbs, females (68%) and individuals aged ≥60 years (61%) were most commonly affected. Lower-limb lesions (91%) and acral lentiginous melanoma (65%) predominated, with 74% of cases affecting the foot and 62% of cases presenting with a Breslow depth >4 mm.Conclusions. This study provides up-to-date NCR incidence and demographic data on melanoma and highlights the neglected research gaps in relation to melanoma in black Africans to provide evidence needed to address health disparities in overlooked population groups.
The physical mechanism of deep earthquakes (depth >300 km) remains enigmatic, partly because their rupture dimensions are difficult to estimate due to their low aftershock productivity and absence of ...geodetic or surface rupture observations. The two largest deep earthquakes, the recent Great 2013 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake (M 8.3, depth 607 km) and the Great 1994 Bolivia earthquake (M 8.3, depth 637 km), together provide a unique opportunity to compare their rupture patterns in detail. Here we extend a travel-time sub-event location method to perform full teleseismic P-waveform inversion. This new method allows us to explain the observed broadband records with a set of sub-events whose model parameters are robustly constrained without smoothing. We find that while the Okhotsk event is mostly unilateral, rupturing 90 km along strike with a velocity over 4 km/s, the Bolivia earthquake ruptured about half this distance at a slow velocity (about 1.5 km/s) and displayed a major change in rupture direction. We explain the observed differences between the two earthquakes as resulting from two fundamentally different faulting mechanisms in slabs with different thermal states. Phase transformational faulting is inferred to occur inside the metastable olivine wedge within cold slab cores whereas shear melting occurs inside warm slabs once triggered.
Background:
The analytical quality of a blood glucose monitoring system (BGMS) is often assessed according to the requirements described in the international standard ISO 15197. However, the mean ...absolute relative difference (MARD) is sometimes used as well. This analysis aims at providing empirical data from BGMS evaluation studies conducted according to ISO 15197 and at providing an estimation of how MARD and percentage of measurement results within ISO accuracy limits are related.
Methods:
Results of 77 system accuracy evaluations conducted according to ISO 15197 were used to calculate MARD between BGMS and a laboratory comparison method’s results (glucose oxidase or hexokinase method). Additionally, bias and 95%-limits of agreement (LoA) using the Bland and Altman method were calculated.
Results:
MARD results ranged from 2.3% to 20.5%. The lowest MARD of a test strip lot that showed <95% of results within ISO limits was 6.1%. The distribution of MARD results shows that only 3.6% of test strip lots with a MARD equal to or below 7% showed <95% of results within ISO limits (2.2% of all test strip lots). Bias of test strip lots that showed ≥95% of results within the limits ranged from −10.3% to +7.4%. The half-width of the 95%-LoA of test strip lots that showed ≥95% of results within the limits ranged from 4.8% to 24.0%.
Conclusion:
There is a threshold MARD that may allow an estimate whether ISO 15197 requirements are fulfilled, but this statement cannot be made with certainty.
ABSTRACT
The European summer of 2013 was characterized by very high temperatures that established a new historical maximum in Austria. The extremity of this summer in Europe is assessed based on the ...E‐OBS and ECA&D data sets. At the continental scale, it is ranked as the fifth warmest summer since 1951, with large positive temperature anomalies over Central Europe. According to seasonal heat wave characteristics, the 2013 summer was unprecedented in Kremsmuenster and Graz (both Austria) and ranked as the second or third at other stations with at least 100 years of measurements in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia and Slovenia. The most intense 2013 heat wave over Central Europe in early August was driven primarily by anticyclonic conditions and was probably amplified by the preceding precipitation deficit. In combination with major flooding in the Danube and Elbe river basins in early June and severe convective storms at the end of July, the hot 2013 summer in Central Europe may represent an analogue of a future summer climate that will probably be more prone to both temperature and precipitation extremes.
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