Our knowledge of the top management team (TMT) and board interface in the context of major strategic decisions remains limited. Drawing upon the strategic leadership system perspective (SLSP) and the ...interface approach, we argue that the two groups constitute a strategic‐oriented multiteam system and consider how supplementary (similarity) and complementary (interacting variety) congruence of international and functional backgrounds influence strategic decision‐making. Looking at the internationalization decisions of the largest public firms in the UK, we find that complementary congruence of international backgrounds and supplementary congruence of functional experience promote the pursuit of new market entries. We extend the SLSP by showing how the cognitive TMT–board interface dynamics associated with supplementary and complementary congruence are important antecedents of strategic outcomes. Further, we find a boundary condition to the interface approach in strategic leadership research by identifying the underlying mechanisms that activate some TMT–board interfaces and not others.
Melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. There is broad ...interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. Therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and private sector personnel from around the world was convened to discuss the current state of melioidosis diagnostics, diagnostic needs, and future directions.
We present an analysis of new and published data on P/2013 R3, the first asteroid detected while disintegrating. Thirteen discrete components are measured in the interval between UT 2013 October 01 ...and 2014 February 13. We determine a mean, pair-wise velocity dispersion among these components of Δv = 0.33 0.03 m s−1 and find that their separation times are staggered over an interval of ∼5 months. Dust enveloping the system has, in the first observations, a cross-section of ∼30 km2 but fades monotonically at a rate consistent with the action of radiation pressure sweeping. The individual components exhibit comet-like morphologies and also fade except where secondary fragmentation is accompanied by the release of additional dust. We find only upper limits to the radii of any embedded solid nuclei, typically ∼100-200 m (geometric albedo 0.05 assumed). Combined, the components of P/2013 R3 would form a single spherical body with a radius of m, which is our best estimate of the size of the precursor object. The observations are consistent with rotational disruption of a weak (cohesive strength of ∼50 to 100 N m−2) parent body, ∼400 m in radius. Estimated radiation (YORP) spin-up times of this parent are , shorter than the collisional lifetime. If present, water ice sublimating at as little as 10−3 kg s−1 could generate a torque on the parent body rivaling the YORP torque. Under conservative assumptions about the frequency of similar disruptions, the inferred asteroid debris production rate is 103 kg s−1, which is at least 4% of the rate needed to maintain the Zodiacal Cloud.
•SOHO SWAN obtained 885 images of H Lyman-α 9 dynamically new and long period comets.•Water production rates were calculated for all comets.•Pre- and post-perihelion activity variations were ...characterized for each comet.•Comet C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) showed evidence of massive shedding and sublimation of nucleus material around perihelion.•It is estimated that C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) lost ∼64% of its original mass.
Nine recently discovered long-period comets were observed by the Solar Wind Anisotropies (SWAN) Lyman-alpha all-sky camera on board the Solar and Heliosphere Observatory (SOHO) satellite during the period of 2013 to 2016. These were C/2012 K1 (PanSTARRS), C/2013 US10 (Catalina), C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden), C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy), C/2014 E2 (Jacques), C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy), C/2015 G2 (MASTER), C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS) and C/2013 XI (PanSTARRS). Of these 9 comets 6 were long-period comets and 3 were possibly dynamically new. Water production rates were calculated from each of the 885 images using our standard time-resolved model that accounts for the whole water photodissociation chain, exothermic velocities and collisional escape of H atoms. For most of these comets there were enough observations over a broad enough range of heliocentric distances to calculate power-law fits to the variation of production rate with heliocentric distances for pre- and post-perihelion portions of the orbits. Comet C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS), with a perihelion distance of only ∼0.3 AU, showed the most unusual variation of water production rate with heliocentric distance and the resulting active area variation, indicating that when the comet was within 0.7 AU its activity was dominated by the continuous release of icy grains and chunks, greatly increasing the active sublimation area by more than a factor of 10 beyond what it had at larger heliocentric distances. A possible interpretation suggests that a large fraction of the comet's mass was lost during the apparition.
Abstract
Global knowledge flows are not only important in promoting economic activities but also in addressing global environmental issues. In order to examine the mechanisms of how firms in emerging ...economies can learn from global partners in finding solutions to environmental challenges, we explore a rich data set covering nearly 190,595 Chinese firms and analyze the knowledge flows that local firms received from foreign firms in developing eco-innovations. We examine both knowledge flows in the same industry and those in the up- and down-stream industries, and, in particular, provide a nuanced consideration around the under-explored industrial conditions and regional institutions of technology spillovers and domestic eco-innovation. We find clear evidence that foreign green technology spillovers have a positive impact on the eco-innovation of domestic firms in China. This superior performance is particularly pronounced in certain industries (e.g., technology-intensive, pollution-intensive, and highly competitive) and cities with higher levels of environmental regulation stringency. Our results show that domestic firms differ significantly in the extent to which they benefit from global knowledge flows.
I study the overstatement of economic growth in autocracies by comparing self-reported GDP figures to night-time light recorded by satellites from outer space. I show that the night-time-light ...elasticity of GDP is larger in authoritarian regimes, even accounting for differences in multiple country characteristics. This autocracy gradient in the elasticity is greater when the incentive to exaggerate economic growth is stronger or when the constraints on exaggeration are weaker. The results suggest that autocracies overstate yearly GDP growth by approximately 35%. Adjusting the data for manipulation leads to a more nuanced view on the recent economic success of autocracies.
•We located 2330 landslides triggered by the Minxian–Zhangxian earthquake.•Most of the landslides are small-scale falls, slides, and topples on loess scarps.•The landslides were correlated with ...topographic, lithology, and seismic parameters.•The spatial distribution of the landslides may controlled by a branch of the LD fault.
On July 22, 2013, an earthquake of Ms. 6.6 occurred at the junction area of Minxian and Zhangxian counties, Gansu Province, China. This earthquake triggered many landslides of various types, dominated by small-scale soil falls, slides, and topples on loess scarps. There were also a few deep-seated landslides, large-scale soil avalanches, and fissure-developing slopes. In this paper, an inventory of landslides triggered by this event is prepared based on field investigations and visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images. The spatial distribution of the landslides is then analyzed. The inventory indicates that at least 2330 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A correlation statistics of the landslides with topographic, geologic, and earthquake factors is performed based on the GIS platform. The results show that the largest number of landslides and the highest landslide density are at 2400m–2600m of absolute elevation, and 200m–300m of relative elevation, respectively. The landslide density does not always increase with slope gradient as previously suggested. The slopes most prone to landslides are in S, SW, W, and NW directions. Concave slopes register higher landslide density and larger number of landslides than convex slopes. The largest number of landslides occurs on topographic position with middle slopes, whereas the highest landslide density corresponds to valleys and lower slopes. The underlying bedrocks consisting of conglomerate and sandstone of Lower Paleogene (Eb) register both the largest number and area of landslides and the highest landslide number and area density values. Correlations of landslide number and landslide density with perpendicular- and along-strike distance from the epicenter show an obvious spatial intensifying character of the co-seismic landslides. The spatial pattern of the co-seismic landslides is strongly controlled by a branch of the Lintan-Dangchang fault, which indicates the effect of seismogenic fault on co-seismic landslides. In addition, the area affected by landslides related to the earthquake is compared to the relationship of “area affected by landslides vs. earthquake magnitude” constructed based on earthquakes worldwide, and it is shown that the area affected by landslides triggered by the Minxian–Zhangxian earthquake is larger than that of almost all other events with similar magnitudes.
The Chuan-Dian block is one of the most seismically active regions in China. However, its western boundary – Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault is an exception, which had maintained nearly 65-year hiatus in ...major seismic activity until 2013. Recently, several moderate earthquakes (MS 5.0– 6.4) have successively occurred near the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault, attracting attention from the public. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis for the 2013 MS 5.5 Eryuan earthquake sequence that occurred ~20 km southwest of the Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. We integrate a machine-learning-based earthquake detection and location workflow and a template matching technique to derive 749 high-precision earthquakes directly from continuous streams of raw seismic data. These aftershocks started from NE of the mainshock, then bilaterally expanded towards SE and NW directions, and eventually activated a SE-trending complex fault structure with ~18 km length. We also use a waveform-based inversion algorithm to calculate the focal mechanisms of the mainshock and its relatively large aftershocks, resulting in four predominantly normal-faulting events and seven strike-slip events, which further illuminate the 2013 Eryuan sequence was accommodated by a strike-slip fault system separated by extensional stepover zones. In addition, we identify six repeating earthquake doublets in the aftershock sequence, implying that some aftershocks of the MS 5.5 Eryuan mainshock may be driven by afterslip.
•We detect and locate 749 high-precision earthquakes for the 2013 Eryuan MS 5.5 earthquake sequence.•The newly developed earthquake catalog reveals a SE-trending fault system separated by extensional stepovers.•We identify six repeating earthquake pairs, implying some aftershocks may be driven by afterslip.
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