Candida auris is an emerging yeast that causes healthcare-associated infections. It can be misidentified by laboratories and often is resistant to antifungal medications. We describe an outbreak of ...C. auris infections in healthcare facilities in New York City, New York, USA. The investigation included laboratory surveillance, record reviews, site visits, contact tracing with cultures, and environmental sampling. We identified 51 clinical case-patients and 61 screening case-patients. Epidemiologic links indicated a large, interconnected web of affected healthcare facilities throughout New York City. Of the 51 clinical case-patients, 23 (45%) died within 90 days and isolates were resistant to fluconazole for 50 (98%). Of screening cultures performed for 572 persons (1,136 total cultures), results were C. auris positive for 61 (11%) persons. Environmental cultures were positive for samples from 15 of 20 facilities. Colonization was frequently identified during contact investigations; environmental contamination was also common.
This research was based on varieties textbook circulating in learning. The method used in this research is descriptive research method, by analyzing the book "English" Semester 1 published by the ...Ministry of Education and Culture, English Language Book Revised 2017. The instrument used by the researcher was the Assessment rubric from the National Education Standards Agency Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (BSNP) and Documentation. The data were analyzed by using the conformity tabulation of the BSNP rubric and the range category in percentage form. The results of this study indicate that the total percentage obtained is 93.75% and is included in the Good category. This total percentage is obtained from the score on Material Completeness in 5 chapters getting a score of 4 or reaching 95% of the completeness of the material and 1 chapter getting a score of 1 or less than 95% of the completeness of the material. The in-depth score obtained in 5 chapters gets a score of 4 or 95% of the specified in-depth and 1 chapter gets a score of 1 or less than the specified 95% in-depth. The percentage assessment on the Social Function from Chapters 1-6 gets a score of 6 or reaches 95% of the social function provisions of the BSNP. The percentage value of Generic Structure here is 5 chapters getting a score of 4 or meeting 95% of the Generic Structure standards available in the BSNP rubric and 1 chapter getting a score of 1 or the achievement of Generic Structure is less than 95%, the percentage results from Linguistic Features in all the subjects studied are from the chapter 1-6 get a score of 4 or the percentage of achievement from Linguistic Features reaches 95%. The percentage achievement for Supporting Materials has 3 assessment points, namely Relevance, Development of Life Skills and Development of Diversity Insight. Here in chapters 1-6 each gets a score of 4 or reaches 95% of each category. So based on the results that have been examined in this study, the percentage category of achievement of this book is included in the Good category.
Candi Borobudur merupakan candi Buddha terbesar di dunia dan diakui sebagai salah satu warisan budaya yang dilindungi oleh United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). ...Sebagai salah satu realisasi pemeliharaan Candi Borobudur dilakukan pemantauan stabilitas Candi Borobudur melalui pengukuran yang dilakukan secara periodik setiap tahun sejak 1983. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, pemantauan stabilitias candi dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan system cerdas. Untuk itu diperkenalkan Sistem Cerdas Candi Borobudur. Sistem Cerdas Candi Borobudur menggunakan Robotic Total Station (RTS) untuk pemantauan deformasi secara real-time. Untuk mendukung pemantauan stabilitas candi menggunakan (RTS) perlu dilakukan pendefinisian jaring kontrol pemantauan sistem cerdas ke dalam datum Sistem Referensi Geospasial Indonesia (SRGI) 2013. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pendefinisian jaring kontrol pemantauan yang berada di halaman Candi Borobudur ke dalam datum SRGI 2013. Pendefinisian dilakukan dengan pengamatan Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) metode statik pada 7 November 2019 date of year (doy) 311 selama ± 6 jam dengan sampling-rate 30 detik dan mask angle 15°. Pengolahan data pengamatan GNSS dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Spectra Precision GeoGenius dan 4 titik Continuously Operating Reference System (CORS) Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) CKBM, CMGL, JOGS, dan CSLO sebagai titik ikat. Analisis penentuan kelas dan orde mengacu Standar Nasional Indonesia Jaring Kontrol Horizontal (SNI JKH). Hasil dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan berupa 9 titik jaring kontrol pemantauan sistem cerdas yang telah terdefinisi dengan baik terhadap 4 titik CORS BIG dengan ketelitian berkisar dari 4 mm s.d. 13 mm. Penentuan kelas yang dilakukan menggunakan hasil perataan jaring bebas dengan 1 titik ikat. Orde dari jaring ditentukan dari hasil perataan jaring terikat dengan 4 titik kontrol yang terdistribusi pada 4 kuadran. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa jarring dikualifikasi sebagai kelas 2A dan orde 1. Pemantauan sistem cerdas menggunkan RTS sudah dapat dilakukan dengan mengacu pada koordinat titik-titik jaring pemantauan yang sudah diperoleh.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 22 SP5 Manis Raya tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 24 orang siswa. ...Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Survei. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan jenis wawancara tersruktur. Alat pengumpulan data berupa lembar wawancara dan dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian ini berdasarkan nilai rata-rata siswa kelas V SD Negeri 22 SP.5 Manis Raya dengan siswa 24 orang dimana terdiri dari 9 orang siswa laki-laki dan 15 orang siswi perempuan, berdasarkan jenis kelamin dapat dilihat bahwa siswi perempuan lebih unggul dari pada siswa laki-laki baik itu dalam nilai pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Adapun yang menjadi faktor pendukung hasil belajar siswa adalah(1) dukungan dari orang tua, (2) menggunakan media seadanya, (3) selalu mengelola kelas sebelum memulai pembelajaran, (4) melakukan KKG setiap bulan. Dalam mengajar guru-guru di SDN 22 SP.5 Manis Raya menggunakan media apa adanya tergantung dari materi apa yang disampaikan dan guru-guru pun mengajak siswa keluar dari kelas dan mengajar dengan media seadanya, agar siswa tidak merasa bosan belajar didalam kelas.. Upaya untuk mengatasi hambatan hasil belajar siswa adalah (1) guru memamfaatkan sarana dan prasarana yang ada dilingkungan,(2) melakukan pendekatan kepada siswa,(3) memahami karakter setiap siswa, dan ) dan(4) di akhir pembelajaran guru selalu memberikan evaluasi kepada siswa tentang apa yang telah dipelajari.
Purpose: This study aimed to develop a screening tool based on a risk scoring approach that could identify individuals at high risk for hypertension in Shanghai, China. Methods: A total of 3147 ...respondents from the 2013 Shanghai Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were randomly divided into the derivation group and validation group. The coefficients obtained from multivariable logistic regression were used to assign a score to each variable category. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to find the optimal cut-off point and to evaluate the screening performance. Results: Age, family history of hypertension, having diabetes, having dyslipidemia, body mass index, and having abdominal obesity contributed to the risk score. The area under the ROC curve was 0.817 (95% CI: 0.797-0.836). The optimal cut-off value of 20 had a sensitivity of 83.4%, and a specificity of 64.3%, demonstrating good performance. Conclusion: We developed a simple and valid screening tool to identify individuals at risk for hypertension. Early detection could be beneficial for high-risk groups to better manage their conditions and delay the progression of hypertension and related complications. Keywords: Eastern China, high-risk population, hypertension, risk scoring method, screening tool
Abstract
Relatedness has often been shown to have a central role in regional diversification. Knowledge flows between related industries are an important source of innovation, leading to industry ...growth and the establishment of new industries. Earlier studies have focused on dynamic diversification into new industries, but in this study, we emphasize static diversification, that is, changes in the balance between existing industries in a region. We use linked employer–employee data from Denmark and construct a range of measures at the level of regional industries. The role of relatedness in static diversification 2008–2013 is then analyzed based on industry characteristics in 2008. We find that relatedness plays a more important role in regions that are either spatially peripheral or economically non-peripheral, while relatedness has no relationship to static diversification on average. In addition to the empirical result, we contribute by comparing indices of relatedness, suggesting an alternative employment-weighted index, and conceptualizing relatedness as itself a disparity dimension of diversity. We finally ask how static and dynamic diversification affect disparity. We find that human capital intensity plays an important role in the link between diversification and the evolution of disparity.
이 글의 목적은 인도의 기업환경과 기업문화를 CSR 측면에서 살펴보는 데에 있다. 구체적으로는, 인도 사회가 기업들에 대해 어떤 역할을 요구해 왔는지, 그리고 최근 이러한 추세는어떤방향으로나아가고있는지를 최근 논의되고 있는 “기업의 사회적 책임(CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility)”이란 측면에서 살펴본다. 먼저 이를 위한 ...배경으로 과거의인도기업들에서 현대적 의미의 CSR에 해당하는 활동이 이미 존재했음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 역사적 배경 위에 확립된 인도기업들의 문화를 CSR 측면에서 살펴보게 되면, 대체적으로경제개혁 이전(독립 이후부터 1990년)과 이후(1991년-2013년)로 나누어 살펴볼 수 있다.
우선 인도에서는 전통적으로 기업인들과 부유층에 의한 자선 활동과 사회 활동의 사례들이 나타나고 있다. 이러한 노력들은 주로 교육, 의료, 빈곤 완화와 같은 분야에 집중되었다.
따라서 인도에서는 오늘날의 CSR에 해당하는 기업들의 활동들이 활발하게 전개되었음을 알수 있다. 1947년 인도가 독립한 이후 인도 정부는 사회경제 발전을 목적으로 하는 다양한정책과 프로그램을 도입하였다. 그러나 이 시기의 기업 활동은 주로 수익 동기에 의해 이루어졌다. 이 과정에서 일부 PSU는 기업 이니셔티브의 일부로서 사회 복지 프로그램과 지역사회 개발 활동을 시작하였다. 그러나 인도에서 CSR이 본격적으로 나타나기 시작한 것은1990년대부터 시작된 인도 경제의 자유화라 할 수 있다. 세계화, 다각화의 진행과 경제 개혁으로 기업 환경에 중대한 변화가 나타나면서 인도 기업들은 기업 지배구조와 사회적 책임에 더 집중하기 시작하였다. 새로운 형태의 기업참여가 나타났으며 더 진전된 형태로 나타났다. 2013년 회사법의 제정은 인도 CSR 발전과정에서 가장 중요한 이정표가 되었다. 이 법은 특정 기업이 자신의 수익 일부를 CSR 활동에 지출하는 것을 의무화하였다. 이 법에서는자격을 갖춘 기업은 직전 3개 사업연도 평균 순이익의 2% 이상을 CSR에 할당하도록 규정하고 있다.
결론적으로 인도의 기업들은 비즈니스 목표에 부합하면서 긍정적인 사회 및 환경 결과를극대화하기 위해 CSR 전략을 지속적으로 발전시키려고 노력하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이의배경에는 과거부터 내려온 기업을 둘러싼 사회적 환경과 함께 인도 정부의 정책적 노력과 법제정 등이 크게 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 인도 진출을 준비하는 우리 기업들 또한 CSR에 대한 인도 정부의 정책과 법, 제도 뿐 아니라 기업에 대한 인도 사회의 인식에세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 의미하는 것이다. The purpose of this article is to examine the corporate environment and culture in India from the perspective of CSR. Specifically, it explores what role Indian society has demanded of companies and how this trend is evolving in the recent discussions on “Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).” The cultural aspects of Indian companies examined through the lens of CSR can broadly be divided into three periods: ancient times (from ancient times to India’s independence in 1947), pre-globalization era (from 1947 to 1990), and post-globalization era (from 1991 to 2013).
First, in ancient times, while the formal concept of CSR was not documented or recognized, there were instances of philanthropic and social activities by Indian businesses and the affluent class. These efforts mainly focused on areas such as education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation.
Secondly, in the pre-globalization era, since India’s independence in 1947, the Indian government introduced various policies and programs aimed at socio-economic development. However, structured CSR as a concept was not acknowledged, and business activities were primarily driven by profit motives. In the 1970s and 1980s, India underwent significant socio-economic changes, including the nationalization of industries and the emergence of public sector undertakings (PSUs). Some PSUs initiated social welfare programs and local community development activities as part of their corporate initiatives.
Third, in the post-globalization era, starting from the 1990s with the liberalization of the Indian economy, significant changes occurred in the business environment. As globalization and diversification progressed, economic reforms increased, prompting Indian companies to focus more on corporate governance and social responsibility. Charitable activities since 2000 have seen new forms of participation, continuing and evolving over time.
Fourth, the enactment of the Companies Act in 2013 marked a significant milestone in the development of CSR in India. This law mandated certain companies to allocate a portion of their profits to CSR activities. Qualified companies are required to allocate at least 2% of their average net profits from the preceding three financial years to CSR.
In conclusion, Indian companies are continuously striving to develop CSR strategies to maximize positive social and environmental outcomes while aligning with business objectives. This reflects the influence of India’s socio-environmental landscape over the years, along with the policy efforts and legislative enactments by the Indian government. It signifies the need for careful attention from our companies preparing to enter India, not only to the government’s policies and laws regarding CSR but also to the perception of companies by Indian society. KCI Citation Count: 0
This paper studies the role of ambiguity and managerial ability in firm growth options from the perspective of behavioural theory. We argue that managerial ability increases both the identification ...and exploitation of growth options opportunities, but ambiguity reduces strategic growth options value as a result of information incompleteness and non‐Bayesian behaviour. Using a dataset of all US‐listed firms, we test the joint effects of ambiguity and managerial ability on growth options value after controlling for standard determinants and endogeneity. The results indicate that ambiguity has a negative effect on growth options value, while ability has a positive effect. We also find that the negative association between ambiguity and growth options is less pronounced with higher managerial ability. These findings underscore the importance of firm heterogeneity in the identification, exercise, and management of strategic and innovative real options opportunities. The paper's contribution provides relevant management insights into the behavioural antecedents of real options at the firm level as well as highlights that managerial and behavioural characteristics are important determinants of growth options value.
To estimate the current cancer burden in Korea, cancer incidence and mortality rates were projected for the year 2013.
Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2010 were obtained from the Korea National ...Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2011 were obtained from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence in 2013 was projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer incidence rates against observed years, then multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. For cancer mortality, a similar procedure was used, except that a Joinpoint regression model was used to determine at which year the linear trend changed significantly.
In total, 247,732 new cancer cases and 74,179 cancer deaths are projected to occur in Korea in 2013. For all sites combined, the crude incidence rates are projected to be 489.8 and 492.2, and the age-standardized incidences to be 350.4 and 318.4 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively.
Cancer has become an important public health concern in Korea, and as the Korean population ages, the cancer burden will continue to increase.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Kurikulum 2013 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Tema Empat Sehat Itu Penting yang dilakukan di Kelas V SD Swasta St. Antonius V Medan Tahun ...Pembelajaran 2019/2020. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh seluruh siswa kelas V SD Swasta St. Antonius V Medan yang berjumlah 127 siswa. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel purposive sampling, peneliti memilih kelas VB yang berjumlah sebanyak 43 siswa sebagai sampel. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif sejenis survey. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif jenis untuk menguji hipotesis maka peneliti menggunakan teknik hipotesis uji t. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang dilakukan peneliti dengan uij hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa kurikulum 2013 memiliki rata-rata 89,046 dengan kategori tinggi dan hasil belajar memiliki 83,37, dengan kategori sangat tinggi hal ini didukung dengan hasil pengujian hipotesis uji t dimana nilai thitung ttabel yaitu 5,946 1,681. Maka dengan demikian Ha diterima yaitu ada hubungan yang signifikan antar hubungan kurikulum 2013 terhadap hasil belajar siswa di kelas V SD Swasta Santo Antonius V Medan Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020.
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