Oligohydramnios, defined as when the AFI is less than 5. Definition of increased or decreased amniotic fluid volume are based on sonographic criteria. Oligohydramnios complicates approximately 1 to ...2% of pregnancies Amniotic fluid provides the cushion effect against the constricting confines of the gravid uterus. It creates space and helps in musculoskeletal development of foetus, helps in normal fetal lung development and prevents compression of umbilical cord, placenta and hence protects the foetus from vascular and nutritional compromises. Oligohydramnios is associated with high risk adverse perinatal outcome like fetal distress, meconium aspiration, low APGAR, joint contracture, pulmonary hypoplasia etc., and associated with maternal morbidity in the form of increased rates of induction and/or operative interference. This study is conducted to find out the effects of oligohydramnios in determining the obstetric and perinatal outcome.
To study, 1) Primary outcome- Obstetric outcome in terms of mode of delivery, indication for operative interference. 2) Secondary outcome- Neonatal outcome in terms of birth weight, Apgar score, colour of liquor, admissions to NICU.
This is a prospective observational study conducted on 80 patients presenting to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at KIMS hospital, Bengaluru from January 2019 to June 2020 who were diagnosed with oligohydramnios with intact membranes with AFI<5cms using sonographic criteria.
A total of 80 cases of Isolated Oligohydramnios were assessed. 38.7% cases delivered vaginally, 61.2% of cases underwent Cesarean section, 15% had meconium stained liquor, 15% had APGAR score of <7 at 1 minute, 42.5% had birth weight <2.5kgs and 37.5% of babies required NICU admissions.
The present study was conducted to know the fetomaternal outcome in pregnancies with oligohydramnios. The study showed oligohydramnios was associated with higher rates of induction and Cesarean section and associated with Low birth weight babies.
Nanosized zeolite molecular sieves are increasingly explored for developing high-performance nanocomposite membranes, mainly because of their ordered pore structures and remarkable thermal stability. ...In this study, hierarchical nanosized aluminophosphate molecular sieves AlPO-5 (AFI) were synthesized as functional fillers to construct thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. Nanosized AlPO-5 was effectively positioned onto porous polysulfone supports via a filtration-assisted method, followed by in situ interfacial polymerization to construct a polyamide layer atop the modified supports. The synthesized nanosized AlPO-5 crystals have both intrinsic micropores and abundant intracrystalline mesopores. SEM and AFM analyses reveal that the introduction of AlPO-5 not only enhanced the surface roughness of TFN membranes with valley-shaped surface but also substantially decreased the thickness of a polyamide layer compared to nodular-shaped TFC membranes. These differences are mainly ascribed to retarded piperazine diffusion and positioned AlPO-5 nanoaggregates. The role of AlPO-5 loading in overall separation performance of TFN membranes was studied. The best-performing TFN membranes showed the highest water permeability of 23.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, nearly twice that of unmodified TFC membranes, while maintaining a high salt rejection of 97.5%. The thickened and roughened polyamide layer with reduced transport resistance as well as intrinsic abundant mesopores of AlPO-5 fillers mainly contribute to the enhanced water transport. This study highlights the usage of hierarchical zeolite molecular sieves to fabricate high-permeable polyamide membranes for elevated nanofiltration performance.
Nanosized AlPO-5 that features intrinsic micropores and abundant intracrystalline mesopores was utilized for fabricating thin-film nanocomposite membranes with rapid water transport for elevated nanofiltration performance. Display omitted
•New TFN membranes were fabricated by introducing AlPO-5 fillers via IP reaction.•The presence of AlPO-5 increases the surface roughness and surface hydrophilicity.•AlPO-5 modified membranes have a higher MWCO and lower crosslinking degree.•TFN membranes have markedly increased water flux with comparable salt rejection.
The Role of Indomethacin in Isolated Polyhydramnios Greeshma Singham1 , Achanta Vivekanand2 , Satyaprabha Siripurapu2 , SubhaRanjan Samantaray2
Perspectives in medical research,
08/2020, Letnik:
8, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Objective: To study the role of Indomethacin in patients with Idiopathic Polyhydramnios who were symptomatic. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, ...Karimnagar from September 2017 to May 2019. Eighteen patients with Idiopathic Polyhydramnios who presented with respiratory embarrassment, premature opening of os or presence of uterine activity were given Indomethacin orally at a dose of 25mg 6th hourly. The significance of changes in AFI was tested by paired t test. Results : There was significant improvement in the symptoms in all the eighteen patients. The mean age of the patients in our study was 26.4±5.5 years. The majority 14(77.7%) of women were multigravida. Mean gestational age at presentation was 30.78±1.56 weeks. Mean AFI at presentation was 31.56±3.68 cm. Indomethacin was given orally at a dose of 25mg, every 6th hourly for a mean duration of 22.5±6.38 days. Mean AFI at the end of treatment was 20.28±5.64 cm. Pregnancy was prolonged by an average of 5.5±1.89 weeks. The difference in AFI at the end of treatment was statistically significant (p<0.05). Oligohydramnios was seen in one patient. Mean gestational age at delivery was 36.28±1.41 weeks. 17(94.4%) of them had good neonatal outcome. There was one neonatal death at< 7 days of birth. Conclusion: Indomethacin significantly decreases amniotic fluid volume in patients with Idiopathic Polyhydramnios and relieves symptoms but close surveillance is necessary
Image enhancement endoscopy techniques, such as linked color imaging (LCI) and autofluorescence imaging (AFI), have shown promise in diagnosing mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis (UC). ...However, no studies have directly compared the diagnostic efficacy of LCI and AFI. This prospective observational study aimed to compare their diagnostic accuracy for histological healing in UC.
This study included 81 UC patients, resulting in a total of 204 endoscopic images captured using LCI and AFI, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients assessed the correlation between LCI and AFI coloration and Geboes histopathology score (GHS). Six endoscopists, who were blinded to clinicopathological features, evaluated these images, and subsequently, the diagnostic accuracy was evaluated.
Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between LCI index, AFI index (reverse gamma value), and GHS were 0.324 and -0.428, respectively (P < 0.001), indicating a significant correlation between LCI and AFI coloration and histological healing. In LCI and AFI classifications, mean values for diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 76.3 ± 2.2 versus 77.8 ± 2.7, 91.8 ± 4.0 versus 83.2 ± 7.6, 53.4 ± 10.0 versus 70.0 ± 5.3, 74.0 ± 3.5 versus 80.0 ± 1.6, and 82.9 ± 5.2 versus 75.5 ± 7.5, respectively. No significant difference in diagnostic accuracy existed between LCI and AFI classifications. However, LCI displayed higher sensitivity than AFI while AFI showed higher specificity compared with LCI (P < 0.05).
LCI and AFI offer comparable diagnostic accuracy for histological healing. Clinically, it is necessary to recognize diagnostic features characterized by higher sensitivity in LCI and greater specificity in AFI.
Recent progress on intelligent fault diagnosis is mainly attributed to the explosive development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Many existing CNN-based fault diagnosis models can extract ...abundant features from the measured vibration signals but cannot explore enough discriminative features under strong noise conditions. This poses a challenge for industrial applications. To address this problem, we develop a new deep CNN model, called a multireceptive field denoising residual convolutional network (MF-DRCN). The major contributions are: a multireceptive field denoising (MFD) block is designed to enhance the deep features extracted by the CNN model and filter out the interference feature information; an adaptive feature integration (AFI) module is embedded in the CNN model to adaptively integrate features, so as to make better use of the extracted information; and an end-to-end CNN model called MF-DRCN is developed based on MFD and AFI. The experimental results demonstrate that the MF-DRCN has better feature extraction and antiinterference capabilities than the other seven competitive methods. Specifically, under strong noise conditions with SNR = −6 dB, the MF-DRCN achieves 84.51% and 86.45% diagnostic accuracy, respectively, on the planetary gearbox dataset and the industrial pump dataset, which suggests the MF-DRCN is a promising intelligent fault diagnosis approach.
An axiom that has shaped policy approaches to sustainable consumption has been that if more consumers understand the environmental consequences of their consumption patterns, through their market ...choices they would inevitably put pressure on retailers and manufacturers to move towards sustainable production. The result is the proliferation of consumption of “green” products, eco-labels, consumer awareness campaigns, etc.
This paper, however, argues that the dominant focus on green consumerism as against the need for structural changes towards a broader systemic shift is unrealistic. Furthermore, promoting green consumerism at once lays responsibility on consumers to undertake the function of maintaining economic growth while simultaneously, even if contradictorily, bearing the burden to drive the system towards sustainability. Given the scope of the sustainability challenge and the urgency with which it must be addressed, this paper argues that the consumer is not the most salient agent in the production–consumption system; expecting the consumer through green consumerism to shift society towards SCP patterns is consumer scapegoatism.
This paper draws on the discursive confusion over discourse and practice of sustainable consumption. It attempts to clarify the differences between green consumerism and sustainable consumption, looking at each concept's historical development, its perspective on the consumer, and the main approaches to achieving sustainability. It then introduces the Attitudes-Facilitators-Infrastructure (AFI) framework – a framework for sustainable consumption policy design that goes beyond green consumerism, and that enables wellbeing and ecological sustainability without propagating the economic-growth dogma that has a stranglehold on contemporary policy-making.
Prior studies show conflicting evidence as to whether obesity in the absence of other medical or pregnancy-related conditions contributes to amniotic fluid disorders. The purpose of this study is to ...determine the association between late-pregnancy obesity with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index AFI ≤5 cm or maximum vertical pocket MVP <2 cm) and/or polyhydramnios (AFI ≥24 cm or MVP ≥8 cm).
This is a retrospective cohort study of 961 women with singleton gestations who had one or more obstetrical ultrasounds at a single institution at 36 0/7 weeks gestation or beyond between August 1, 2015, and May 1, 2020. Patients were included if they had valid pregnancy dating and a documented AFI and/or MVP. Patients were categorized based on body mass index or BMI (eg, normal, overweight, Class I Obesity, Class II Obesity, or Class III Obesity).
A total of 6.2% of patients met criteria for oligohydramnios based on AFI, MVP or both (n = 60). There was no significant association between oligohydramnios and increasing BMI, regardless of obesity class (P = .21). In terms of polyhydramnios, 5.6% of patients met criteria based on AFI, MVP, or both (n = 54). Similarly, there was also no significant association between polyhydramnios and increasing BMI, regardless of obesity class (P = .66).
Elevated maternal BMI was not significantly associated with disorders of amniotic fluid, regardless of the severity of obesity.
The stability for a hydrogen sensor is of crucial importance under a low-temperature range (e.g., 200–400 K), especially in critical environments (e.g., aerospace). However, the “reverse sensing ...behavior” of Pd-based sensing materials at low temperatures limits their wide application. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen-sensing material of interconnected Pd nanoparticles supported on zeolite-AFI (zeolite-AFI@Pd NPs) is designed for the hydrogen sensor at low temperature. The interconnected Pd NPs of ∼15 nm in diameter are achieved onto the zeolite-AFI framework by reduction-controlled self-assembly growth, followed by partially etching-off zeolite. The 3D structure provides a larger surface ratio for improving hydrogen adsorption onto Pd, and more space for PdHx intermediate expansion, which effectively facilitates response to hydrogen and suppresses the α–β phase transition. Remarkably, there is no “reverse sensing behavior” observed in zeolite-AFI@Pd NPs, though temperature is as low as to 200 K compared with that of pristine Pd nanowires at 287 K. Furthermore, the zeolite-AFI@Pd NPs sensors yield excellent sensing response and high stability to hydrogen at temperature from 200 to 400 K. Such Zeolite-AFI@Pd NPs sensors are expected to detect hydrogen leakage, especially in critical environments of low temperature.
Active fault diagnosis is one of the latest frontiers in the field of fault diagnosis, which can improve fault diagnosis performance by redesigning the control input for specific faults. Common ...methods for active fault diagnosis may be aggressive to systems since the designed control input may affect normal operation. In this article, we aim to develop amicable active fault isolation (AFI) strategy based on control allocation (CA) for dynamic systems with redundant inputs, where the designed control input can enhance fault isolation ability and will not affect normal operation. Within the framework of unknown input observers, the relationship between the measurement capability of the system, the spatial distribution of unknown inputs, and the maximum number of isolable faults (IFs) that occur simultaneously is presented. By changing control allocation algorithms actively, the maximum number of IFs can be increased, under the same measurement capability and the spatial distribution of unknown inputs. CA-based AFI schemes subject to insufficient measurement capability are designed, which can both ensure normal operation and improve fault isolation performance. The effectiveness of the developed AFI strategy is demonstrated through simulation results.
Objectives: The study aimed to find out factors contributing to oligohydramnios in the third trimester of pregnancy, complications associated and its impact on maternal and foetal outcomes. Method: ...This was a retrospective study of 90 primigravidas at Parul Sevashram Hospital during the year October 2019 to September 2020 in the third trimester of pregnancy with AFI <8 cm and fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Most subjects belonged to the age group of 21-25 years (78%). The incidence of oligohydramnios was higher among women who were farmers (54.4%) and from low socioeconomic status (79%), most had a normal vaginal delivery (80%) and the C section rate was 18.9%. All outcomes were live births with no perinatal mortality and the need for NICU admission was 11.1% mostly for observation followed by respiratory distress. The Apgar score recorded in 5 minutes was between 7-10 in 87.8% and for 12.2% the score was between 4-6. Subjects of the lower socioeconomic class had a lesser AFI and this difference was statistically significant (χ2=8.176, p=0.017). When the degree of AFI was associated with various outcomes it was observed that a statistically significant association (p<0.05) existed among higher cesarean section rates, prolonged hospital stays, malpresentation, lower birth weight, NICU admissions and prolonged NICU stay duration. Conclusion: Oligohydramnios has a significant association with low birth weight. Oligohydramnios is a frequent occurrence nowadays and careful evaluation, intensive parental counselling, foetal surveillance and proper antepartum and intrapartum care are needed for the healthy outcome of the mother and the neonate.
