•We analyse and visualize mobility patterns in order to establish the characteristics of such mobility.•The analysis of this mobility is carried out by studying the centrality of the nodes that make ...up the urban network of cities.•The multiplex network allows to establish relationships between mobility and urban bus transport system with tourism and commercial activities.
In this work we look for characteristics and mobility patterns in the cities of Rome and London, from a dataset of private vehicle movements in those cities. Based on mobility data and other data related to the urban public transport network, commercial activity and tourist information, a multiplex network with three layers is constructed for each city. The construction of the multiplex network allows us to establish relationships between mobility and urban bus transport system with tourism and commercial activities. From these networks, two measures of centrality in multiplex networks are calculated based on the spectral properties of a matrix constructed from the network graph and the data associated with the nodes. The centrality measures establish a ranking in the importance of the nodes within the graph. This allows us to identify the most important zones or areas within the urban layout, both from the point of view of mobility and displacement and of tourist and leisure activity within the city. Centrality mapping helps us to establish different characteristics and patterns in the car displacements in both cities.
In 1973, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) removed the diagnosis of "homosexuality" from the second edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM). This resulted after comparing ...competing theories, those that pathologized homosexuality and those that viewed it as normal. In an effort to explain how that decision came about, this paper reviews some historical scientific theories and arguments that first led to the placement of homosexuality in DSM-I and DSM-II as well as alternative theories that eventually led to its removal from DSM III and subsequent editions of the manual. The paper concludes with a discussion of the sociocultural aftermath of that 1973 decision.
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is a key layer of gene expression regulation, and APA choice is finely modulated in cells. Advances in single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) have provided unprecedented ...opportunities to study APA in cell populations. However, existing studies that investigated APA in single cells were either confined to a few cells or focused on profiling APA dynamics between cell types or identifying APA sites. The diversity and pattern of APA usages on a genomic scale in single cells remains unappreciated. Here, we proposed an analysis framework based on a Gaussian mixture model, scAPAmod, to identify patterns of APA usage from homogeneous or heterogeneous cell populations at the single-cell level. We systematically evaluated the performance of scAPAmod using simulated data and scRNA-seq data. The results show that scAPAmod can accurately identify different patterns of APA usages at the single-cell level. We analyzed the dynamic changes in the pattern of APA usage using scAPAmod in different cell differentiation and developmental stages during mouse spermatogenesis and found that even the same gene has different patterns of APA usages in different differentiation stages. The preference of patterns of usages of APA sites in different genomic regions was also analyzed. We found that patterns of APA usages of the same gene in 3′ UTRs (3′ untranslated region) and non-3′ UTRs are different. Moreover, we analyzed cell-type-specific APA usage patterns and changes in patterns of APA usages across cell types. Different from the conventional analysis of single-cell heterogeneity based on gene expression profiling, this study profiled the heterogeneous pattern of APA isoforms, which contributes to revealing the heterogeneity of single-cell gene expression with higher resolution.
Interference signals due to scattering from surface and reflecting from bottom is one of the most important problems of reliable communications in shallow water channels. To solve this problem, one ...of the best suggested ways is to use adaptive equalizers. Convergence rate and misadjustment error in adaptive algorithms play important roles in adaptive equalizer performance. In this paper, affine projection algorithm （APA）, selective regressor APA（SR-APA）, family of selective partial update （SPU） algorithms, family of set-membership （SM） algorithms and selective partial update selective regressor APA （SPU-SR-APA） are compared with conventional algorithms such as the least mean square （LMS） in underwater acoustic communications. We apply experimental data from the Strait of Hormuz for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed methods over shallow water channel. We observe that the values of the steady-state mean square error （MSE） of SR-APA, SPU-APA0 SPU-normalized least mean square （SPU-NLMS）, SPU-SR-APA0 SM-APA and SM-NLMS algorithms decrease in comparison with the LMS algorithm. Also these algorithms have better convergence rates than LMS type algorithm.
Multiple bench-scale filtration campaigns of Hanford tank waste supernatant on a backpulseable dead-end filtration skid have provided greater insight into the solids that cause fouling and reduce ...filter performance. The solids collected during each campaign were concentrated from the backpulse solutions and examined using automated particle analysis (APA) methods with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy to categorize particle types and their morphological characteristics. We show that with APA, thousands of particles can be analyzed to provide accurate insight into the phases that may be impacting filter performance.
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•APA successfully characterized many particles from supernate tank waste samples.•Solid samples showed evidence of the impact of the water addition.•Effective APA depends on careful sample preparation to reduce bias in particles distribution.•Analysis shows that gibbsite and calcite particles tend to be larger than the metal hydroxide phases.
•The Itapucumi Group record key events occurred during the Rodinia break-up to West Gondwana amalgamation.•The multi-proxy analysis of the Itapucumi Group allowed to elucidate important aspects on ...the basin evolution.•C and O isotopes, Sr data and the Ediacaran guide fossil Cloudina indicate an Ediacaran age for the intermediate portion of the Itapucumi Group.•Litho, chemo and biostratigraphic data support the paleogeographical and temporal correlation between the Itapucumi (Paraguay) and Corumbá (Brazil) groups.•The Cambrian to Ordovician deformation of the Itapucumi basin represent the terminal Brasiliano Cycle related to the closure of the Clymene Ocean.
The Itapucumi Group is recognized worldwide due to its well-preserved Ediacaran fossil assemblage. Despite its paleontological importance, this unit remains as the least studied South American Neoproterozoic sedimentary succession. Recorded at northern Paraguay, the Itapucumi Group is a ∼400 m-thick siliciclastic and carbonate succession deposited on the Paleoproterozoic basement of the Rio Apa Craton. At west, this unit is deformed and metamorphosed, whereas the eastern domain constitutes an undeformed cratonic cover. The Itapucumi Group comprises, from base to top, siliciclastic rocks of the Vallemi Formation, succeeded by limestones and dolomites of the Camba Jhopo and Tagatiya Guazu formations, which are capped by marls and mudstones of the Cerro Curuzu Formation. The entire sedimentary succession consists of three depositional sequences deposited in a large rimmed carbonate platform open to the ocean westward: S.1, the lowermost predominantly terrigenous, and sequences S.2 and S.3, comprising carbonate and terrigenous facies associations. Carbon isotope data from limestones and dolostones show values of +1.93‰ δC13 VPDB and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7084 and 0.7089, in agreement with a depositional age between 600 Ma and 550 Ma and coherent with the Cloudina biozone. These data support the paleogeographic correlation between the Itapucumi and Corumbá groups at the margins of the Amazonian and Rio Apa Craton. The siliciclastic basal successions of both units, are interpreted as deposited in rift basins developed during the fragmentation of the Rodinia supercontinent (Cryogenian to Ediacaran). Later thermal subsidence led to the generation of a new accommodation space around 550 and 528 Ma, recording extensive carbonate platforms along the margins of Pampia, Amazonian and Rio Apa cratons. The deformation of the Itapucumi and Corumbá basins started at around 528 Ma, and was controlled by the reactivation of listric and normal faults generated during the rift stage. The opposite tectonic vergence observed in the Vallemi and Paraguay fold-and-thrust belts can be ascribed to oppose master fault polarities in the precursor basins of this context, as well as to the rigid behavior of the Rio Apa Craton. The compressional phase ended around 484 Ma, and corresponding to the last stresses related to the Brasiliano Cycle and the closure of SW Gondwana.
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