Electrochemical detection of nucleic acid base mismatches related to Apa I single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the vitamin D receptor gene was performed successfully using ...7‐dimethyl‐amino‐1,2‐benzophenoxazinium salt (Meldola's blue, MDB) with 10.9 pmol/100 μL of detection limit. MDB reduction signals obtained from probe, mismatch(probe‐SNP containing target) and hybrid(probe‐target) modified pencil graphite electrode(PGE) increased respectively. The sensor was able to clearly distinguish perfect match from mismatch DNA in a 30 min. detection time. Several factors affecting on the hybridization and indicator response are studied to maximize sensitivity and selectivity. The advantages of the biosensor are discussed in comparison with previous electrochemical assays for DNA hybridization.
The fifth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) draws on recommendations for improving statistical practices made by the APA Task Force on Statistical ...Inference (TFSI). The manual now acknowledges the controversy over null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) and includes both a stronger recommendation to report effect sizes and a new recommendation to report confidence intervals. Drawing on interviews with some critics and other interested parties, the present review identifies a number of deficiencies in the new manual. These include lack of follow-through with appropriate explanations and examples of how to report statistics that are now recommended. At this stage, the discipline would be well served by a response to these criticisms and a debate over needed modifications. Author abstract
We examined how writing cover letters to the instructor influenced final papers in research methods courses. After receiving instructor feedback on drafts of each section of an American Psychological ...Association style research paper throughout the semester, students in two classes wrote cover letters to the instructor explaining how the instructor feedback was incorporated into their final paper. Students in the two control classes received the same type of feedback throughout the semester but were not required to write cover letters. Students enrolled in the cover letter classes showed more improvement in the quality of their papers than the students in the control classes. Using cover letters to articulate how feedback is being incorporated may help students more efficiently organize and respond to instructor feedback. Future researchers might investigate whether students’ reflective ability is a significant moderator in effective feedback utilization.
This letter provides a unified mean-square performance analysis of the class of data reusing adaptive algorithms. The derivation relies on energy conservation arguments, and it does not restrict the ...regression data to being Gaussian. Simulation results show that there is a relatively good match between theory and practice.
Objective: There are many domains of scientific expertise that are seldom documented. It is the objective of this paper to provide more advanced guidance on scientific writing for those who are ...already familiar with the basic elements of American Psychological Association (APA) style. This paper also discusses the impact of the information revolution on the consumption of scientific knowledge and makes recommendations for adapting scientific writing in light of the dominance of search engines and Internet publication. Approach: Communication strategies are presented for each section of an APA paper. Recommendations include: recognizing the importance of the abstract and searchable keywords; recognizing that many readers will be skimming papers for specific information and making better use of the formal structure of scientific papers to communicate to "skimmers"; recognizing that technology has reduced obstacles to incorporating tables and figures; and making more use of nontextual presentation of data. Conclusion: Scientific communication is changing rapidly, and we must do more to help researchers attain science communication skills as quickly as possible.
This article analyses and discusses the new MiFID II and MiFIR rules for the EU financial markets. In particular, it analyses the concepts "regulated market", "Multilateral Trading Facility" (MTF), ..."Organised Trading Facility" (OTF) and "(systemic) internalisation". It also discusses (i) pre-trade and post-trade transparency, (ii) transaction reporting, (iii) data services providers, (iv) concentration of trading, (v) position limits, and (vi) position management powers in the case of trading in commodity derivatives and reporting obligations.
The Ala-Pro-rich O-glycoprotein known as the 45/47 kDa or APA antigen from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an immunodominant adhesin restricted to mycobacterium genus and has been proposed as an ...alternative candidate to generate a new vaccine against tuberculosis or for diagnosis kits. In this work, the recombinant O-glycoprotein APA was produced by the non-pathogenic filamentous bacteria Streptomyces lividans, evaluating three different culture conditions. This strain is known for its ability to produce heterologous proteins in a shorter time compared to M. tuberculosis.
Three different shake flask geometries were used to provide different shear and oxygenation conditions; and the impact of those conditions on the morphology of S. lividans and the production of rAPA was characterized and evaluated. Small unbranched free filaments and mycelial clumps were found in baffled and coiled shake flasks, but one order of magnitude larger pellets were found in conventional shake flasks. The production of rAPA is around 3 times higher in small mycelia than in larger pellets, most probably due to difficulties in mass transfer inside pellets. Moreover, there are four putative sites of O-mannosylation in native APA, one of which is located at the carboxy-terminal region. The carbohydrate composition of this site was determined for rAPA by mass spectrometry analysis, and was found to contain different glycoforms depending on culture conditions. Up to two mannoses residues were found in cultures carried out in conventional shake flasks, and up to five mannoses residues were determined in coiled and baffled shake flasks.
The shear and/or oxygenation parameters determine the bacterial morphology, the productivity, and the O-mannosylation of rAPA in S. lividans. As demonstrated here, culture conditions have to be carefully controlled in order to obtain recombinant O-glycosylated proteins with similar "quality" in bacteria, particularly, if the protein activity depends on the glycosylation pattern. Furthermore, it will be an interesting exercise to determine the effect of shear and oxygen in shake flasks, to obtain evidences that may be useful in scaling-up these processes to bioreactors. Another approach will be using lab-scale bioreactors under well-controlled conditions, and study the impact of those on rAPA productivity and quality.
Resumen (analítico): Este artículo evalúa los resultados de la implementación del Programa Pisotón en el desarrollo psicoafectivo de niños y niñas colombianos entre tres y siete años, para determinar ...su posible aporte a la construcción de paz en el país. Con este fin, se empleó un estudio cualitativo, utilizando como instrumento las Fábulas de Düss, las cuales se aplicaron a 6808 niños y niñas, antes y después de haber participado del Programa. Los resultados evidencian la reorganización emocional y la reducción de defensas maladaptativas en todas las dimensiones emocionales evaluadas. Estos resultados permiten concluir que el Programa brinda herramientas válidas para la elaboración de los conflictos emocionales, tanto aquellos que son propios del desarrollo, como también aquellos que surgen de contextos de violencia.
Inspired by Perkins’ Theories of Difficulty concept, this exploratory study examined the learning patterns of graduate students as they grappled with using the style sheet of the American ...Psychological Association (APA). The researchers employed task performance analysis of three APA formatting tasks, interviews, and observation during a “think aloud” task to gather information on students’ misconceptions and successes. The study was able to document in detail how a group of Internet-savvy students approach the use of a style sheet. Learning APA style was found to be a matter both of overcoming conceptual blocks and personal style preferences. Once understanding of genre and conventions that may be inconsistent with prior experience and with each other are attained, motivation, patience, persistence, and attention to detail are also needed to achieve high levels of performance.
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