Fibril Assemblies in Aqueous Whey Protein Mixtures Bolder, Suzanne G; Hendrickx, Hanneke; Sagis, Leonard M. C ...
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,
06/2006, Letnik:
54, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Fibril formation in mixtures of whey proteins upon heating at pH 2 was investigated. Fibrils were found to coexist with other structures, such as spherulites. These spherulites consist of radially ...oriented fibrils. At total protein concentrations above 6 wt %, transparent gels were formed. Changing the ratio between the various whey proteins did not affect this gelation concentration as long as β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) was present, suggesting that β-lg was dominant in the gelation. Pure α-lactalbumin and pure bovine serum albumin did not form fibrils, nor did they gel upon heating at pH 2 and 80 °C for up to 10 h. They did however induce a decrease in the β-lg concentration needed for gel formation upon heating at pH 2. Our results suggest that β-lg is the only fibril forming protein at the conditions used and that no mixed fibrils are formed. Keywords: Heat-induced aggregation; heat-set gelation; fibrils; whey proteins; β-lactoglobulin
Yugoslavya'nın daǧılması sürecine eklemlenen son zincir olan Kosova, baǧımsızlık ilanından bu yana siyasal statü tartışmalarıyla yoǧrulan bir ülkedir. Kosova, demografik ve ekonomik anlamda olduǧu ...kadar, ulusal kapasite ve güç unsurları ve bu unsurların algılanış şekli itibarıyla da küçük devlet olma özelliklerini kendisine eklemlemiştir. İzlediǧi dış politika itibarıyla küçük devlet olmanın gerektirdiǧi biçimde hareket ettiǧi söylenebilecek olan Kosova'nın, geleceǧini ABD ve AB'nin bölge stratejilerine entegre ettiǧi de ifade edilebilir. Stratejik kültür ve izlenen genel dış politika kalıpları itibarıyla ortaklaştıǧı belirtilebilecek Kosovalı siyasal aktörlerin birbirlerinden farklılaştıǧı noktalar da bulunmaktadır. Siyasal deǧişimi de beraberinde getiren bu farklılaşmayı inceleyebilmek için de neoklasik realizmin kavramsal çerçevesine başvurmak doǧru bir yaklaşım olabilecektir. Böylece, ideolojik konumlanma, algı ve çıkarların Kosova dış politikasına nasıl yansıdıǧı deǧerlendirilebilecektir.
Lysosomes serve as the degradation hubs for macroautophagic/autophagic and endocytic components, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis essential for neuronal survival and function. LAMP1 (lysosomal ...associated membrane protein 1) and LAMP2 are distributed among autophagic and endolysosomal organelles. Despite widespread distribution, LAMP1 is routinely used as a lysosome marker and LAMP1-positive organelles are often referred to as lysosomal compartments. By applying immuno-electron microscopy (iTEM) and confocal imaging combined with Airyscan microscopy, we expand on the limited literature to provide a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of LAMP1 distribution in various autophagic and endolysosomal organelles in neurons. Our study demonstrates that a significant portion of LAMP1-labeled organelles lack major lysosomal hydrolases. BSA-gold pulse-chase assay further shows heterogeneous degradative capacities of LAMP1-labled organelles. In addition, LAMP1 intensity is not a sensitive readout to assess lysosomal deficits in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked motor neurons in vivo. Our study thus calls for caution when interpreting LAMP1-labeled organelles in the nervous system where LAMP1 intensity, trafficking, and distribution do not necessarily represent degradative lysosomes or autolysosomes under physiological and pathological conditions.
Abbreviations: ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; BSA: bovine serum albumin; DRG: dorsal root ganglion; IGF2R/CI-M6PR: insulin like growth factor 2 receptor; iTEM: immuno-transmission electron microscopy; LAMP1/2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1/2; P80: postnatal day 80; sMNs: spinal motor neurons
Cet article présente les résultats de la recherche-action du programme Histoires de famille ayant été offert à 9 familles issues de milieux défavorisés pendant 12 semaines dans divers lieux ...communautaires (p. ex., bibliothèque municipale, musée, maison de la famille, etc.). Ce programme a pour but d’outiller les parents à faire des activités de littératie afin de favoriser le développement langagier des enfants. L’objectif de cette étude qualitative est d’explorer les pratiques en littératie de mères issues de milieux défavorisés participant au projet communautaire Histoires de famille, de même que l’évolution de leurs pratiques au cours du projet. Les résultats montrent que les mères ont apprécié l’approche utilisée dans le programme, ont intégré des activités de littératie dans leur quotidien et ont constaté plusieurs apprentissages qu’elles-mêmes et leurs enfants ont réalisés. Des changements ont également été observés dans la manière dont les mères offrent du soutien à leurs enfants dans la réalisation de tâches de littératie. Enfin, cette recherche révèle l’importance d’ouvrir les portes des organismes communautaires aux familles vulnérables en les invitant à vivre des activités de littératie pour favoriser la préparation scolaire.
Paclitaxel and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel are known to cause adverse events of eye disorders, such as cystoid macular edema. However, at present, the risk factors remain unclear. ...Therefore, risk factors for eye disorders caused by paclitaxel and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel were studied. This retrospective study targeted patients who were newly administered paclitaxel or nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel at Kyoto Okamoto Memorial Hospital between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2017. Eye disorder occurrence was defined as an event in which the pharmacist confirmed the symptoms in a patient interview and the ophthalmologist diagnosed the disorder. To analyze the risk factors, logistic regression analysis using 41 factors was performed. Of 128 subjects, 13 (10.2%) had eye disorders with symptom degrees of Grades 1 and 2. The symptoms were conjunctivitis or subconjunctival hemorrhage (3.1%), visual acuity reduction (2.3%), blurred vision and eye pain (1.6% each), eye mucus, blepharitis, stye, watering eyes, photopsia, and muscae volitantes (0.8% each). In eight patients, the conditions patients improved with spontaneously or with medication use; no improvements were observed the cases of visual acuity reduction, blurred vision, or muscae volitantes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a cumulative dose of >-819 mg/m2 (odds ratio: 5.34, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-21.60, p=0.019) and baseline alkaline phosphatase >-256U/L (odds ratio: 3.74, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-13.70, p=0.046) were significant risk factors associated with eye disorders. In conclusion, it was determined that paclitaxel- and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel-related eye disorders might be influenced by cumulative dose and baseline alkaline phosphatase.
Un rapide rappel des traits définitoires du genre metal nous permet de poser l’existence, dans cette musique, de trois catégories distinctes d’albums-concept : anthologie, geste, épopée. Leur examen ...nous amène à nous demander si ce format particulier d’album a pour vocation de dérégler, par le truchement intermédial, ce qui avait forme et légitimité, ou, au contraire, de mettre de l’ordre dans le chaos d’une musique extrême.
The objective of this work was to investigate the mechanism of release of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) both small molecules (ketoprofen, indomethacin, coumarin-6) and macromolecules ...(human serum albumin, ovalbumin), from PLGA (50:50) nanoparticulates (400–700
nm), having drug loadings less than 10%. The nanoparticulates were prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation methods and release determined in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 at 37
°C. The release profiles exhibited an initial burst release phase, a slower lag phase and a second increased release rate phase. The profiles were consistent with a model in which the first phase of the release reflects diffusion controlled dissolution of drug accessible to the solid/dissolution medium interface and the second phase reflects release of drug entrapped in the polymer, the release of which was dependent on the bulk degradation of the polymer. The burst phase tended to increase with increase in API loading and solubility. The polymer erosion related parameters also indicated that increased drug loading accelerated this phase of API release. Small acidic hydrophobic actives such as ketoprofen and indomethacin had a much greater effect on these parameters than the larger hydrophilic more neutral proteins, HSA and ovalbumin.
This work provides a new understanding of critical process parameters involved in the production of inhalation aerosol particles by ultrasonic spray freeze drying to enable precise control over ...particle size and aerodynamic properties. A series of highly porous mannitol, lysozyme, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) particles were produced, varying only the solute concentration in the liquid feed, cs, from 1 to 5wt%. The particle sizes of mannitol, BSA, and lysozyme powders were independent of solute concentration, and depend only on the drop size produced by atomization. Both mannitol and lysozyme formulations showed a linear relationship between the computed Fine Particle Fraction (FPF) and the square root of cs, which is proportional to the particle density, ρ, given a constant particle size dg. The FPF decreased with increasing cs from 57.0% to 16.6% for mannitol and 44.5% to 17.2% for lysozyme. Due to cohesion, the BSA powder FPF measured by cascade impaction was less than 10% and independent of cs. Ultrasonic spray freeze drying enables separate control over particle size, dg, and aerodynamic size, da which has allowed us to make the first experimental demonstration of the widely accepted rule da=dg(ρ/ρo)1/2 with particles of constant dg, but variable density, ρ (ρo is unit density).
To identify determinants of early progressive renal decline in type 2 diabetes a range of markers was studied in 1032 patients enrolled into the 2nd Joslin Kidney Study. eGFR slopes estimated from ...serial measurements of serum creatinine during 5-12 years of follow-up were used to define early renal decline. At enrollment, all patients had normal eGFR, 58% had normoalbuminuria and 42% had albuminuria. Early renal decline developed in 6% and in 18% patients, respectively. As determinants, we examined baseline values of clinical characteristics, circulating markers: TNFR1, KIM-1, and FGF23, and urinary markers: albumin, KIM-1, NGAL, MCP-1, EGF (all normalized to urinary creatinine) and the ratio of EGF to MCP-1. In univariate analysis, all plasma and urinary markers were significantly associated with risk of early renal decline. When analyzed together, systolic blood pressure, TNFR1, KIM-1, the albumin to creatinine ratio, and the EGF/MCP-1 ratio remained significant with the latter having the strongest effect. Integration of these markers into a multi-marker prognostic test resulted in a significant improvement of discriminatory performance of risk prediction of early renal decline, compared with the albumin to creatinine ratio and systolic blood pressure alone. However, the positive predictive value was only 50% in albuminuric patients. Thus, markers in plasma and urine indicate that the early progressive renal decline in Type 2 diabetes has multiple determinants with strong evidence for involvement of tubular damage. However, new, more informative markers are needed to develop a better prognostic test for such decline that can be used in a clinical setting.
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