Fifty years after the Second Vatican Council, architectural historian Robert Proctor examines the transformations in British Roman Catholic church architecture that took place in the two decades ...surrounding this crucial event. Inspired by new thinking in theology and changing practices of worship, and by a growing acceptance of modern art and architecture, architects designed radical new forms of church building in a campaign of new buildings for new urban contexts.
A focussed study of mid-twentieth century church architecture, Building the Modern Church considers how architects and clergy constructed the image and reality of the Church as an institution through its buildings. The author examines changing conceptions of tradition and modernity, and the development of a modern church architecture that drew from the ideas of the liturgical movement. The role of Catholic clergy as patrons of modern architecture and art and the changing attitudes of the Church and its architects to modernity are examined, explaining how different strands of post-war architecture were adopted in the field of ecclesiastical buildings. The church building's social role in defining communities through rituals and symbols is also considered, together with the relationships between churches and modernist urban planning in new towns and suburbs. Case studies analysed in detail include significant buildings and architects that have remained little known until now. Based on meticulous historical research in primary sources, theoretically informed, fully referenced, and thoroughly illustrated, this book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the church architecture, art and theology of this period.
Soft Living Architecture explores the invention of new architectures based on living processes. It crafts a unique intersection between two fast-developing disciplines: biomimicry and biodesign in ...architecture, and bioinformatics and natural computing in the natural sciences. This is the first book to examine both the theory and methodology of architecture and design working directly with the natural world. It explores a range of approaches from the use of life-like systems in building design to the employment of actual growing and living cell and tissue cultures as architectural materials – creating architecture that can change, learn and grow with us. The use of ‘living architecture’ is cutting-edge and speculative, yet it is also inspiring a growing number of designers worldwide to adopt alternative perspectives on sustainability and environmental design. The book examines the ethical and theoretical issues arising alongside case-studies of experimental practice, to explore what we mean by ‘natural’ in the Anthropocene, and raise deep questions about the nature of design and the design of nature. This provocative and at times controversial book shows why it will become ever more necessary to embrace living processes in architecture if we are to thrive in a sustainable future.
Over 277,000 African Americans migrated to Chicago between 1900 and 1940, an influx unsurpassed in any other northern city. From the start, carceral powers literally and figuratively created a ...prison-like environment to contain these African Americans within the so-called Black Belt on the city's South Side. A geographic study of race and gender, Spatializing Blackness casts light upon the ubiquitous--and ordinary--ways carceral power functions in places where African Americans live. Moving from the kitchenette to the prison cell, and mining forgotten facts from sources as diverse as maps and memoirs, Rashad Shabazz explores the myriad architectures of confinement, policing, surveillance, urban planning, and incarceration. In particular, he investigates how the ongoing carceral effort oriented and imbued black male bodies and gender performance from the Progressive Era to the present. The result is an essential interdisciplinary study that highlights the racialization of space, the role of containment in subordinating African Americans, the politics of mobility under conditions of alleged freedom, and the ways black men cope with--and resist--spacial containment. A timely response to the massive upswing in carceral forms within society, Spatializing Blackness examines how these mechanisms came to exist, why society aimed them against African Americans, and the consequences for black communities and black masculinity both historically and today.
Le Caire dessiné et photographié au XIXe siècle Armando, Silvia; Aubenas, Sylvie; Aziz, Elke Pflugradt-Abdel ...
Publications de l’Institut national d’histoire de l’art,
2013, 2017
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
Depuis la grande expédition d’Égypte qui marqua les esprits, seuls des voyageurs aussi célèbres que Maxime Du Camp et Gustave Flaubert sont restés dans les mémoires, alors que d’autres sont ...complètement oubliés ou connus des seuls spécialistes. Pourtant, leurs travaux restent des sources irremplaçables sur une ville en grande partie disparue. En effet, tout au long du XIXe siècle, beaucoup de monuments périrent faute d’entretien et à partir des années 1870, le khédive Ismaïl entreprit des travaux d’embellissement pour donner à la capitale de l’Égypte un aspect européen, aux prix d’importantes démolitions. Tous ces voyageurs, architectes, peintres, « antiquaires » furent subjugués par l’architecture médiévale du Caire et par le décor géométrique de ses bâtiments civils et religieux. Ils tentèrent à travers leurs dessins, photographies et relevés de faire connaître ces richesses artistiques que certains prévoyaient de publier dans des recueils, dont quelques-uns virent le jour. Ce livre a pour vocation de sortir de l’ombre ces passionnés qui offrent encore aujourd’hui des témoignages uniques assortis souvent de descriptions de dessins, de photographies ou d’écrits théoriques en règle générale peu accessibles. Un ensemble de spécialistes met ici en valeur ces documents tombés dans l’oubli et présente des synthèses de leurs œuvres et de leurs apports à la connaissance du Caire médiéval. La présente version numérique est revue et corrigée par rapport à la version publiée en 2013 aux éditions Picard.
Southeast Asian architecture tends to be generalized under one umbrella due to the countries' common geographical, climatic, and historical context. However, Southeast Asian countries are dissimilar ...due to their ethnic and religious differences, which led to each country's own subtle characteristics in housing. In order to identify the commonality and diversity among Southeast Asian architecture, details of the architectural forms have to be carefully analyzed. This book begins with an introductory section about housing culture in Southeast Asia as a whole and then examines the traditional houses of five countries in more detail. Each chapter contains a brief summary of a Southeast Asian country's history and culture and an introduction to the general characteristics and major types of traditional houses of the country. This is followed by a detailed explanation on the form and significance of one of the country's major types of housing. The authors also explain how traditional houses are being modernized, offering a glimpse at the future of traditional housing in each country.
Whilst our outside world is modifying into a more complex and hybrid networked world, our most intimate dwelling, our home, is at risk of falling behind as for many it seems to have remained the same ...as it has been for many decades. This book explores what it means to have a home in such a networked world. It describes what architecture can, or perhaps should, contribute to enable a more participatory role for inhabitants. This forward-thinking book will try to answer the question - What is the role and position of technology in our most intimate locations both now and what could it be like in the future?
Throughput, flexibility, and security form the design trilogy of reconfigurable crypto engines; they must be carefully considered without reducing the major role of classical design constraints, such ...as surface, power consumption, dependability, and cost. Applications such as network security, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), Digital Rights Management (DRM), and pay per view have drawn attention to these three constraints. For more than ten years, many studies in the field of cryptographic engineering have focused on the design of optimized high-throughput hardware cryptographic cores (e.g., symmetric and asymmetric key block ciphers, stream ciphers, and hash functions). The flexibility of cryptographic systems plays a very important role in their practical application. Reconfigurable hardware systems can evolve with algorithms, face up to new types of attacks, and guarantee interoperability between countries and institutions. The flexibility of reconfigurable crypto processors and crypto coprocessors has reached new levels with the emergence of dynamically reconfigurable hardware architectures and tools. Last but not least, the security of systems that handle confidential information needs to be thoroughly evaluated at the design stage in order to meet security objectives that depend on the importance of the information to be protected and on the cost of protection. Usually, designers tackle security problems at the same time as other design constraints and in many cases target only one security objective, for example, a side-channel attack countermeasures, fault tolerance capability, or the monitoring of the device environment. Only a few authors have addressed all three design constraints at the same time. In particular, key management security (e.g., secure key generation and transmission, the use of a hierarchical key structure composed of session keys and master keys) has frequently been neglected to the benefit of performance and/or flexibility. Nevertheless, a few authors propose original processor architectures based on multi-crypto-processor structures and reconfigurable cryptographic arrays. In this article, we review published works on symmetric key crypto engines and present current trends and design challenges.
Digital twin (DT) is an emerging concept that is gaining attention in various industries. It refers to the ability to clone a physical object (PO) into a software counterpart. The softwarized object, ...termed logical object, reflects all the important properties and characteristics of the original object within a specific application context. To fully determine the expected properties of the DT, this article surveys the state-of-the-art starting from the original definition within the manufacturing industry. It takes into account related proposals emerging in other fields, namely augmented and virtual reality (e.g., avatars), multiagent systems, and virtualization. This survey thereby allows for the identification of an extensive set of DT features that point to the "softwarization" of POs. To properly consolidate a shared DT definition, a set of foundational properties is identified and proposed as a common ground outlining the essential characteristics (must-haves) of a DT. Once the DT definition has been consolidated, its technical and business value is discussed in terms of applicability and opportunities. Four application scenarios illustrate how the DT concept can be used and how some industries are applying it. The scenarios also lead to a generic DT architectural model. This analysis is then complemented by the identification of software architecture models and guidelines in order to present a general functional framework for the DT. This article, eventually, analyses a set of possible evolution paths for the DT considering its possible usage as a major enabler for the softwarization process.
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