The main objective of this study is to highlight the dietary risk of the prevalence of bla
ESBL
producing multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in raw milk, besides evaluating the effect of ...Artemesia herba-alba and Thymus algeriensis essential oils against bla
ESBL
producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from raw milk. Isolation and molecular identification of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and bla
TEM
, bla
SHV
, bla
CTX-M
genes encoding resistance were investigated by PCR and sequencing. The chemical composition of oils was effectuated by GC/MS. Antibacterial activity was tested by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Six ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were identified; four of them were confirmed as ESBL producers and were found to be multi-drug resistant. bla
SHV
and bla
TEM
were found to be having the most dominant gene encoding resistance. The results of GC/MS analysis bestowed 31 and 35 compounds for A. herba-alba and T. algeriensis respectively. Klebsiella pneumonia SB6 (17.04 mm for A. herba-alba and 16.22 mm for T. algeriensis) revealed the highest zones of inhibition. MIC values were 1.56-12.5 mg/mL for both essential oils, while the MBC values were 6.25-25 mg/mL (A. herba-alba) and 12.5-25 mg/mL (T. algeriensis).
Artemisia alba
Turra is an essential oil bearing plant, with Euro-Mediterranean and Southeastern European distribution. One of the distinctive characteristics of its essential oil is the ...variability of its terpenoid profile due to environmental, genetic and other factors. In the present work, tissue culture experiment has provided a model system of
in vitro
morphogenesis alteration
.
Auxin and cytokinin treatments were applied alone or in different combinations, leading to the development of directly rooting and root suppressed
in vitro
plantlets. Direct
in vitro
rooting was definitely related to obtaining biomass richest in flavonoid compounds (irrespectively of the PGR combination leading to obtaining this morphotype). The directly rooting morphotype was also distinguished by the highest flavones/flavonoles ratio as compared with the
in situ
and the rest of the
in vitro
samples. Underground parts of
in vitro
samples were shown to be significantly richer in caffeoylquinic acids as compared with aerial parts. An elevation of DCQA/CQA ratios in PGR treated plants as compared with the non-treated control could be estimated as an indication of stimulation of the esterification process with the purpose of coping with the stress of the impairment of the physiological state of normal shoot-to-root tissue formation. It was shown that
in vitro
morphogenesis moderation could be applied as a simple and reproducible protocol to alter polyphenolics production in tissue cultures of this plant species.
Key message
in vitro
culture system of
Artemisia alba
Turra allowed for its morphogenesis modification. Changes in root system development and callusogenesis were related to targeted alterations of flavones/flavonols ratios and esterification degree of caffeoylquinic acids.
Graphical Abstract
Asso is an endemic plant from North-East Morocco offering a diverse range of pharmacological, cosmetic, and agro-ecological uses. However,
has not been well exploited in the field of plant protection ...(post-harvest diseases). This is why the main objective of the present study is to evaluate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of extracts or the essential oil of this plant. Antifungal activity was assessed against
,
and
using the agar dilution method for the aqueous extracts and fumigation for the essential oil. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH scavenging test and the FRAP ferric ion reduction capacity. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by HPLC and that of the essential oil by GC-MS/MS. In addition, the polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content was determined using colorimetric methods. The results of this study showed that the total content of polyphenols (217.60 mg GAE/g E), flavonoids (43.59 mg QE/g E), and tannins (32.58 mg GAE/g E) was significantly higher (
≤ 0.05) in the ethanolic extract than in the aqueous and hexanoic extracts. Moreover, the HPLC analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of six compounds, namely, catechin, gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin. In addition, the ethanolic extract was found to contain seven phenolic compounds. On the one hand, 35 compounds were identified in the essential oil of
, representing 99.7% of the total. According to this study, the dominant compounds in the essential oil of
Asso are camphor (46.57%), endo-borneol (5.65%), eucalyptol (5.64%), and thymol (3.85%). Furthermore, the biological evaluation showed that the extracts and essential oil of
have significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The findings show that
is a plant that can be used as a source of antifungal chemicals to prevent putrefaction of foodstuffs and, more specifically, postharvest diseases.
Asso. (Wormwood) is a wild aromatic herb that is popular for its healing and medicinal effects and has been used in conventional as well as modern medicine. This research aimed at the extraction, ...identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds in the aerial parts of wormwood using Soxhlet extraction, as well as characterizing their antimicrobial and anitoxidant effects. The phenolic compounds were identified in different extracts by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography (TLC), and high performance liquid chromatography. Five different fractions, two from ethyl acetate extraction and three from ethanolic extraction were obtained and evaluated further. The antimicrobial activity of each fractions was evaluated against two Gram-positive (
and
) and two Gram-negative microorganisms (
and
using the disc-diffusion assay and direct TLC bioautography assay. Fraction I inhibited
and
, Fraction II inhibited
and
, Fraction III inhibited all, except for
, while Fractions IV and V did not exhibit strong antimicrobial effects. Their antioxidant capabilities were also measured by calculating their ability to scavenge the free radical using DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Ethanolic fractions III and V demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties with IC
values less than 15.0 μg/mL, while other fractions also had IC
values less than 80.0 μg/mL. These antioxidant effects were highly associated with the number of phenolic hydroxyl group on the phenolics they contained. These extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effects, suggesting the different phenolic compounds in these extracts had specific inhibitory effects on the growth of each bacteria. The results of this study suggested that the
can be a source of phenolic compounds with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties which can be used for potential pharmaceutical applications.
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of artemisia herba alba extract and ZnONPs on the level of lipid profile that included total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins, ...and at the level of liver enzymes that included (AST, ALT, ALP) in adult rats Sprague-Dawley and lipoproteinosis. Rats were distributed to six aggregates in six repeaters each. (T1) Control Group, (T2) Nutritious Group on high cholesterol leeches, (T3) Nutritions high cholesterol food aggregates and soft cheese dosage (2 g/kg) (T4), ZnONPs 10mg/ml (T5) Artemisia herba alba (150/ml), (T6)
Artemisia herba alba
with ZnONPs. After the end of the feeding period for the vital experiment of 28 days. The Results showed a moral decrease (p≤0.05) in the rate of cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins in the T3, T4 group, T5, T6 compared with T1, while T2 treatment continued to rise in blood fat because it was left untreated. A moral decrease in the level of liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) was also observed for animals treated with T3, T4, T5, T6 compared to T2, which was left untreated, with an increase in the concentration of liver enzymes.
Currently in Europe, despite the many advances in production technology of synthetic drugs, the interest in natural herbal medicines continues to increase. One of the reasons for their popular use is ...the assumption that natural equals safe. However, herbal medicines contain pharmacologically active ingredients, some of which have been associated with adverse effects. Kidneys are particularly susceptible to injury induced by toxins, including poisonous constituents from medicinal plants. The most recognized herb-induced kidney injury is aristolochic acid nephropathy connected with misuse of certain Traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Data concerning nephrotoxicity of plant species of European origin are scarce. Here, we critically review significant data of the nephrotoxicity of several plants used in European phytotherapy, including
,
,
and
). Causative mechanisms and factors predisposing to intoxications from the use of herbs are discussed. The basic intention of this review is to improve pharmacovigilance of herbal medicine, especially in patients with chronic kidney diseases.
Recently, pharmaceutical scientists' interest has increased to find novel pharmaceutical natural substances with potent antioxidant capacity and very low side effects to be used safely in preventive ...medicine. One of the most common types of diseases with a large spread globally is cardiovascular diseases, which cause a high rate of deaths annually. The present study evaluated the use of Artemisia herba alba leaves’ extract (AHALE) and AHALE zinc oxide nanoparticles (AHALE–ZnONPs) against isoproterenol (ISO) inducing myocardial infarction (MI) in male rats. Several groups of Wistar male rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were pretreated with several doses of AHALE or AHALE–ZnONPs for one month followed by exposure to ISO for two days. After treatment, samples of the rats’ heart tissues and blood were collected for several molecular biological and biochemical analyses. Heart enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation compounds, lipid markers, activities, ROS generation, apoptosis, DNA damage and expression of lipid metabolism genes were analyzed in rats pretreated with AHALE or AHALE–ZnONPs followed by exposure to ISO. The results showed an increase in the levels of AST, ALT, LDH, CK, CK-MB, and cTnT (heart markers), elevation in TG, TC, and LDL levels (lipid profile markers), levels of TBARS and LOOH (lipid peroxidation products), ROS generation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and upregulation of PPAR-α, ADD1, FASN, and ACC genes in animals exposed to ISO in comparison with the control animals. Moreover, a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities, including GPx, GRx, and GST, was observed in animals exposed to ISO in comparison with control rats. In male rats pretreated with AHALE or AHALE–ZnONPs followed by exposure to ISO, the oxidative stress induced by ISO was prevented. The results suggest that Artemisia extract could be considered for use as one of the natural compounds for prevention of atherosclerosis and heart diseases due to its high antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. The reduced oxidative stress of Artemisia extract may be a result of the existence of flavonoids and phenolic substances.
Abstract
Background
Haemonchosis is a serious disease affecting ruminants’ productivity worldwide. Medicinal plants are deemed one of the most natural bio-products safely used as alternatives to the ...synthetic anthelmintics. In the present study, comparative efficacy of crude ethanolic extracts (CEEs) of
Artemisia herba-alba
(
A. herba-alba
),
Balanites aegyptiaca
(
B. aegyptiaca
) and
Allium sativum
(
A. sativum
) as alternative treatments was tested on
Haemonchus contortus
(
H. contortus
). An in vitro test to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of various concentrations of extracts at 25, 30 and 50 mg/ml was accomplished on motility and viability of adult worms in comparison with albendazole, reference drug at 10 μg/ml at various time intervals. An in vivo test was carried out in lambs experimentally infected with
H. contortus
to detect anthelmintic activity of CEEs of
A. herba-alba
and
B. aegyptiaca
compared to albendazole. Fifteen parasite-free Baladi Egyptian lambs aged 4–8 months old were categorized into five groups, each of three lambs as follows: G1 was kept as uninfected untreated one, G2 was utilized as infected untreated group, G3 was given CEE of
A. herba-alba
, G4 was received CEE of
B. aegyptiaca
, and G 5 was treated with albendazole.
Results
The in vitro test revealed that CEE of
B. aegyptiaca
had the most significant anthelmintic activity on adult
H. contortus
followed by
A. herba-alba,
while
A. sativum
was of the lowest effect. The in vivo test showed that the CEE of
B. aegyptiaca
achieved an excellent faecal egg reduction (100%) at the 7th day post-treatment. The most efficient treatments that improved the haematological parameters and regained the level of serum total protein, albumin and A/G ratio, serum globulin, SGoT, SGPT, urea and creatinine to the almost normal levels were CEE of
B. aegyptiaca
, albendazole and CEE of
A. herba-alba
, respectively.
Conclusions
This study highlighted the marked anthelmintic potency of the CEEs of
B. aegyptiaca
and
A. herba-alba
on
H. contortus
and the superiority of CEE of
B. aegyptiaca
as a talented anti-parasitic medicinal plant for sheep.
Abstract
Inhibitory impact of
Artemisia herba-alba
extract on
Klisinema persicum
growth was investigated. This study looked at the effects of different concentrations of A. herba-alba extracts on the ...growth and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase and Catalase) activity of
K. persicum
in order to determine the optimal dose range for the good anti-algal action. Concentrations were used (2.5,5, 10, 20, 40,80 and 160) mg. L
-1
as well as control. Results showed that both crude extracted, alcoholic extract, and aqueous extract of
A. herba-alba
had an obvious inhibitory effect on
K. persicum
growth, as such the obtained results demonstrated
A. herba-alba
crude extracted inhibited algal growth more efficiently than alcoholic extract and aqueous extract of
A. herba-alba
. This investigation found that a dose of 10 mg. L
-1
with above 50% of IR of extracted crude, alcoholic extractand aqueous of A. herba-alba was best, based on changes in algal cell density and inhibitory ratio (IR). Additionally, after 4 days, the extracted A. herba-alba group saw a significant decline in Chlorophyll-a concentration and antioxidant enzymes activity, falling below the detection threshold. Our findings may pave the way for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying inhibitory effects on dangerous algae, which in turn could lead to the creation of novel anti-algal materials.
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