In this manuscript, the (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii's breaking soliton (BBS) model is considered. At-first, we reduce the model into its bilinear form using the Hirota bilinear approach. We then ...analytically construct lump waves and collision of lump with periodic waves via the Hirota scheme. We also present collision between lump wave and single-, double-kink soliton solutions, and the collision among lump, periodic and single-, double-kink soliton solutions of the model. In addition, we explain the fission properties of the collisions. It is noticed that collision of lump-kink waves split into double kinky-lump waves and gradually increases the number of such waves as the increase of λ, which was not found in the previous literature. Finally, we graphically present the nature of the collision solutions of the model in 3D and contour plots. The derived such wave solutions may have much more important for controlling unpredictable harmful waves arises in nature.
•The (2+1)-dimensional Bogoyavlenskii's breaking soliton (BBS) model.•Bilinear form of the model by using the Hirota bilinear approach.•The collision among lump, periodic and kink soliton solutions are investigated.•Fission properties of the lump and periodic waves have been also observed.•Physical natures of the results have been analyzed and depicted graphically.
Beneficial microorganisms have been extensively used to make plants more resistant to abiotic and biotic stress. We previously identified a consortium of three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ...(PGPR) strains (
AR156,
SM21, and
sp. XY21; hereafter "BBS") as a promising and environmentally friendly biocontrol agent. In this study, the effect of BBS on a soil-borne disease of sweet pepper was evaluated. Application of BBS significantly reduced the prevalence of phytophthora blight and improved fruit quality and soil properties relative to the control. BBS was able to alter the soil bacterial community: it significantly increased the abundances of
,
, and
, which were negatively associated with disease severity, relative to the control. A redundancy analysis suggested that BBS-treated soil samples were dominated by
,
,
,
,
, and
; abundance of these genera was related to total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (AN), total potassium (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) contents. This suggests that BBS treatment shifted the microbe community to one that suppressed soil-borne disease and improved the soil chemical properties.
Determining protein levels in each tissue and how they compare with RNA levels is important for understanding human biology and disease as well as regulatory processes that control protein levels. We ...quantified the relative protein levels from over 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues. Tissue-specific or tissue-enriched proteins were identified and compared to transcriptome data. Many ubiquitous transcripts are found to encode tissue-specific proteins. Discordance of RNA and protein enrichment revealed potential sites of synthesis and action of secreted proteins. The tissue-specific distribution of proteins also provides an in-depth view of complex biological events that require the interplay of multiple tissues. Most importantly, our study demonstrated that protein tissue-enrichment information can explain phenotypes of genetic diseases, which cannot be obtained by transcript information alone. Overall, our results demonstrate how understanding protein levels can provide insights into regulation, secretome, metabolism, and human diseases.
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•Quantified proteins from more than 12,000 genes across 32 normal human tissues•Discordance of RNA and protein enrichment provides evidence of protein secretion•Tissue-specific distribution of enzymes indicates a coordinated control of metabolism•Tissue-enriched proteins provide insights into phenotypes of genetic diseases
Proteomics analysis across human tissues from the GTeX resource reveals insight into tissue-specific pathways and phenotypes arising from genetic diseases.
Biomass burning (e.g., wildfire) frequently occurs globally, inevitably produces abundant biomass-burning smoke-derived dissolved organic matters (BBS-DOMs) which eventually deposits on the surface ...environment. The adsorption and fractionation of BBS-DOMs on clays inevitably alter their biogeochemical process and environmental behaviors in the surface environment. It is therefore important to clarify the adsorption and fractionation of BBS-DOM on clay surfaces. This study found that the fractionation of BBS-DOMs on clays (montmorillonite and kaolinite) were controlled by their functional groups, aromaticity, molecular size and organic components. The spectral indexes (SUVA254 and S275–295) of BBS-DOMs in solution after clays adsorption suggested that with the increasing DOC concentration, the primary interaction between BBS-DOMs and clays changed from hydrogen bond to hydrophobic/pore filling effects, and the adsorption ratio of the large molecules increased, which were very different from natural fulvic acid. Furthermore, various BBS-DOMs and fulvic acid had different component fractionation behaviors during clay adsorption, because they had different abundances of protein-like matters (hydrogen bond donors), pyridine-N/pyrimidine-N (positive charge doners of electrostatic interaction), and fulvic-like matters (hydrophobic interaction and pore filling effect). Additionally, the increasing pH weakened the adsorption of bulk BBS-DOMs and enhanced the adsorption ratio of aromatic matters and smaller BBS-DOM molecules. Meanwhile, at a higher pH, the adsorption ratio of protein-like matters increased, while the adsorption ratio of humic- and fulvic-like matters decreased. The result was ascribed to the enhanced hydrogen bond between protein-like matters and clays as well as the enhanced electrostatic repulsion between humic−/fulvic-like matters and clays. This study is helpful for deeply understanding the multimedia-crossing environmental behavior of BBS-DOMs in the surface environment.
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•The fractionations of BBS-DOM on montmorillonite and kaolinite were different.•The fractionation was mainly controlled by hydrogen bond, and pore filling effect.•The aromaticity and molecular size of BBS-DOMs were changed after fractionation.•The organic components of BBS-DOMs presented different fractionation behaviors.•The molecular properties and components after fractionation were pH-dependent.
•Base asphalt, conventional CRMA and drained CRMA were evaluated.•BBS test, TSR and HWT test were performed for performance evaluation.•Rubber particles selectively absorb the light components of ...asphalt.•BBS test can only highlight the interfacial bonding strength of asphalt and aggregate.•Improving the elasticity of the mixture is helpful to improve the water resistance of the mixture.
The bonding performance and moisture resistance of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) has been a hot debate for many years. On the other hand, the influence of crumb rubber particles can be divided into two parts: the filler nature of crumb rubber particle, namely the particle effect (PE); and the chemical interaction between crumb rubber particle/base asphalt, namely the interaction effect (IE). This research aims to understand and quantify the PE and IE in terms of CRMA binder bonding performance. To do so, base asphalt, conventional CRMA and drained CRMA were evaluated. Drained CRMA were prepared by removing rubber particles from conventional CRMA via sieving. Asphalt binder bonding strength (BBS) test, tensile strength ratio (TSR) and Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) tests were employed for performance evaluation. Furthermore, rheology master curves, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and fluorescence microscopy were conducted to help reveal the influence of PE and IE. The results show that in terms of BBS testing, the PE and IE may vary with different CRMA formulas, but overall, a large negative PE with a small positive IE is seen, leading to inferior bonding strength of all CRMA samples. On the other hand, CRMA shows the best mixture performance (TSR, HWT) with both positive PE and IE. It is believed that even though the rubber particle is not favorable in terms of binder bonding performance, it is beneficial to the mixture water-resistance by improving the mixture elasticity.
Ciliopathies and the Kidney: A Review McConnachie, Dominique J.; Stow, Jennifer L.; Mallett, Andrew J.
American journal of kidney diseases,
March 2021, 2021-03-00, 20210301, Letnik:
77, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Primary cilia are specialized sensory organelles that protrude from the apical surface of most cell types. During the past 2 decades, they have been found to play important roles in tissue ...development and signal transduction, with mutations in ciliary-associated proteins resulting in a group of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Many of these mutations manifest as renal ciliopathies, characterized by kidney dysfunction resulting from aberrant cilia or ciliary functions. This group of overlapping and genetically heterogeneous diseases includes polycystic kidney disease, nephronophthisis, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome as the main focus of this review. Renal ciliopathies are characterized by the presence of kidney cysts that develop due to uncontrolled epithelial cell proliferation, growth, and polarity, downstream of dysregulated ciliary-dependent signaling. Due to cystic-associated kidney injury and systemic inflammation, cases result in kidney failure requiring dialysis and transplantation. Of the handful of pharmacologic treatments available, none are curative. It is important to determine the molecular mechanisms that underlie the involvement of the primary cilium in cyst initiation, expansion, and progression for the development of novel and efficacious treatments. This review updates research progress in defining key genes and molecules central to ciliogenesis and renal ciliopathies.
Understanding past and current patterns of species richness is essential for predicting how these patterns may be affected by future global change. The species energy hypothesis predicts that higher ...abundance and richness of animal species occur where available energy is higher and more consistently available. There is a wide range of remote sensing proxies for available energy, such as vegetation productivity, but it is not clear which best predict species richness. Our goal here was to evaluate different proxies for annual plant productivity from Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as input for the Dynamic Habitat Indices (DHIs), and to determine how well they predict the richness of breeding bird species in six functional guilds across the conterminous United States. The DHIs are measures of vegetation productivity over the course of a year and consist of three components: (1) cumulative productivity (DHI Cum), (2) minimum productivity (DHI Min), and (3) intra-annual variation of productivity (DHI Var). We hypothesized that increases in cumulative and minimum productivity and reductions in intra-annual variation will be associated with higher species richness. We calculated the DHIs from a range of MODIS 1000-m vegetation productivity data sets for 2003–2014, i.e., the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP). We summarized bird species richness of different guilds within ecoregions (n=85) based on abundance maps derived from the >3000 routes of the North American Breeding Bird Survey for 2006 to 2012. Generally, we found all the DHIs had high explanatory power for predicting breeding bird species richness. However, the strength of the associations between the DHIs and bird species richness depended on habitat, nest placement, and migratory behavior. We found highest correlations for habitat-based guilds, such as grassland breeding species (R2adj 0.66–0.73 for the multiple DHI regression model; R2adj 0.41–0.61 for minimum DHI) and woodland breeding species (R2adj 0.34–0.60 for the multiple DHI regression model; R2adj 0.26–0.51 for cumulative DHI). The strong relationship between the DHIs and bird species richness reinforces the importance of vegetation productivity as a determinant of species diversity patterns, and the usefulness of satellite data for applying the species energy hypothesis to predictions in service to conservation.
•MODIS satellite data useful in biodiversity assessments like bird species richness•Testing species energy hypothesis using Dynamic Habitat Indices (DHIs) from MODIS•Evaluation of different vegetation productivity data (NDVI, EVI, FPAR, LAI and GPP)•No statistical differences in models comparing DHIs derived from different products•Power to predict richness from DHI dependent on target bird functional guild
Bardet-Biedl syndrome Forsythe, Elizabeth; Beales, Philip L
European journal of human genetics : EJHG,
01/2013, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterised by retinal dystrophy, obesity, post-axial polydactyly, renal dysfunction, learning difficulties and hypogonadism. ...Many associated minor features can be helpful in making a diagnosis and are important in the clinical management of BBS. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings and can be confirmed by sequencing of known disease-causing genes in 80% of patients. BBS genes encode proteins that localise to the cilia and basal body and are involved in cilia biogenesis and function. Mutations lead to defective cilia accounting in part for the pleiotropic effects observed in BBS. We provide an overview of BBS including the clinical findings, current understanding of cilia biology, and a practical approach to diagnosis, genetic counselling and up-to-date management.
Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a recessive genetic disease causing multiple organ anomalies. Most patients carry mutations in genes encoding for the subunits of the BBSome, an octameric ciliary ...transport complex, or accessory proteins involved in the BBSome assembly or function. BBS proteins have been extensively studied using in vitro, cellular, and animal models. However, the molecular functions of particular BBS proteins and the etiology of the BBS symptoms are still largely elusive. In this study, we applied a meta‐analysis approach to study the genotype‐phenotype association in humans using our database of all reported BBS patients. The analysis revealed that the identity of the causative gene and the character of the mutation partially predict the clinical outcome of the disease. Besides their potential use for clinical prognosis, our analysis revealed functional differences of particular BBS genes in humans. Core BBSome subunits BBS2, BBS7, and BBS9 manifest as more critical for the function and development of kidneys than peripheral subunits BBS1, BBS4, and BBS8/TTC8, suggesting that incomplete BBSome retains residual function at least in the kidney.
Mutations in the BBSome genes, ARL6/BBS3, or BBS chaperonin genes lead to the development of Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS). Renal anomalies are more frequent in patients with mutations in core BBSome subunits than in patients with mutations in peripheral BBSome subunits, suggesting that the BBSome core retains some residual function in kidneys.
•Asphalt healing behavior in terms of bonding properties were studied.•CT scan was used to describe the macro healing process inside the asphalt material.•Bonding healing is a long-stand behavior ...after multiple bonding failures.•Water and polymer modification weakens the asphalt bonding healing potential.•Mastics exhibits better healing properties than binders at all healing conditions.
Healing behavior of asphalt is crucial to the engineering performance of asphalt pavement and helps with extended service life. Therefore, the healing behavior of asphalt material has been widely investigated by extensive researchers. However, most studies focused on the evolution in asphalt modulus/stiffness and less attention was paid to the healing behavior in asphalt bonding properties. Even fewer researchers have discussed this topic at an asphalt mastic level. This study aims to evaluate the bonding healing behavior between the asphalt/aggregate interface using the bitumen bonding strength (BBS) test. Both asphalt binder and asphalt mastic were investigated. Numerous variables including healing time, healing temperature, presence of water, polymer modification and multiple healing cycles were discussed. Additionally, non-destructive X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan was conducted to visually confirm the macro healing process inside the asphalt material. Results suggest that bonding healing is a long-stand behavior, but after multiple fracture-healing cycles, the ultimate healing capability is quite low, especially for Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer modified asphalt. Mastic samples exhibited improved healing properties than binder samples at all healing conditions. At a reasonable high curing temperature of 40 °C, base asphalt mastic shows nearly 100% recovery rate. Based on CT scan test, water and polymer modification weakens the asphalt healing ability while extended healing time and increased temperature is beneficial.
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