El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la historiografía del contexto artístico de Barcelona de las últimas décadas. Para ello toma como caso de estudio el periodo de formación del Centre d'Art ...Santa Mònica (CASM). El CASM se estableció como centro de arte en Barcelona entre 2003 y 2007 siguiendo el modelo "Kunsthalle". El autor busca establecer la adecuación del centro en un mapa institucional dedicado al arte contemporáneo que estaba en construcción y desarrollo. El artículo también establece un paralelismo entre el CASM y los modelos de trabajo en la producción artística en el contexto internacional antes de la crisis de 2008. Además, busca situar históricamente el modelo instituido por el CASM en el origen del debate sobre la necesidad de un centro de arte en Barcelona. La investigación se basa en fuentes y documentos originales, reconstruyendo la historia del CASM en relación con otras instituciones paralelas en Barcelona y concluye con un análisis de los efectos y consecuencias de la interferencia política en el contexto institucional del arte de la ciudad.
Seventy two (54.5%) out of 132 fecal samples were positive for
either extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (51.5%),
carbapenemase (1.5%) or cephamycinase (1.5%) producing
Escherichia coli from a ...group of yellow-legged gulls in
Barcelona, Spain. The isolation of two carbapenemase-producing
E. coli strains is a matter of concern.
Antibiotics, such as sulfonamides (SAs), have recently raised concern as wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) partly remove them, and thus, SAs continuously enter the aquifers. In this context, the ...aims of this work are to (1) investigate the temporal evolution of SAs and metabolites in an urban aquifer recharged by a polluted river; (2) identify the potential geochemical processes that might affect SAs in the river-groundwater interface and (3) evaluate the ecological and human health risk assessment of SAs. To this end, 14 SAs and 4 metabolites were analyzed in river and urban groundwater from the metropolitan area of Barcelona (NE, Spain) in three different sampling campaigns. These substances had a distinct behavior when river water, which is the main recharge source, infiltrates the aquifer. Mixing of the river water recharge into the aquifer drives several redox reactions such as aerobic respiration and denitrification. This reducing character of the aquifer seemed to favor the natural attenuation of some SAs as sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfamethizole. However, most of the SAs detected were not likely to undergo degradation and adsorption because their concentrations were constant along groundwater flow path. In fact, the intensity of SAs adsorption is low as the retardation factors are close to 1 at average groundwater pH of 7.2 for most SAs.
Finally, risk quotients (RQs) are used to evaluate the ecological and human health risks posed by single and mixture of SAs in river water and groundwater, respectively. Life-stage RQs of the SAs detected in groundwater for the 8 age intervals were low, indicating that SAs and their mixture do not pose any risk to human beings. Concerning the environmental risk assessment, SAs do not pose any risk for algae, fish and crustaceans as the RQs evaluated are further lower than 0.1.
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•14 sulfonamides (SAs) and 4 metabolites are analyzed in river and urban groundwater.•SAs present distinct behavior when river water infiltrates the aquifer.•Some SAs are naturally removed under the nitrate reducing groundwater conditions.•Other SAs are persistent as their concentrations remain constant along the flow path.•SAs pose no ecological and human health risks at detected concentrations.
Sulfonamide antibiotics and their metabolites do not pose any risk to human health in an urban aquifer that is a potential source of water supply.
This study presents the details of the execution of an iconographic sculptural program made in 1802 to decorate the Casa Lonja in Barcelona, but also as a tribute to a royal visit. A methodological ...line is proposed that describes the reason for its realization, supported by the appearance of the Escuela Gratuita de Diseño and the interests of the Junta de Comercio. The objectives are to demonstrate the importance of a material such as plaster for the training of its students and situate the panorama of Catalan sculpture of the time, with artists far from the use of marble for economic reasons as one of the most relevant conclusions. Despite everything, one of the patrimonial riches of the current Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi resides in its current collection of plaster figures, among those that is recovered for art those that one day formed part of its history and that only some images and specific documents allow us to intuit its scope and specify its location.
Este estudo apresenta os detalhes da execução de um programa iconográfico escultórico realizado em 1802 para decorar a Casa Lonja de Barcelona, mas também como homenagem a uma visita real. Propõe-se uma linha metodológica que descreve o porquê da sua realização, apoiada na aparição da Escola Gratuita de Desenho e os interesses da Junta de Comércio. Os objetivos são demonstrar a importância de um material como o gesso para a formação de seus estudantes e situar o panorama da escultura catalã da época, com artistas afastados do uso do mármore por questões económicas como uma das conclusões mais relevantes. Apesar de tudo, uma das riquezas patrimoniais da atual Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi reside na sua atual coleção de figuras de gesso, entre as que se recupera para a arte as que um dia fizeram parte de sua história e que só algumas imagens e documentos concretos nos permitem intuir sua envergadura e especificar sua localização.
Este estudio plantea los pormenores de la ejecución de un programa iconográfico escultórico realizado en 1802 para decorar la Casa Lonja de Barcelona, pero también como homenaje a una visita real. Se propone una línea metodológica que describe el porqué de su realización, apoyada en la aparición de la Escuela Gratuita de Diseño y los intereses de la Junta de Comercio. Los objetivos son demostrar la importancia de un material como el yeso para la formación de sus estudiantes y situar el panorama de la escultura catalana de la época, con artistas alejados del uso del mármol por cuestiones económicas como una de las conclusiones más relevantes. Pese a todo, una de las riquezas patrimoniales de la actual Reial Acadèmia Catalana de Belles Arts de Sant Jordi reside en su actual colección de figuras de yeso, entre las que se recupera para el arte las que un día formaron parte de su historia y que solo algunas imágenes y documentos concretos nos permiten intuir su envergadura y concretar su ubicación.
ABSTRACT
In this last decade, Spanish urban areas have received large amounts of international immigrants, modifying (sub)urban dynamics. The paper specifically explores the metropolitan region of ...Barcelona (RMB), where, between 1998 and 2009, foreign nationality residents rose from 1.8 to 14.9 per cent of total population. Research focuses on the impact of foreign immigration on three specific dynamics: population growth and distribution/segregation of both Spanish and foreign populations within the metropolitan area; their respective residential mobility patterns; and consequences on their age and sex structure. Results show that there are remarkable differences between the two populations: foreign immigrants have preferably settled in the core city's least affluent neighbourhoods and, in a second phase, in inner ring municipalities, while the Spanish population continues to move to suburban municipalities.
As immigrants settle in new places, they are faced with endless uncertainties that prevent them from feeling that they belong. From language barriers, to differing social norms, to legal boundaries ...separating them from established residents, they are constantly navigating shifting and contradictory expectations both to assimilate to their new culture and to honor their native one. In A Place to Call Home, Ernesto Castañeda offers a uniquely comparative portrait of immigrant expectations and experiences. Drawing on fourteen years of ethnographic observation and hundreds of interviews with documented and undocumented immigrants and their children, Castañeda sets out to determine how different locations can aid or disrupt the process of immigrant integration. Focusing on New York City, Paris, and Barcelona—immigration hubs in their respective countries—he compares the experiences of both Latino and North African migrants, and finds that subjective understandings, local contexts, national and regional history, and religious institutions are all factors that profoundly impact the personal journey to belonging.
Barcelona's redevelopment has been widely celebrated for its apparently successful combination of cultural strategies with urban regeneration to address social problems. The ‘Barcelona model’ has ...evolved, however, with changing relationships between urban regeneration, the use of culture and modes of governance. The role of cultural strategy has shifted from being part of a cultural vernacular with social and political citizenship at its core to become a functional tool for ensuring social cohesion and marketing the city's brand. This is linked to a gradual dilution of bottom‐up participatory democracy in governance. Pressures for international competitiveness are challenging the sustainability of the ‘Barcelona model’, while local actors are trying to ensure social justice at home.
Résumé
Le réaménagement de Barcelone a été salué pour son alliance apparemment réussie de stratégies culturelles et de régénération urbaine destinée à remédier aux problèmes sociaux. Cependant, le ‘modèle de Barcelone’ a évolué avec les nouveaux rapports entre régénération urbaine, utilisation de la culture et modes de gouvernance. La stratégie culturelle a changé de rôle : de style local culturel nourrissant une citoyenneté sociale et politique, elle est devenue un outil fonctionnel visant à assurer la cohésion sociale et à commercialiser la marque de la ville. Cette situation est liée à un déclin progressif de la démocratie participative ascendante dans la gouvernance. Les tensions créées par la concurrence internationale remettent en question la pérennité du ‘modèle de Barcelone’, tandis que les acteurs locaux tentent de garantir la justice sociale sur place.
A method to solve minimum-lap-time problems using quasi-steady-state models and free (i.e. not predetermined) trajectory on two-dimensional tracks has been recently proposed. This work describes the ...extension of the method to three-dimensional tracks and builds upon g-g-g diagrams (instead of the standard g-g), to account for the effects of three-dimensionality. The main features of car and motorcycle g-g-g diagrams are discussed, to get insight into the main effects of three-dimensionality and to suggest a convenient parametrisation for the subsequent optimal control problem (OCP), whose size is not affected by the complexity of the vehicle model employed to generate the g-g-g diagrams. The application of the method to the Mugello and Barcelona-Catalunya circuits is given, with vehicle datasets resembling those of a race motorcycle (MotoGP) and a race car (Formula One). The results obtained are in line with those reported in the literature using full-dynamic models, yet such dynamic models are generally associated with the solution of much larger OCP.
Satellite data is increasingly used to characterize green space for health outcome studies. Literature suggests that green space within 500 m of home is often used to represent neighborhood suitable ...for walking, air pollution and noise reduction, and natural healing. In this paper, we used satellite data of different spatial resolutions to derive normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), an indicator of surface greenness, at buffer distances of 50, 100, 250 and 500 m. Data included those of 2 m spatial resolution from WorldView2, 5 m resolution from RapidEye and 30 m resolution from Landsat. We found that, after radiometric calibrations, the RapidEye and WorldView2 sensors had similar NDVI values, while Landsat imagery tended to have greater NDVI; however, these sensors showed similar vegetation distribution: locations high in vegetation cover being high in NDVI, and vice versa. We linked the green space estimates to a health survey, and identified that higher NDVI values were significantly associated with better health outcomes. We further investigated the impacts of buffer size and sensor spatial resolution on identified associations between NDVI and health outcomes. Overall, the identified health outcomes were similar across sensors of different spatial resolutions, but a mean trend was identified in bigger buffer size being associated with greater health outcome.
•Coarser spatial resolution in Landsat data tended to over-estimate green cover•Higher vegetation index was associated with better perceived health, better mental health and greater physical activity•Satellite sensor spatial resolution did not impact identified associations between green space metrics and health outcomes•Green space metrics from larger buffer sizes showed stronger associations with health outcomes
This study evaluates the performance of urban schemes integrated in the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) using Local Climate Zones (LCZ) as land use classification. We applied two ...multi-layer urban schemes: 1) Building Effect Parameterization (BEP) and 2) Building Energy Model coupled with BEP (BEP + BEM), over the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (MAB) at 1km2 horizontal resolution for July 2016. These two simulations were compared with observations and a standard WRF simulation (BULK approach). Corine Land Cover 2012 provides background information for the entire simulation domain, while the LCZ covers MAB classifying the land cover into 10 classes according to urban morphology and thermal properties.
BULK and multi-layer urban scheme experiments present a similar general error trend: overestimation of relative humidity and planetary boundary layer height and underestimation of temperature. Although BEP has the best correlation with observations, this is the scheme with the highest value of bias and RMSE for temperature and relative humidity, in particular during the night/morning. On the other hand, BEP + BEM performed with the minimum RMSE associated for temperature and relative humidity in the entire domain. BEP + BEM has shown to be more sensitive than the other schemes over locations where the land use in the model grid differs to the real one, which is a common consequent limitation of horizontal model resolution. This study also suggests that depending on the synoptic condition the scheme accuracy on determining PBLH might change considerably.
•Multi-layer urban schemes (BEP and BEP+BEM) are applied over Barcelona at high-resolution.•Local climate zones database is used to characterize urban area in terms of land use, buildings and streets geometry, as well as physic properties of surfaces.•The use of urban schemes revealed to be fundamental to generate improved meteorological fields in urban areas.
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