In this wide-ranging and stimulating book, a leading authority on the history of medicine and science presents convincing evidence that Dutch commerce-not religion-inspired the rise of science in the ...sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Harold J. Cook scrutinizes a wealth of historical documents relating to the study of medicine and natural history in the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe, Brazil, South Africa, and Asia during this era, and his conclusions are fresh and exciting. He uncovers direct links between the rise of trade and commerce in the Dutch Empire and the flourishing of scientific investigation.Cook argues that engaging in commerce changed the thinking of Dutch citizens, leading to a new emphasis on such values as objectivity, accumulation, and description. The preference for accurate information that accompanied the rise of commerce also laid the groundwork for the rise of science globally, wherever the Dutch engaged in trade. Medicine and natural history were fundamental aspects of this new science, as reflected in the development of gardens for both pleasure and botanical study, anatomical theaters, curiosity cabinets, and richly illustrated books about nature. Sweeping in scope and original in its insights, this book revises previous understandings of the history of science and ideas.
Makelaars in kennis Verhoeven, Gerrit; Kuijpers, Erika
2022, 2022-11-28
eBook
Informatievoorziening in de vroegmoderne Nederlanden
We leven in een koortsachtige
informatiemaatschappij. Voortdurend worden we overspoeld met nieuws, kennis,
roddels en faits divers via sociale en ...meer traditionele media. Vaak
stelt die overvloed aan informatie ons voor de vraag wat te kijken, te lezen of
te beluisteren? Wat te geloven of te wantrouwen, en vooral wat te onthouden of
te bewaren? Hoewel de snelheid waarmee informatie in vroegere tijden
circuleerde aanzienlijk lager lag, waren de vragen niet fundamenteel anders.
Ook in de vroegmoderne periode waren mensen voor hun informatievoorziening
afhankelijk van netwerken van correspondenten, van makelaars in kennis en
informatie. En ook toen was niet alle informatie even nuttig of betrouwbaar.
Dit dossier van Nieuwe Tijdingen laat zien hoe kooplui, diplomaten,
wetenschappers, verzamelaars, artiesten, maar ook gewone geletterde burgers
informatie verzamelden, filterden, ordenden, bewaarden en gebruikten.
Interdisciplinary study of Spinola's
turbulent life
Many of the most significant studies devoted to Ambrogio Spinola
have focused on one particular aspect of his life: his successful
military career. ...This volume, through its interdisciplinary and
cultural approach, breaks open this all too narrow perspective and
expands our understanding of Spinola and his world. As a great
military strategist and Catholic knight, entrepreneur in the
international finance market, courtier, and diplomat, Spinola was
certainly a Genoese, but he was also a member of the transnational
Iberian elite, to which he linked his fate and that of his
children. His life's journey between Italy, Flanders, and Spain,
and the reinterpretations of his life by his contemporaries in art,
literature, and the press, give us the opportunity to reflect on
the multiple identities and the physical and mental wanderings of
many Europeans of the Early Modern Age. Ambrogio Spinola offers an
example of humanity that is impossible to capture in a single
reading and is much more contemporary than we can imagine.
Ambrogio Spinola between Genoa, Flanders, and Spain
allows the reader to better understand not only his military
activities, but also (and above all) the family, social and
political foundations of his successful career, as well as the
various forms of art and communication (literature, architecture,
paintings, sculptures, engravings, newspapers, etc.), which were
used to celebrate him both during his life and beyond.
Contributors: Blythe Alice Raviola (University of Milan),
Emiliano Beri (University of Genoa), Alicia Esteban Estríngana
(University of Alcala), Dries Raeymaekers (Radboud University),
Davide Maffi (University of Pavia), Nina Lamal (Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and Sciences), Paul Arblaster (Saint-Louis
University Brussels), Enrico Zucchi (University of Padua), Laura
Stagno (University of Genoa)
This publication is GPRC-labeled (Guaranteed Peer-Reviewed
Content).
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•GaN/BAs van der Walls heterostructures are semiconductors and dynamically stable.•The band gaps of GaN/BAs heterostructures are in the visible light region.•GaN/BAs have wide ...absorption coefficient curves in the solar spectrum range.•The stacking order is useful in the optoelectronic and nanoelectronic applications.•These heterostructures can be suitable for solar cell applications.
First-principle calculations have been executed to examine the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional GaN/BAs heterostructures with three possible stacking orders. It has been disclosed that these heterostructures are semiconductors and dynamically stable. Also, it should be accentuated that AB and BB stackings have indirect band gaps of about 1.71 and 1.685 eV, respectively. Most importantly, AA stacking exhibit a direct band gap of 0.676 eV pointing out that it is helpful to photocatalysis. Owing to special optical and electronic properties of GaN/BAs vdW heterostructures, it is ratiocinated that these heterostructures can be congenial for the solar cell applications.
The decades around 1800 constitute the seminal period of European nationalism. The linguistic corollary of this was the rise of standard language ideology, from Finland to Spain, and from Iceland to ...the Habsburg Empire. Amidst these international events, the case of Dutch in the Netherlands offers a unique example. After the rise of the ideology from the 1750s onwards, the new discourse of one language–one nation was swiftly transformed into concrete top-down policies aimed at the dissemination of the newly devised standard language across the entire population of the newly established Dutch nation-state. Thus, the Dutch case offers an exciting perspective on the concomitant rise of cultural nationalism, national language planning and standard language ideology. This study offers a comprehensive yet detailed analysis of these phenomena by focussing on the ideology underpinning the new language policy, the institutionalisation of this ideology in metalinguistic discourse, the implementation of the policy in education, and the effects of the policy on actual language use.
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•The MoTe2/BAs heterostructure is an excellent candidate for direct Z-scheme photocatalyst.•The band edges fulfil the requirements of photocatalytic water splitting with pH 0 to pH ...7.•The light absorption coefficient can reach 5.2 × 104 cm−1 in the range of visible light.•Solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is much higher than other TMDs-based heterostructures.
The photocatalytic efficiency of monolayer materials can be greatly improved by constructing two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. In this work, the electronic properties and photocatalytic mechanism of the MoTe2/BAs heterostructure with a stable structure are explored via the density functional theory. According to our results, the heterostructure, with a direct band gap value of 0.70 eV, has an intrinsic type-II band alignment that provides indispensable conditions for photocatalytic applications. The built-in electric field formed at the interface accelerates the reorganization of photogenerated holes in MoTe2 and photogenerated electrons in BAs, which results in the photogenerated electrons and holes in the heterostructure accumulate in CB of MoTe2 and VB of BAs, respectively. The spatial separation of photoexcited electrons and holes prolongs the lifespan of carriers and enhances the photocatalytic efficiency of the MoTe2/BAs heterostructure. Besides, these results demonstrate that the heterostructure possesses higher carrier mobility and a higher light absorption coefficient than two monolayers. The MoTe2/BAs heterostructure also has a remarkable solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. These distinguishing features confirm the truth that the MoTe2/BAs heterostructure has promising prospects in the sphere of photocatalysis for water splitting.
This book offers a tour of the history of medical virology in the Netherlands from the nineteenth century to the new millennium. Beginning with the discovery of the first virus by Martinus Beijerinck ...in 1898, the authors investigate the reception and redefinition of his concept in medical circles and its implications for medical practice, particularly in the diagnosis and prevention of viral infections. The relatively slow progress of these areas in the first half of the twentieth century and their explosive growth in the wake of molecular techniques are examined. The surveillance and control of virus diseases in the field of public health is treated in depth, as are tumour virus research and the important Dutch contributions to technical developments instrumental in advancing virology worldwide. Particular attention is paid to oft forgotten virus research in the former Dutch colonies in the East and West Indies and Africa.
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•Six new stable phases of BAs are predicted.•The predicted BAs of the six structures are all indirect bandgap semiconductor materials and brittle materials.•The band gap of the R3m ...BAs is larger than that of the traditional cubic boron arsenide.•The anisotropy of four new BAs phases is lower than that of traditional cubic boron arsenide.
The new stable structure of BAs under normal pressure is predicted by combining CALYPSO structure search method and first-principles calculations. Six new phases of BAs compounds are predicted, which are R3m BAs, P63mc BAs, P63/mmc BAs, P3m1 BAs, Pnnm BAs and Pm BAs. According to their elastic constants and phonon dispersion, they are mechanically stable and dynamically stable. The elastic constants, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, anisotropy index, sound velocity, and Debye temperature of the six BAs structures are obtained. The Young’s modulus of these six structures is lower than that of cubic boron arsenide, and the Young’s modulus of R3m BAs is the smallest. The calculated B/G and Poisson’s ratio show that the six BAs structures are brittle materials. The electronic structures of these six BAs structures are calculated by PBE and HSE06 functionals. The calculation results show that they are all indirect band gap semiconductor materials, and the band gap of R3m BAs is the largest. The electron distribution and bonding of six predicted BAs compounds are analyzed.
•A review of 90 references on the clean-up and analytical techniques of BAs is presented.•A proposed pathway for formation and mechanism of BAs is demonstrated.•A brief discussion on the limitations ...and outlook for clean up and analysis of BAs are demonstrated.•Outlook on the future analytical techniques for analysis of Bas.
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In the past few years, we have seen intense interest grow in chemistry, toxicity and analysis of biogenic amines (BAs). Thus, a comprehensive review on clean-up and recent advances in analysis of biogenic amines (BAs) in human body and dairy products of foodstuffs are presented. Liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), cloud point extraction and hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction represent the most common preconcentration techniques for BAs. HPLC, GC, TLC, spectrofluorimetry, capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry are the most common analytical techniques used for analysis of BAs. DLLME techniques offer benefits over centrifugation, filtration and solid-phase extraction. The milestones and combination of nanotechniques in the DLLMEs field and green aspects of BAs in literature; advantages and drawbacks are addressed. A major focus on analysis of BAs revealed no use of coupling DLLME techniques with electroanalytical techniques in particular stripping voltammetry. Thus, voltammetric techniques at surface modified electrodes implemented with DLLME techniques is highly recommended for developing low cost and precise methods for analysis of BAs at ultra trace levels in foodstuffs. Conclusions have been drawn for future research is proposed.
Beauty or statistics Theunissen, Bert
Beauty or statistics,
2020, 2020, 2020-02-24
eBook
In the 1970s, scientists claimed that farm animal breeding was finally evolving from an art into a science. In their view, the switch to scientific breeding was as inevitable as the ongoing process ...of agricultural modernization. However, the art-to-science scenario is too simplistic to do justice to the complex dynamic that characterized the transformation of the field. The livestock breeds that take centre stage in this book -- dairy cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, and horses -- were products of the twentieth century. The methods used by breeders to improve their animals, however, were much older. Tracing the history of practical stockbreeding, the role of Mendelism in scientific breeding, and the emergence of quantitative genetics, Beauty or Statistics shows that the story of the scientific modernization of livestock breeding can be more fruitfully analysed from the perspective of changing cultures of breeding, taking practical, commercial, normative, and aesthetic considerations into account.
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