Beauty or statistics Theunissen, Bert
Beauty or statistics,
2020, 2020, 2020-02-24
eBook
In the 1970s, scientists claimed that farm animal breeding was finally evolving from an art into a science. In their view, the switch to scientific breeding was as inevitable as the ongoing process ...of agricultural modernization. However, the art-to-science scenario is too simplistic to do justice to the complex dynamic that characterized the transformation of the field. The livestock breeds that take centre stage in this book -- dairy cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, and horses -- were products of the twentieth century. The methods used by breeders to improve their animals, however, were much older. Tracing the history of practical stockbreeding, the role of Mendelism in scientific breeding, and the emergence of quantitative genetics, Beauty or Statistics shows that the story of the scientific modernization of livestock breeding can be more fruitfully analysed from the perspective of changing cultures of breeding, taking practical, commercial, normative, and aesthetic considerations into account.
The Correspondence of Erasmus Erasmus, Desiderius; Estes, James M; Fantazzi, Charles
2019, 2018-05-02, 2018-04-13, Letnik:
18
eBook
Volume 18 in the Collected Works of Erasmus series covers the period from 1 April 1531 to 30 March 1532. The most persistent theme in the letters is the fear, to which Erasmus had long been prey, ...that the religious strife in Germany and Switzerland would eventually lead to armed conflict.
This book has been a long time in the making. When we left the field for the final time in 2009 we could only guess at what exactly we had found – we did not even have firm dates for most of the ...graves discovered. The post-excavation analysis of the finds and features proved to be a challenging task, and our interpretations had to be adjusted several times. This was for an important part due to the very complex soils and difficult-to-read features that made even the simplest questions such as ‘where does a mound begin and end’ difficult to answer.
In light of the considerable contribution of motivation to personality, the present study intended to validate a questionnaire assessing individual differences in approach and avoidance motivations. ...Based on the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory (R-RST), this questionnaire aimed at assessing a behavioral approach system domain composed of two facets (i.e., reward approach and reward reactivity), a flight-freeze system domain composed of 2 facets (i.e., flight and freeze), and a behavioral inhibition system domain. The initial version of the questionnaire was administrated to a pretest sample (N = 200), and its final version was administrated to a broader sample (N = 400). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that our hypothesized hierarchical structure fitted data in an acceptable manner, reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and relationships with other variables were consistent with predictions derived from the R-RST. The contribution of the present questionnaire to the assessment of approach and avoidance motivations is discussed.
In this paper, we present an end-to-end neural solution to model portrait bas-relief from a single photograph, which is cast as a problem of image-to-depth translation. The main challenge is the lack ...of bas-relief data for network training. To solve this problem, we propose a semi-automatic pipeline to synthesize bas-relief samples. The main idea is to first construct normal maps from photos, and then generate bas-relief samples by reconstructing pixel-wise depths. In total, our synthetic dataset contains 23 k pixel-wise photo/bas-relief pairs. Since the process of bas-relief synthesis requires a certain amount of user interactions, we propose end-to-end solutions with various network architectures, and train them on the synthetic data. We select the one that gave the best results through qualitative and quantitative comparisons. Experiments on numerous portrait photos, comparisons with state-of-the-art methods and evaluations by artists have proven the effectiveness and efficiency of the selected network.
When ways of life collide Sniderman, Paul M; Hagendoorn, Louk
2007., 20090202, 2009, 2007, 2007-01-01, 20070101
eBook
In 2004, Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh was brutally murdered on a busy Amsterdam street. His killer was Mohammed Bouyeri, a twenty-six-year-old Dutch Moroccan offended by van Gogh's controversial ...film about Muslim suppression of women. The Dutch government had funded separate schools, housing projects, broadcast media, and community organizations for Muslim immigrants, all under the umbrella of multiculturalism. But the reality of terrorism and radicalization of Muslim immigrants has shattered that dream. In this arresting book, Paul Sniderman and Louk Hagendoorn demonstrate that there are deep conflicts of values in the Netherlands. In the eyes of the Dutch, for example, Muslims oppress women, treating them as inferior to men. In the eyes of Muslim immigrants, Western Europeans deny women the respect they deserve. Western Europe has become a cultural conflict zone. Two ways of life are colliding.
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), developed by the National Institute of Mental Health as a neuroscience-informed alternative to traditional psychiatric nosology, is an explicitly dimensional ...system in which classification of psychopathology is derived inductively (i.e., from basic science), across multiple levels of analysis (e.g., genetic, neural, psychophysiological, and behavioral). Although RDoC is often presented as paradigmatically revolutionary, a review of the history of psychophysiology suggests that roots of RDoC thinking extend at least as far back as the mid-20th Century. In this paper, we briefly and selectively review the historical emergence of neurobiologically-informed dimensional trait models of psychopathology, and we summarize our thinking regarding high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) as a transdiagnostic biomarker of self-regulation and cognitive control. When functional interactions between HF-HRV and systems of behavioral approach and avoidance are considered, diverse patterns of behavioral maladjustment can be subsumed into a single model. This model accommodates the general bifactor structure of psychopathology, and suggests that HF-HRV can be viewed as an autonomic, transdiagnostic biomarker of mental illness.
•RDoC is an inductive system of classifying psychopathology across levels of analysis.•In psychophysiology, RDoC thinking extends back to the mid-20th Century.•Heart rate variability (HRV) is a transdiagnostic biomarker of self-regulation.•HRV, combined with other biobehavioral systems, explains diversity of psychopathology.•This model accommodates the general bifactor structure of psychopathology.
The present narrative review addresses issues concerning the defining criteria and conceptual underpinnings of pain catastrophizing. To date, the concept of pain catastrophizing has been extensively ...used in many clinical and experimental contexts and it is considered as one of the most important psychological correlate of pain chronicity and disability. Although its extensive use, we are still facing important problems related to its defining criteria and conceptual understanding. At present, there is no general theoretical agreement of what catastrophizing really is. The lack of a consensus on its definition and conceptual issues has important consequences on the choice of the pain management approaches, defining and identifying problems, and promoting novel research. Clinical and research work in absence of a common theoretical ground is often trivial. It is very surprising that clinical and experimental work has grown extensively in the past years, without a common ground in the form of a clear definition of pain catastrophizing and overview of its conceptual basis. Improving the efficacy and efficiency of pan catastrophizing related treatments requires an understanding of the theoretical construct. So far, most interventions have only demonstrated modest effects in reducing pain catastrophizing. Therefore, clarifying the construct may be an important precursor for developing more targeted and effective interventions, thereby easing some of the burden related to this aspect of pain. In our review, we have extracted and de-constructed common elements that emerge from different theoretical models with the aim to understand the concept of catastrophizing, which components can be modulated by psychological interventions, and the general role in pain processing. The analysis of the literature has indicated essential key elements to explain pain catastrophizing: emotional regulation, catastrophic worry (as repetitive negative thinking), rumination, behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation (BIS/BAS) systems, and interoceptive sensitivity. The present paper attempts to integrate these key elements with the aim to re-compose and unify the concept within a modern biopsychosocial interpretation of catastrophizing.
Although we have always been fascinated with famous people, the
invention of modern celebrity culture dates to the nineteenth
century. During Romanticism, literary authors occupied a prominent
...position among early stars. These changes not only had implications
for the cultural role of the author, but also that of the public. A
star exists by virtue of its audience, and as authors became public
figures, the phenomenon of the fan and associated culture of fandom
came into existence. Star Authors in the Age of
Romanticism analyzes Dutch literary celebrity culture
specifically while also examining its unique place in a growing
body of international scholarship on the subject. This book
examines the Dutch development of literary celebrity by focusing on
five famous Dutch authors from the nineteenth century: Willem
Bilderdijk, Hendrik Tollens, Nicolaas Beets, François HaverSchmidt
(alias Piet Paaltjens), and Eduard Douwes Dekker (better known as
Multatuli).
The contributions of Understanding the Sources of Early Modern and Modern Commercial Law show an excellent assemblage of sources which historians of commercial law use. Besides normative sources, ...others are often needed to complement them.
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