This paper proposes an algorithm for the rapid generation of bas-reliefs based on point clouds, which involves two steps: generation of a coarse model and establishment of fine mesh surfaces of the ...model. In the first step, a modified Z-Buffer algorithm is adopted to designate the visibility of every point before control points in a gridded distribution are arranged on the base plane of a relief. Afterwards, under the constraints of depth and normal information, the optimal compression ratio of the control points is obtained through use of a linear solution. For the compression ratio, bilinear interpolation is performed to generate an original model of the relief. In the establishment of the fine mesh surfaces, an index for measuring surface changes is proposed to adjust the height of the relief once again so as to highlight its detailed features. The aforementioned algorithm is verified by experimental work.
Display omitted
Early modern copperplate engravers, painters, and printers produced an increasing number of images that depicted Jewish individuals or more often groups of Jewish men and women. Many of these images ...sought to present an ideal type, displaying (allegedly) typical Jewish dress and outward appearance. Some of these images saw adaptations already during the eighteenth-century, but all were photographed, reprinted, adapted, and altered from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. This article choses three images - an engraving of a Jewish man and woman from an early-eighteenth century costume book, the depiction of a Jewish couple from a late eighteenth-century painting, and the painting of Bertha Pappenheim posing as early modern Jewish merchant Glikl bas Judah from the early twentieth century - and follows their adaptations over time. I analyze how these adaptations were (re)used in different contexts and the problems they may create for historians as well as for (non-professional) observers interested in the history of early modern European Jewry. The afterlife of these early modern images is often framed in a discourse of Jewish belonging and identity. Especially popular adaptations are characterized by an uncritical and sometimes ahistorical approach to these images.
Background
The delivery of physical activity (PA) promotion messages is an important component of any PA intervention. Gain‐framed messages appear beneficial for prevention (rather than detection) ...behaviors such as PA, but the effects are small and inconsistent. It is possible that these effects are moderated by motivational traits, but this has not been systematically tested in the context of PA promotion messages. This study tested whether motivational traits interact with message features to influence basic subjective perceptions of a standardised set of very brief PA promotion statements.
Methods
Fifteen statements were developed across five conditions, manipulated according to frame and kernel state. Participants (n = 800) rated statement content using semantic differential scales reflecting perceived gains/losses, costs/benefits, and positive/negative outcomes. Traits and PA were measured by survey.
Results
Structural equation models revealed that ratings of gain‐framed statements were positively related to approach motivation, and ratings of loss‐framed statements were negatively related to avoidance motivation.
Conclusions
Observations support the presence of a congruency effect of motivational traits and message frame on basic perceptions of message content. Future studies should test the impact of these biases on indices of persuasion (attitude and intention) as well as intervention reach and effectiveness.
Research suggests that interpersonal approach-avoidance behaviours influence group evaluations. However, previous work partly neglected the multi-sensory and contextual cues at stake during ...interpersonal interactions and may offer a limited picture of the phenomenon. Here, we argue that immersive virtual reality (IVR) represents a useful tool to address this issue. In IVR, we implemented interpersonal approach-avoidance behaviours and tested their construct validity. Based on a careful examination of the literature, we defined two construct validity criteria: the evaluative influence of repeated approach-avoidance behaviours as well as the activation of the corresponding neuropsychological systems. In two experiments (NExp1 = 199, NExp2 = 205), we tested whether, compared to avoidance, approach leads to more positive group evaluations on self-report, reaction time based and behavioural intention measures. Additionally, we investigated whether the IVR operationalisations influence the neuropsychological systems assumed to underlie approach-avoidance behaviours. Overall, the findings are not consistent with the hypotheses and do not conclusively validate our IVR approach-avoidance operationalisation. Although additional research should examine more thoroughly the issues raised by the current work by investigating new ways of implementing approach-avoidance in IVR, the present contribution paves the way for such future developments. Despite these challenges, we encourage a consideration of the full-fledged subtleties of social interactions via adequate tools (IVR) for the study of approach-avoidance.
This investigation is centrally focused on the comprehensive evolution and enhancement of FOODIEBOT(shortened name for food delivery robot, an adaptive service automaton with a wide range of ...functionalities. Its capabilities encompass sophisticated image processing methods, seamlessly integrated via mobile applications (APP) and web interfaces, tailored specifically for intricate object manipulation in dining hall settings. During its developmental phase, the precise calibration of PID controller coefficients emerged as an essential requirement. The model underwent meticulous scrutiny through detailed simulations using MATLAB software. Following this phase, its operational efficiency navigating through circular, elliptical, spiral, and octagonal trajectories underwent rigorous examination, utilizing optimization methodologies like Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Pelican Optimization Algorithm (POA), and Equilibrium Optimizer (EO). The exposition emphasizes the diverse dispersion of optimized coefficients within each algorithmic framework. The pinnacle of this effort involved a comprehensive evaluation of pathway performance, amalgamating insights from each optimization paradigm. The discussion extensively delineates both simulated and real-time performance metrics of the robot, validating the accuracy and reliability of simulation in deriving PID controller values. In the comprehensive evaluation of methodologies and the robotic system's effectiveness, the BAS technique excels in operational efficiency. This method consistently outperforms its counterparts in execution time, primarily due to its meticulous optimization of particle count. The comparative analysis across various trajectories reveals intriguing insights. The EO approach showcases outstanding accuracy in Path 1, while the POA method achieves optimal precision in Path 3. Impressively, the BAS technique demonstrates unparalleled accuracy in Path 4. Furthermore, in terms of solution optimization, the BAS method consistently displays the shortest execution times across all traversed pathways. When examining maximum velocity along these routes, the PSO method excels in Paths 1, 3, and 4, consistently achieving the highest speeds. Notably, Path 2 uniquely displays the peak velocity attained by the POA method. This article presents comprehensive insights into the constituent elements of the robotic system's design. The inquiry delves into the intricate nuances of optimization methodologies, elucidating their profound impact on the service automaton's performance across diverse orientations. The pragmatic implications underscore the critical role of temporal considerations in the judicious selection of these methodologies. The observed congruence between simulated and practical performance serves as a definitive validation, affirming the precision of simulation computations and the subsequent derivation of PID controller values.
We apply rock mechanics concepts to the seismological observations in order to explain why during hydraulic injection some events display tensile and some shear deformation. The presence of non‐shear ...components depends on the differential stress and the fracture orientation with respect to the σ1 direction. Provided the slip vector is parallel to the traction we define four types of earthquakes according to the ratio of the shear and tensile components. Assuming a Griffith failure envelope, hybrid events containing both shear and tensile components can occur for fractures striking within 22.5° of σ1. We argue that pure tensile fractures striking parallel to σ1 are unlikely in the presence of natural fractures. The low shear traction of tensile events also implies their small stress drops. By applying the analysis to two different data sets, Soultz‐sous‐Forets and Cotton Valley, we show that different orientations of natural fractures and differential stress in the targeted formations made each region favorable for different non‐DC components in the injection‐induced seismicity.
Isotope analysis of collagen from high-resolution sequential samples of dentine has become a popular tool to provide diachronic insights into individual life histories including childhood diet, ...stress episodes, and mobility during the tooth formation period. New microsampling approaches improve temporal resolution enabling tracking of diet shifts within relatively short time-spans. These methods, however, necessarily deliver small samples and depend upon good collagen preservation at similar high-resolution scales. Yet present methods indicate state of collagen preservation only after sampling and isotope analysis. Here we present a method for prior determination of collagen preservation, based on differential autofluorescence imaging of tooth longitudinal thin sections to map regions of intact and degraded collagen in the corresponding sampling areas. We find that even in dentine areas that were apparently intact based on histology, decay was detected in fluorescence images and that these could be correlated to lower collagen amounts and higher C/N ratios. Areas identified as ‘severely decayed’ dissolved after demineralization. The presented dual-colour autofluorescence imaging approach allows determination of areas of degraded collagen at high resolution. This can be used to detect diagenetic changes in collagen ahead of sampling and facilitates selection of well-preserved samples.
Display omitted
•Diagenetic changes and the degree of collagen degradation in dentine can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy.•Autofluorescence can be used to map suitable areas for sampling.•Fluorescence imaging is an effective screening method to predict collagen quality and quantity ahead of sampling.
This longitudinal study examines associations between baseline individual differences and developmental changes in reward i.e. behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and relevant brain ...structures' volumes to prospective substance use initiation during adolescence. A community sample of adolescents ages 15-18 with no prior substance use was assessed for substance use initiation (i.e. initiation of regular alcohol use and/or any use of other substances) during a 2-year follow-up period and for alcohol use frequency in the last year of the follow-up. Longitudinal 'increases' in BAS sensitivity were associated with substance use initiation and increased alcohol use frequency during the follow-up. Moreover, adolescents with smaller left nucleus accumbens at baseline were more likely to initiate substance use during the follow-up period. This study provides support for the link between developmental increases in reward sensitivity and substance use initiation in adolescence. The study also emphasizes the potential importance of individual differences in volumes of subcortical regions and their structural development for substance use initiation during adolescence.
Research investigating the mechanisms that contribute to romantic love is in its infancy. The behavioral activation system is one biopsychological system that has been demonstrated to play a role in ...several motivational outcomes. This study was the first to investigate romantic love and the behavioral activation system. In study 1, the Behavioral Activation System—Sensitivity to a Loved One (BAS-SLO) Scale was validated in a sample of 1556 partnered young adults experiencing romantic love. In study 2, hierarchical linear regression was used to identify BAS-SLO Scale associations with the intensity of romantic love in a subsample of 812 partnered young adults experiencing romantic love for two years or less. The BAS-SLO Scale explained 8.89% of the variance in the intensity of romantic love. Subject to further validation and testing, the BAS-SLO Scale may be useful in future neuroimaging and psychological studies. The findings are considered in terms of the mechanisms and evolutionary history of romantic love.
According to the evidence-relative view of liability to defensive harm, a person is so liable if and only if she acts in a way that provides sufficient evidence to justify a (putative) victim’s ...belief that the person poses a threat of unjust harm, which may or may not be the case. Bas van der Vossen defends this position by analyzing, in relation to a version of Frank Jackson’s famous drug example, a case in which a putative murderer is killed by a putative victim. Van der Vossen submits that the putative murderer is liable to be killed, which is a verdict that can be accommodated only by the evidence-relative view. We argue that Van der Vossen’s attempt to ground the evidence-relative view of liability to defensive harm fails. We also argue that this notion should be construed in fact-relative terms. This, however, does not mean that the notion of permissibility should necessarily also be understood in such a way in all possible cases. So, we explore whether the evidence-relative view of permissibility may be used in some contexts.
PDF
