Beka (
(L.) Kurz) has been used as a culinary herb and natural remedy by the local communities in Malaysia. The leaf of
is traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea, high blood pressure, and ...improving digestive health.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and wound healing properties (
and
models) of aqueous and ethanol extracts of
leaves.
The total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents in the plant extracts were determined by the spectrophotometric methods. Further, the extract was characterized by Liquid Chromatography Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The wound healing activity was assessed using the
scratch wound-healing assay and
excisional wound model.
The results show the ethanol leaves extract had the higher TPC (164 mg GAE/g) when compared with the aqueous leaves extract (30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g). The ethanol leaves extract was also found to have higher TFC (101 mg Catechin equivalents/g) than the aqueous leaves extract (76 mg Catechin equivalents/g). The ethanol leaves extract was then used for further chemical analysis. The LC-TOF-MS/MS analysis showed that the leaves extracts of
contains many important compounds such as Orientin, Chrysin, Pinoquercetin, Cupressuflavone, Puerarin xyloside, Forsythiaside and Paederoside. In GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds were identified in ethanolic leaves extract. The wound healing studies shows that
has promising wound healing activity by increasing the rate of wound contraction significantly (
< 0.05).
In conclusion, the present study showed that
leaf contains important phytochemicals and the wound healing potential of the
extract may probably be as a result of the presence of various phytoconstituents.
Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e kadim bir geçmişi olan İzmir, 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi’nin en çok etkilediği yerlerin başında geldi. Krizin etkilerinin devam ettiği bir süreçte 1930 Belediye Seçimlerinde ...Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası ile Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası karşı karşıya geldi. Muhalefet her bölgede seçmenin karşısına farklı argümanlarla çıkarken İzmir’in ekonomik ve ticari dokusundan dolayı yatırım endeksli bir dil kullanımını tercih etti. İzmir, geniş bir hinterlanda sahip coğrafi konumu, ticaret kapasitesi, farklı kültürlerin ve inançların merkezi konumunda olduğundan seçimin kilit noktası olarak görüldü. İktidar, İzmir seçimlerinde Menemen gibi yerlerde muhalefetin kontrolsüz hareketleri ve irticai faaliyetlerin artmasından şikâyet ederken muhalefet ise; iktidarın Vali Kazım Bey ile işbirliği içerisine girerek seçim aygıtlarını kendilerine karşı kullandığı iddiasındaydı. İzmir Belediye Seçimlerinde en çok tartışılan konu iktidar tarafından üretilen muhalefette siyaset yapanların bir kısmının Milli Mücadele döneminde Yunanlılarla işbirliği içinde olduğu vurgusuydu. Bu söylem muhalefetle iktidarı karşı karşıya getirdi. Belediye Seçimlerinde göçmenlerin, mübadillerin ve Gayrimüslimlerin muhalefet fırkasına doğru eğilim göstermesi, iktidara türdeş bir toplum oluşturma projesinin aksaklıklarını görme olanağı tanıdı.
L’école se veut comme un lieu de socialisation, de modélisation de l’individu en vue d’optimiser son intégration sociale et professionnelle. Dans cette perspective, l’enseignant en tant que ...pédagogue, éducateur et père participe de cette dynamique, étant celui qui y veille afin de lui transmettre les clés utiles pour y parvenir. C’est ce que Monsieur l’Inspecteur Léon Allogho Beka a su incarner pendant 39 ans et 6 mois pour nombre d’élèves qu’il devait former, en leur transmettant la connaissance, le savoir, le savoir-faire et le savoir-être, indispensables pour eux en tant qu’êtres politiques. Monsieur l’Inspecteur Léon Allogho Beka faisait partie de cette catégorie d’enseignants dévoués, investis, préoccupés par le devenir de leurs apprenants. C’est pour cela qu’il ne se lassait jamais d’expliquer, de simplifier, de rendre pratiques et accessibles ses enseignements pour que tous les profils d’élèves puissent se les approprier. Il se dévouait également à les éduquer aux valeurs africaines, à leur inculquer des normes de conduite, des préceptes qui en fassent des hommes outillés, des acteurs du développement de leur société, de leur pays, le Gabon. Le présent travail est un hommage sur la vie, le parcours professionnel de Léon Allogho Beka un Inspecteur Pédagogique considéré comme un modèle d’intégrité, d’humilité, d’altruisme, de générosité, d’empathie qui a consacré sa vie à la formation de la jeunesse gabonaise.
La escuela se entiende como ese lugar de socialización, de modelización del individuo con miras a optimizar su integración social y profesional. En esta perspectiva, el docente como pedagogo, educador y padre participa de esta dinámica, siendo el que vigila a los docentes a fin de transmitirles las claves útiles para realizarlo. Es lo que Don Léon Allogho Beka supo personificar durante 39 años y 6 meses para muchos de los docentes que tenía que formar, transmitiéndoles el conocimiento, el saber, el saber hacer y el saber ser, indispensables para su integración como seres políticos. Don Léon Allogho Beka, formaba parte de esta categoría de docentes dedicados, comprometidos, preocupados por el porvenir de sus aprendices. Es por eso que no se desanimaba en explicar, simplificar, hacer prácticos y asequibles sus enseñanzas para que todos sus alumnos pudieran apropiárselas. Se dedicaba también a educarlos en los valores africanos, a inculcarles normas de conducta, preceptos que les convirtieran en hombres capacitados, actores del desarrollo de su sociedad, de su país, Gabón. El presente trabajo es un homenaje sobre la vida, el transcurso profesional de Don Léon Allogho Beka, un Inspector Pedagógico considerado como un modelo de integridad, de humildad, de altruismo, de generosidad, de empatía, que dedicó su vida para la formación de la juventud gabonesa.
A escola é entendida como aquele local de socialização, de modelagem do indivíduo com vistas a otimizar sua inserção social e profissional. Nessa perspectiva, o professor como pedagogo, educador e pai participa dessa dinâmica, sendo aquele que vigia para transmitir as chaves úteis para realizá-la. Foi o que Dom Léon Allogho Beka soube personificar durante 39 anos e 6 meses para muitos dos professores que teve de formar, transmitindo-lhes os saberes, saberes, saberes e saber ser, essenciais para a sua integração como seres políticos. O Sr. Léon Allogho Beka, fez parte desta categoria de professores dedicados e comprometidos, preocupados com o futuro de seus aprendizes. Por isso, não desanimava em explicar, simplificar, tornar seus ensinamentos práticos e acessíveis para que todos os perfis de seus alunos pudessem se apropriar deles. Ele também se dedicou a educá-los nos valores africanos, a incutir neles normas de conduta, preceitos que os tornassem homens capazes, atores no desenvolvimento de sua sociedade, de seu país, o Gabão. Este trabalho é uma homenagem à vida, ao percurso profissional de Don Léon Allogho Beka, Inspetor Pedagógico considerado como modelo de integridade, humildade, altruísmo, generosidade, empatia, que dedicou sua vida à formação do Juventude do Gabão.
The school is understood as that place of socialization, of modeling of the individual with a view to optimizing their social and professional integration. In this perspective, the teacher as a pedagogue, educator and parent participates in this dynamic, being the one who watches over the teachers in order to transmit them the useful keys to carry it out. This is what Don Léon Allogho Beka was able to do for 39 years and 6 months for many of the teachers he had to train, transmitting to them the knowledge, know-how, know-how and know-how, essential for their integration as political beings. Mr. Léon Allogho Beka, was part of this category of dedicated, committed teachers, concerned about the future of their apprentices. That is why he was not discouraged in explaining, simplifying, making his teachings practical and accessible so that all his students could appropriate them. He also dedicated himself to educating them in African values, to instilling in them norms of conduct, precepts that would make them capable men, actors in the development of their society, of their country, Gabon. This work is a tribute about the life, the professional course of Don Léon Allogho Beka, a Pedagogical Inspector considered as a model of integrity, humility, altruism, generosity, empathy, who dedicated his life to the formation of the Gabonese youth.
Global climate change profoundly impacts the East China Sea ecosystem and poses a major challenge to fishery management in this region. In addition, closely related species with low catches are often ...not distinguished in fishery production and relevant data are commonly merged in statistics and fishing logbooks, making it challenging to accurately predict their habitat distribution range. Here, merged fisheries-independent data of the closely related squid Loliolus beka (Sasaki, 1929) and Loliolus uyii (Wakiya and Ishikawa, 1921) were used to explore the construction and prediction performance of species distribution models. Data in 2018 to 2019 from the southern Yellow and East China Seas were used to identify the seasonal–spatial distribution characteristics of both species, revealing a boundary line at 29.00° N for L. uyii during the autumn, with the highest average individual weight occurring during the summer, with both larvae and juveniles occurring during the autumn. Thus, the life history of L. uyii can be divided into winter–spring nursery and summer–autumn spawning periods. L. beka showed a preference for inshore areas (15–60 m) during the summer and offshore areas (32.00–78.00 m) during the winter. High-value areas of both species included inshore areas of the southern Yellow and mid-East China Seas during the autumn, enlarging during the spring to include central areas of the survey region, before significantly decreasing during the summer. Therefore, this study provides both a novel perspective for modeling biological habitat distribution with limited data and a scientific basis for the adjustment of fishery resource management and conservation measures in the context of climate change.
The family Loliginidae is a diverse and economically valuable group of cephalopods. To investigate the evolution of their mitochondrial genomes, we characterized and compared these genomes among nine ...species, six newly sequenced. In all nine species, mitochondrial genomes followed the typical invertebrate canonical organization with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and two rRNAs. However, different from the vertebrates, there were three non-coding control regions for most of the loliginid species. As for the gene arrangement and organization, the mitochondrial genome of
Sepioteuthis lessoniana
is totally different from the other eight species—there is only one control region, but 25 tRNAs. We analyzed the level of selective pressures imposed on different protein-coding genes, and found that stabilizing selection is strongest on cytb. We then tested the phylogenetic utility of this new mitochondrial genome data using 13 protein-coding genes and the results showed that Loliginidae is divided into two major lineages, with
S. lessoniana
sister to a clade comprising the remaining species.
Loliolus beka
,
Loliolus japonica
,
Loliolus uyii
,
Uroteuthis chinensis
,
Uroteuthis edulis
,
Uroteuthis duvauceli
,
Heterololigo bleekeri
, and
Doryteuthis opalescens
were recovered as a monophyletic group.
Abstract Changes in Land Use that result in increased direct surface runoff due to reduced places for rainwater absorption. The amount of water absorption into the soil or infiltration can be ...included in the flood calculations to design and plan water structures. Beka Village is in Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. This research aims to determine the magnitude of the infiltration rate that occurs in Beka Village and examine the soil’s physical properties that are related to the infiltration rate. This research was carried out on three types of land cover, namely mixed field land, forest, and settlement areas, each taken under two conditions, namely dry conditions and conditions after rain. Infiltration measurements were carried out using a Double Ring Infiltrometer measuring instrument and analyzed using the Horton equation. Undisturbed soil samples were taken at each land cover and condition using paralon pipes to determine the physical properties of the soil. The rate of infiltration in the three land covers with each condition is that for dry soil conditions on forest land, it is in the relatively fast category (6.3 - 12.7 cm/hour); in the mixed field and settlement areas it is in the medium category (2 - 6.3 cm/hour). Meanwhile, wet soil conditions in forest land and mixed field fall into the medium criteria (2 - 6.3 cm/hour), and in settlement areas fall into the slow criteria (0.5 - 2 cm/hour).
Coleoids are part of the Cephalopoda class, which occupy an important position in most oceans both at an ecological level and at a commercial level. Nevertheless, some coleoid species are difficult ...to distinguish with traditional morphological identification in cases when specimens are heavily damaged during collection or when closely related taxa are existent. As a useful tool for rapid species assignment, DNA barcoding may offer significant potential for coleoid identification. Here, we used two mitochondrial fragments, cytochrome c oxidase I and the large ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA), to assess whether 34 coleoids accounting for about one‐third of the Chinese coleoid fauna could be identified by DNA barcoding technique. The pairwise intra‐ and interspecific distances were assessed, and relationships among species were estimated by NJ and Bayesian analyses. High levels of genetic differentiation within Loliolus beka led to an overlap between intra‐ and interspecific distances. All remaining species forming well‐differentiated clades in the NJ and Bayesian trees were identical for both fragments. Loliolus beka possessed two mitochondrial lineages with high levels of intraspecific distances, suggesting the occurrence of cryptic species. This study confirms the efficacy of DNA barcoding for identifying species as well as discovering cryptic diversity of Chinese coleoids. It also lays a foundation for other ecological and biological studies of Coleoidea.
Cephalopod fisheries in the China Seas have witnessed an increasing trend in the catches of coastal cephalopods since the 1990s, with Loliginidae squid emerging as the main commercial target species. ...However, climate change and overfishing have led to a dramatic reduction in Loliginidae squid resources, highlighting the need to improve monitoring, protection, and management of this species. The Loligo beka and Uroteuthis duvaucelii are widely distributed along the coastal areas of the China Seas, and have commercial and ecological importance. Despite having overlapping distributions, similar life histories, and a strong dependence on the marine environment, there is limited knowledge about their growth and responses to environmental changes, hindering the effective management of their resources. In this study, we investigated the interspecies and intra-species differences in condition factor and their responses to temperature changes by analyzing data collected from wide coastal areas of the China Seas from June 2019 to November 2020. The findings showed that both species exhibited allometric growth and reproduced throughout the year, with two main breeding peaks. There were significant monthly variations and latitude differences in the intra-species growth, with a higher proportion of small-sized individuals (between 5 and 10 g for L. beka and between 10 and 20 g for U. duvaucelii) in low-latitude waters. The latitudinal differences in body weight and distribution between and within the two species were mainly due to natural habitats, especially temperature. Our mixed effect model results demonstrated that both species’ body weight increased with increasing temperature, suggesting that Loliginidae squid have significant environmental adaptability and can be used as an indicator species for studying environmental changes in the China Seas. These findings have significant implications for understanding the population dynamics, species development, and regionally specific management of Loliginidae squid fisheries in the China Seas.
