Background: Nonmedical use of tramadol among the young Beninese population is an increasing public health concern. However, there is little research on tramadol use in West Africa.
Objectives: This ...study aimed to assess the prevalence, factors associated with nonmedical use of tramadol and to determine the level of therapeutic intervention needed.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design and multi-stage sampling method was used among 384 secondary school students, within the age group of 10-24 years old who gave their consent/assent. An interviewer-administered modified questionnaire based on ASSIST was administered. Urinary toxicological test was performed using NarcoCheck® quick for qualitative detection of tramadol or its metabolites. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with nonmedical use of tramadol.
Results: The average age of our respondents was 17 ± 2 SD years old; 58.3% were males and 41.7% females. The lifetime prevalence of nonmedical use of tramadol was 9.6% (95% CI: 6.7-12.6) (13.4% males and 4.4% females) and the average age at onset was 14.8 ± 1.8 years old. Only 1.4% (n = 4) were using tramadol as shown by urine screen. Among users, 45.9% reported a hazardous level of use and required a brief intervention. In a multivariate logistic regression model, tobacco (P < .001), cannabis (p = .023) and amphetamine (p = .037) were significantly associated with nonmedical use of tramadol. The most prevalent motives for nonmedical use of tramadol was experimentation (45.9%) and the leading source for obtaining tramadol was street-level markets (86.5%).
Conclusion: These results indicate that nonmedical use of tramadol affects young in Benin and represent a considerable concern among secondary school students.
In The Yoruba: A New History, Akinwumi Ogundiran examines the development of the ideas and practices that have shaped the Yoruba identity and experience going back as far as AD 800.
For the last three decades, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) is considered as one of the most productive and internationally traded food fish. Although economically important, our ...knowledge on the genetic structure of natural and farmed populations is scarce, especially in Africa. Sustainable aquaculture however requires integrating genetic information to elaborate appropriate management practices. The aims of the present study were: (i) to characterize the genetic structure and diversity of several O. niloticus wild populations collected in four drainage basins: Mono, Niger, Ouémé and Volta in Benin; (ii) to compare the identified genetic profiles of these wild populations with domesticated strains bred in two Beninese fish farms and one Belgian aquaculture research center; (iii) and finally to use the data as a tool to improve management of wild genetic resources and domesticated farmed strains.
In order to characterize the genetic structure of the thirteen sampled populations of O. niloticus 2.950 SNPs were used to perform a clustering analysis and investigate the genetic diversities and population differentiations. Our results showed that, populations of O. niloticus collected in different basin and farms in Benin showed low to moderate genetic differentiation (Fst from 0.018 to 0.143) with the exception of the Nangbéto population of Mono basin, which is genetically more differentiated (Fst from 0.091 to 0.278). Compared to wild populations, there is a greater genetic proximity between the breeding populations of CRIAB and the Pendjari river population (Fst = 0.0 47), and between the Yohan-Esteve farm populations and the Gbassa population (Fst from 0.045 to 0.055). In view of the low level of inbreeding and the good growth and reproductive performance of the Togbadji population in the Mono basin, it would be a potential candidate for the development of a local strain of O. niloticus for aquaculture in Benin.
•The present study is one of the few studies to use SNP genotypes for the identification of a genetic structure•Nangbéto population in the Mono basin remains the only population to display significant differentiation•Populations of O. niloticus collected in different basins in Benin showed moderate genetic differentiations at the exception of the Nangbéto population.
This paper examines the long-run and causal relationships among energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and economic growth for a sample of 12 selected Sub-Sahara African countries. It ...applies the bounds test to cointegration and Granger causality test to annual data covering the period 1971–2010. The empirical results are mixed across countries. In the long-run, energy consumption and economic growth are associated with increase in atmospheric pollution in most countries. Results from the Granger causality tests show evidence of economic growth causing CO2 emissions in the short-run in Benin, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal, implying that economic expansion cannot be achieved without affecting the environment. Evidence of reverse causality running from CO2 emissions to economic growth has been found for Gabon, Nigeria and Togo, indicating that environmental policies aiming at reducing air pollution may have adverse effects on economic growth. Moreover, bidirectional causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions has been found in the short-run for Nigeria and in the long-run for Congo and Gabon. In the long-run, energy consumption and economic growth cause CO2 emissions in Benin, Cote d’Ivoire, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa and Togo.
•Economic growth Granger-causes CO2 emissions in five countries in the short run.•There is a reverse causality from CO2 emissions to growth in Gabon, Nigeria and Togo.•Economic growth and carbon emissions are Granger-caused in the short run in Nigeria.•Growth and CO2 emissions are Granger-caused in the long-run in Congo and Gabon.•Energy use and growth cause CO2 emissions in six African countries in the long run.
Citrus production represents an important activity for the national economy and a source of income for farmers in Benin. However, fungal diseases are a major constraint to production intensification. ...The aim of this study is to assess farmers’ perceptions on citrus fungal diseases in production areas in Benin.
A survey was conducted among 417 farmers between July and December 2021 in four major citrus-producing agro-ecological zones (zones V, VI, VII and VIII) to collect their perceptions, knowledge and management practices of citrus fungal diseases.
Farmers reported that fungal diseases are one of the main constraints to citrus production, including black spot, anthracnose, brown rot, sooty mold and fruit rot. Among them, black spot disease is the most severe, causing damage to production. According to farmers, symptoms appear on fruit after fruit set, with a very remarkable presence and high incidence at maturity. Although farmers are most of times aware of the damage caused by fungal diseases with adverse consequences on their income, they have a poor knowledge of appropriate phytosanitary products to manage these diseases. Indeed, the majority of farmers (>60 %) use chemical insecticides, which they reported to be ineffective against citrus fungal diseases. Although chemical insecticides are their only recourse, almost 40 % use nothing to control these diseases. Farmers stated that climatic variability is a factor favoring the development of diseases, leading to reduced production.
Among the several citrus fungal diseases, black spot is perceived as the most damaging, causing greater yield losses under favorable conditions, coupled with an almost total absence of appropriate control methods. This study contributes to the reorganization of the citrus industry and to decision-making on capacity building for farmers in terms of orchard pest protection, in order to guarantee better production of marketable and exportable fruit.
RésuméLa pratique contraceptive moderne augmente lentement parmi les jeunes générations au Bénin. La présente étude analyse les tendances, les déterminants du recours aux contraceptifs et leurs ...mécanismes d'actions chez les adolescentes. Les approches socio-écologique et intersectionnelle ont été adoptées, avec une méthode d'étude mixte portant sur les adolescentes de 15 à 19 ans sexuellement actives et non enceintes. Le volet quantitatif recourt aux données des cinq enquêtes démographiques et de santé du Bénin entre 1996 et 2017-18, avec une analyse descriptive et une régression logistique binaire pas à pas. Les données qualitatives collectées par des observations, discussions de groupe et entretiens individuels auprès de différents acteurs nationaux, ont fait l'objet d'analyse de contenu. Les résultats révèlent une prévalence contraceptive moderne basse, passant de 4,6% en 1996 à 13,3% en 2017-18, avec le préservatif comme principale méthode utilisée (8,2%). En 2017-18, la probabilité d'utiliser les contraceptifs était plus élevée chez les adolescentes des ménages riches (OR = 2,3), les scolarisées (OR = 2,3), les célibataires (OR = 2,1), celles fréquentant les services de planification familiale (PF) (OR = 1,8), connaissant le cycle menstruel (OR = 1,6), et économiquement actives (OR = 1,5). Cependant, être Yoruba réduit les chances d'utiliser les contraceptifs (OR = 0,5). Les données qualitatives confirment ces résultats et les complètent en mettant en avant l'effet du cadre juridique favorable à la pratique contraceptive, la stigmatisation sociale des utilisatrices, et les infox véhiculées en communauté. Nous recommandons des efforts pour le maintien des filles à l'école, la généralisation des services de PF pour les adolescents, la communication communautaire, et la subvention des contraceptifs.
Spatial distribution of goat breeds bred in Benin Behingan, Milognon Boris; Mama, Adi; Houndonougbo, Pascal Venant ...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences,
07/2022, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Characterization of local goat breeds is an important step for the development of its breeding. This characterization cannot be done without knowing the size and the spatial distribution of the ...existing breeds. Thus, this work was carried out to study the spatial distribution of goat breeds bred in Benin. To achieve this, 498 breeders spread across the three climate zone of Benin were subjected to semi-structured individual interviews. The data collected were the socio-demographic characteristics of breeders, the number of breeds bred and the size of the herd per breed. Descriptive statistics, and the generalized linear model of Poisson family were used for data analysis. Results showed that breeders were mainly male (54.02%), married (88.15%) with a high rate of non-education (65.26%). The number of breeds bred by breeders in Guinean zone was 3 (West African Dwarf (WAD), Sahelian and Maradi goat) but 4 Soudanian and Soudano-Guinean zone (WAD, Sahelian, Maradi goat and Saanen). Despite the diversity of this breeds in the climate zone, only WAD breed was bred by more than 80% of breeders with a livestock size of 6133.
The worldwide use of natural remedies is an alternative therapeutic solution to strengthen immunity, fight, and prevent this disease. The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease worldwide has ...promoted the search for therapeutic solutions following different approaches. China and Benin have seen the use of natural remedies such as Chinese herbal medicine and local endemic plants as alternative solutions in treating COVID-19.
The present study was designed to identify the prevalence of medicinal plant use in four municipalities of Benin most affected by COVID-19 and compare them with traditional Chinese medicine and finally verify the efficacy of the main components of the six plants most frequently used, via in vitro experiments.
This study targeting market herbalists and traditional healers was conducted in the form of an ethnomedicinal survey in four representative communities (Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi, Zè, and Ouidah) of southern Benin. The chemical compositions of the six most commonly used herbs were investigated using network pharmacology. Network-based global prediction of disease genes and drug, target, function, and pathway enrichment analysis of the top six herbs was conducted using databases including IPA and visualised using Cytoscape software. The natural botanical drugs involved three medicines and three formulas used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China from the published literature were compared with the top six botanical drugs used in Benin to identify similarities between them and guide the clinical medication in both countries. Finally, the efficacy of the common ingredients in six plants was verified by measuring the viability of BEAS-2B cells and the release of inflammatory factors after administration of different ingredients. Binding abilities of six components to COVID-19 related targets were verified by molecular docking.
According to the medication survey investigation, the six most used herbs were Citrus aurantiifolia (13.18%), Momordica charantia (7.75%), Ocimum gratissimum (7.36%), Crateva adansonii (6.59%), Azadirachta indica (5.81%), and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (5.42%). The most represented botanical families were Rutaceae, Lamiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Meliaceae, and Capparaceae. The network pharmacology of these six herbal plants showed that the flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, and β-sitosterol were the main active ingredients of the Benin herbal medicine. Chinese and Beninese herbal medicine are similar in that they have the same targets and pathways in inflammation and oxidative stress relief. Mild COVID-19-related targets come from C. aurantiifolia and M. charantia, and severe COVID-19-related targets come from A. indica A. Juss. Cell viability and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results confirmed that six major compounds could protect BEAS-2B cells against injury by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, among which quercetin and isoimperatorin were more effective. Docking verified that the six compounds have good binding potential with COVID-19 related targets.
These results suggest that Benin herbal medicine and Chinese herbal medicine overlap in compounds, targets, and pathways to a certain extent. Among the commonly used plants in Benin, C. aurantiifolia and M. charantia may have a good curative effect on the treatment of mild COVID-19, while for severe COVID-19, A. indica can be added on this basis.
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•Chinese and Beninese herbs contain same ingredients and source plants.•Chinese and Beninese herbs have same targets in inflammation and oxidative stress.•The mild COVID-19-related targets come from C. aurantifolia and M. charantia.•The severe COVID-19-related targets come from Azadirachta indica A. Juss.
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