This article traces the ways in which a refugee resistance movement reclaimed space, place and time in 2021 and 2022 since it first began its' protests in 2012 in Berlin. Much scholarship on refugee ...resistance has focused on episodic moments of refugee protests and membership in the polity and have not recognized the relationship between temporalities and visibility. This study demonstrates how the protests regained visibility as the activists protested using older strategies and commemorated a 10-year anniversary of the movement while aligning with current campaigns. Data is drawn through 'intimate ethnography' and participation in various actions at Oranienplatz, a square in the neighborhood of Kreuzburg in Berlin for 15 months.
Exploiting imaging spectrometer data with machine learning algorithms has been demonstrated to be an excellent choice for mapping ecologically meaningful land cover categories in spectrally complex ...urban environments. However, the potential of kernel-based regression techniques for quantitatively analyzing urban composition has not yet been fully explored. To a great extent, this can be explained by difficulties in deriving quantitative training information that reliably represents pairs of spectral signatures with associated land cover fractions needed for empirical modeling. In this paper we present an approach to circumvent this limitation by combining support vector regression (SVR) with synthetically mixed training data to map sub-pixel fractions of single urban land cover categories of interest. This approach was tested on Hyperspectral Mapper (HyMap) data acquired over Berlin, Germany. Fraction estimates were validated with extensive manual mappings and compared to fractions derived from multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis (MESMA). Our regression results demonstrate that the sets of multiple mixtures yielded high accuracies for quantitative estimates for four spectrally complex urban land cover types, i.e., fractions of impervious rooftops and pavements, as well as grass- and tree-covered areas. Despite the extrapolation uncertainty of SVR, which resulted in fraction values below 0% and above 100%, physically meaningful model outputs were reported for a clear majority of pixels, and visual inspection underpinned the quality of produced fraction maps. Statistical accuracy assessment with detailed reference information for 92 urban blocks showed linear relations with R2 values of 0.86, 0.58, 0.81 and 0.85 for the four categories, respectively. Mean absolute errors (MAE) ranged from 6.4 to 12.8% and block-wise sums of the four individually modeled category fractions were always around 100%. Results of MESMA followed similar trends, but with slightly lower accuracies. Our findings demonstrate that the combination of SVR and synthetically mixed training data enable the use of empirical regression for sub-pixel mapping. Thus, the strengths of kernel-based approaches for quantifying urban land cover from imaging spectrometer data can be well utilized. Remaining uncertainties and limitations were related to the known phenomena of spectral similarity or ambiguity of urban materials, the spectral deficiencies in shaded areas, or the dependency on comprehensive and representative spectral libraries. Therefore, the suggested workflow constitutes a new flexible and extendable universal modeling approach to map land cover fractions.
•We used HyMap data and SVR to quantify spectrally complex urban land cover types.•We trained SVR models with synthetically mixed data.•We compared our results to fraction maps derived from MESMA.•Our approach yields high accuracies and improves fraction estimates.•Our approach enables the use of empirical regression for sub-pixel mapping.
Because of the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its adverse impact on perioperative outcome, a practical screening tool for surgical patients is required. This study was conducted ...to validate the Berlin questionnaire and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) checklist in surgical patients and to compare them with the STOP questionnaire.
After hospital ethics approval, preoperative patients aged 18 yr or older and without previously diagnosed OSA were recruited. The scores from the Berlin questionnaire, ASA checklist, and STOP questionnaire were evaluated versus the apnea-hypopnea index from in-laboratory polysomnography. The perioperative data were collected through chart review.
Of 2,467 screened patients, 33, 27, and 28% were respectively classified as being at high risk of OSA by the Berlin questionnaire, ASA checklist, and STOP questionnaire. The performance of the screening tools was evaluated in 177 patients who underwent polysomnography. The sensitivities of the Berlin questionnaire, ASA checklist, and STOP questionnaire were 68.9-87.2, 72.1-87.2, and 65.6-79.5% at different apnea-hypopnea index cutoffs. There was no significant difference between the three screening tools in the predictive parameters. The patients with an apnea-hypopnea index greater than 5 and the patients identified as being at high risk of OSA by the STOP questionnaire or ASA checklist had a significantly increased incidence of postoperative complications.
Similar to the STOP questionnaire, the Berlin questionnaire and ASA checklist demonstrated a moderately high level of sensitivity for OSA screening. The STOP questionnaire and the ASA checklist were able to identify the patients who were likely to develop postoperative complications.
The fundamental subject matter of urban planning is urban space. However, this fact is rarely reflected in planning theory. Instead of dealing with the everyday use of urban space and its atmospheric ...perception, planning discourse is dominated by theories of action, which primarily focus on communication processes within planning practice. The role of urban space within these planning negotiations is often overlooked. By disregarding the feeling and sensing body/subject as being the base of any perception – including those of planning professionals – planning discourse has left out the chances of a more comprehensive understanding of how planning decisions occur. The article aims to fill this epistemological gap by applying the concept of atmospheres to the case study of the planning process for the former inner-city airfield Tempelhof in Berlin. Thereby it becomes possible to consider the impact of the – borrowing Gernot Böhme’s terminology – ‘unobtrusive obtrusiveness’ of atmospheres on the controversial planning case of Tempelhof airfield. The empirical findings – based on interview data – demonstrate how the planners’ atmospheric perception of Tempelhof airfield translates into distinctive, and more importantly, controversial planning decisions. In doing so, the article provides a basis for developing atmospheric competences, which have been absent in urban planning thus far.
The modern Federal Republic of Germany is a migrant country. It has been de facto from the beginning of its existence, but as a political declaration this statement was adopted only at the turn of ...the 20th and 21st centuries, when it began to formulate a long-term migration policy – at the central, federal and local level. The case of Berlin is interesting for several reasons – the city as a separate federal state is a compact research object (it has a small space, but a separate administrative structure and a clear identity resulting, inter alia, from past experiences). In addition, a significant percentage of foreigners, migrants and their descendants live in the city today, which forces the authorities of the Bundesland to define their own immigration and integration policy. The phenomenon of migration is also an inherent part of the city’s history, it was an impulse for its development and building its present position. The subject of the article is the influence of the experience of migration on the contemporary identity of the city and the policy of the Bundesland’s authorities.
Background: Physiological and hormonal changes during pregnancy can alter the sleep patterns of the pregnant women and were said to be precursor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) ...and complication of pre-existing OSA. Developing country like India has no health cost distribution for the treatment, as this condition’s treatment trends absorbs 65–82% of all health cost. There is oblivious state among clinicians and patients, self-reporting of the symptoms are poor which, in turn, results to upshot underdiagnoses of OSA among southern Indian population.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to screen the prevalence of OSA among the southern Indian pregnant women attending antenatal care and to evaluate its predisposing factors.
Materials and Methods: We enrolled 305 pregnant women according to our study selection criteria, attended antenatal care at ACS medical college and hospitals from Chennai. On face-to-face basis, berlin questionnaire screening was done. With a brief interview, sociodemographic details, medical records and laboratory parameters were obtained. To cluster the risk of OSA prevalence, percentage was estimated using frequency distribution. Chi-square analysis was done to obtain significant relationship between contributing factors and OSA symptoms. Statistical testing was done with SPSS software version 21.
Results: Among 305 pregnant women, 31.8% (97) were shown to have high-risk OSA and 68.2% (208) low-risk OSA. Across the trimester, high-risk OSA were noted among 8.2% (25), 11.1% (34), and 15.4% (48) at first, second, and third trimester, respectively. Age, body mass index, occupation, neck circumference, multiple pregnancy, and presence of conditions such as gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, adenoids, mallampatti grade, nasal congestion, and family history of OSA can be the predisposing factors which could influence the OSA symptoms.
Conclusion: The future investigations should rely on the analysis of the fetal outcomes after proper diagnosis of OSA. Furthermore, independent predictive values of physical signs, history, risk factors, and mechanisms behind the progression of OSA should be studied well. Region and area specific difference of risk of OSA to identify disparities and to promote decentralization of sleep care could be done.
Purpose
Drug-induced agranulocytosis (DIAG) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction. The Berlin Case–Control Surveillance Study (FAKOS) aimed to identify pharmaceuticals with an increased risk ...for this condition.
Methods
Adult patients with acute non-chemotherapy–induced agranulocytosis, developed in hospital or in the outpatient setting, were ascertained by active surveillance in all 51 Berlin hospitals between the years 2000 and 2010. Applying the criteria of the World Health Organization, a standardized drug causality assessment was conducted for each agranulocytosis patient to determine possible drug aetiology. Drug risks were quantified in a case–control design with unconditional logistic regression analysis.
Results
Sixty-three out of 88 validated cases of agranulocytosis were identified as being at least probably drug-related. Drug causality assessment resulted in 36 pharmaceuticals with a certain or probable relationship to agranulocytosis. Drugs involved in ≥ 3 cases with a probable or certain causality were metamizole (dipyrone) (
N
= 10), clozapine (
N
= 6), sulfasalazine (
N
= 5), thiamazole (
N
= 5), and carbamazepine (
N
= 3). In case–control analysis, six drugs were identified with significant odds ratios for DIAG. The highest odds ratios were observed for clozapine, sulfasalazine, and thiamazole.
Conclusions
Our findings are generally in agreement with those of earlier case–control studies. The spectrum of drugs causing acute agranulocytosis has not changed considerably over recent years, despite many newly marketed drugs. Evidence for induction of agranulocytosis by some new pharmaceuticals is supported.
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