This book examines the European governance of emerging security technologies.The emergence of technologies such as drones, autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, cyber and biotechnologies has ...stimulated worldwide debates on their use, risks and benefits in both the civilian and the security-related fields. This volume examines the concept of ‘governance’ as an analytical framework and tool to investigate how new and emerging security technologies are governed in practice within the European Union (EU), emphasising the relational configurations among different state and non-state actors. With reference to European governance, it addresses the complex interplay of power relations, interests and framings surrounding the development of policies and strategies for the use of new security technologies. The work examines varied conceptual tools to shed light on the way diverse technologies are embedded in EU policy frameworks. Each contribution identifies actors involved in the governance of a specific technology sector, their multilevel institutional and corporate configurations, and the conflicting forces, values, ethical and legal concerns, as well as security imperatives and economic interests.This book will be of much interest to students of science and technology studies, security studies and EU policy.
An Introduction to Ethical, Safety and Intellectual Property Rights Issues in Biotechnology provides a comprehensive look at the biggest technologies that have revolutionized biology since the early ...20th century, also discussing their impact on society. The book focuses on issues related to bioethics, biosafety and intellectual property rights, and is written in an easy-to-understand manner for graduate students and early career researchers interested in the opportunities and challenges associated with advances in biotechnology. Important topics covered include the Human Genome Project, human cloning, rDNA technology, the 3Rs and animal welfare, bioterrorism, human rights and genetic discrimination, good laboratory practices, good manufacturing practices, the protection of biological material and much more. Full of relevant case studies, practical examples, weblinks and resources for further reading, this book offers an essential and holistic look at the ways in which biotechnology has affected our global society. Provides a comprehensive look at the ethical, legal and social implications of biotechnologyDiscusses the global efforts made to resolve issuesIncorporates numerous case studies to more clearly convey concepts and chart the development of guidelines and legislation regulating issues in biotechnologyTakes a straightforward approach to highlight and discuss both the benefits and risks associated with the latest biotechnologies
Documents related to social sciences are processed/indexed by several field-specific (e.g. Sociological Abstracts) and general (Web of Science, Scopus) bibliographic databases. These topics are ...scattered also among other specialized databases and information systems in agriculture, biomedicine, and other life-sciences, for example Agris, Agricola, FSTA, Medline (PubMed), etc. Agriculture can also involve social issues such as rural sociology, public services, settlements, demography, tourism (agritourism). Relevant documents may thus elude attention of researchers which seek information in a limited number of databases. We used CAB Abstracts (CABI/CAB International), the leading global database for agriculture, environment, veterinary sciences, applied economics, food science and nutrition. In a bibliometric/scientometric analysis, we used the classification based on subject categories CABICODES (CC), which enable identification of general research subject areas, in order to assess publishing patterns by researchers from Slovenia in 1991-2010. We assessed growth, and identified database records which had been classified with the social-sciences-related CC. We assessed co-classification or co-occurrence of these categories with other general subjects, such as Economics, Plant Science and Protection, Food Science and Produce, Animal Science, Forestry and Wood, Pathogen, Pest, Parasite and Weed Management, Soil Science, Human Health and Nutrition, Education, Extension, Information, Training, Natural Resources. 336 records were published by Slovenian authors, and classified with social sciences CC in CAB Abstracts. In total, 1313 different CC had been assigned to the records. The social-sciences-related research co-occurs with the following subject matter, in a decreasing order: economics, forestry/wood science, natural resources (e.g. water, meteorology, pollution), human biology/health/nutrition, food, plant, animal science/protection.
Dokumente v povezavi z družboslovjem oz. sociologijo obdelujejo in indeksirajo različne specializirane (npr. Sociological Abstracts) in splošne (Web of Science, Scopus) bibliografske podatkovne zbirke (baze podatkov). Ta tematika je razkropljena tudi med drugimi specializiranimi zbirkami in informacijskimi sistemi v kmetijstvu (biotehniki), biomedicini in drugih disciplinah, npr. Agris, Agricola, FSTA, Medline (PubMed). Kmetijstvo se navezuje na ruralno sociologijo (sociologijo podeželja), javne storitve, demografijo, naselja, turizem (kmečki turizem) ipd. Raziskovalci, ki uporabljajo samo določene zbirke, lahko spregledajo številne relevantne dokumente. V bibliometrični/scientometrični analizi smo uporabili zbirko CAB Abstracts (CABI/CAB International), ki je vodilna zbirka za kmetijstvo, okolje, veterino, uporabno ekonomiko, živilstvo in prehrano, in sicer glede na klasifikacijo, temelječo na predmetnih kategorijah CABICODES (CC), ki omogočajo identifikacijo splošnih raziskovalnih področij in na tem temelju ocenili objave avtorjev iz Slovenije v 1991-2010. Ocenili smo letno rast objav in identificirali vse zapise v zbirki, ki so bili klasificirani s kategorijami iz sekcije družboslovje (social sciences). Ovrednotili smo soklasifikacijo-sopojavnost teh kategorij z drugimi splošnimi kategorijami, kot so ekonomika, rastlinska pridelava in varstvo rastlin, živilstvo, znanost o živalih in varstvo živali, gozdarstvo in lesarstvo, bolezni, škodljivci in pleveli, pedologija, zdravje, biologija in prehrana ljudi, izobraževanje, svetovanje, informacije, naravni viri ipd. Slovenski avtorji so v tem obdobju objavili 336 dokumentov, ki so bili klasificirani z družboslovnimi kategorijami zbirke CAB. Ti dokumenti so bili skupno opremljeni s 1313 različnimi kategorijami. Družboslovna tematika se najbolj prepleta z ekonomiko, sledijo gozdarstvo/lesarstvo, naravni viri (npr. voda, meteorologija, onesnaževanje), zdravje, biologija in prehrana ljudi, živilstvo, rastlinska proizvodnja in varstvo ter živalska proizvodnja.
U narednom stoljeću potrebe 8 milijardi ljudi diljem svijeta bit će pretežno materijalne prirode. Zato će proizvodnji i u dovoljno dalekoj budućnosti pripasti središnje mjesto u stvaranju novih ...vrijednosti. U proizvodnji hrane i stvari zbila se od javnosti nezapažena informacijska revolucija. Proizvodi i proizvodni procesi temeljito su se izmijenili. Razvijene su vrhunske tehnike, nastali su novi lanci vrijednosti, nove radne strukture i nova tržišta. Uz usavršavanje i daljnji razvoj klasične, makrotehničke proizvodnje, doći će u narednom razdoblju do snažnog razvoja mikrotehnike i nanotehnike. Međutim, takva i to i dalje pretežno klasična proizvodnja treba sve manje zaposlenih. Nazire se trenutak kada će svekolike materijalne potrebe čovječanstva zadovoljiti samo 20 posto zaposlenih. Procjenjuje se da trenutno nema jasnog koncepta koji bi riješio probleme koje izazivaju globalizacija, nezaposlenost, divlji kapitalizam i slične pojave. Zapošljavanje će u idućem stoljeću biti jedan od temeljnih društvenih problema na koja zadovoljavajući odgovor mogu dati samo zajednički tehničari, ekonomisti, sociolozi i ostali stručnjaci s područja duhovnih znanosti.
Temeljeno na fraktalnoj raščlambi prošlosti i budućnosti opće tehnike,
moguće je predvidjeti daljnji razvoj materijalstva (materijalike i
proizvodne tehnike). U budućnosti je moguć revolucionarni ...razvoj
materijala na subatomskoj razini n-1. Naprotiv, jednom razvijene
proizvodne postupke i proizvode moguće je samo usavršavati.
Genska tehnika, kao dio naše životne stvarnosti, novi je kvalitativni korak u dugoj povijest svjesnih ljudskih zahvata u prirodni ustroj. Novost je genske tehnike u izravnom zahvatu u gene kao ...životne usmjerivače i nasljedne informacije, i s tim povezanim eksplozivnim ubrzanjem tempa, učinkovitosti i dosega ljudskog zahvata - i mijenjanje životnih procesa. Međutim, ovaj nagli razvoj na znanstveno - tehničkom području nametnuo je potrebu i etičkog promišljanja o opravdanosti pojedinih zahvata u ljudski život. Stoga između načelnog odbijanja svakog oblika zahvata u životne procese, s jedne strane, i bezrezervnog prihvaćanja svakog oblika genske tehnike, s druge strane, autor želi ukazati na potrebu razlikovanja zahvata dijagnostičke naravi od onih koji zadiru u same početke i narav ljudskog života. Genska tehnika otvara mogućnosti za velike rizike i mogućnosti zlouporabe, ali istovremeno i za poboljšanje života i smanjenje boli. Stoga je važno razlikovati razine odgovornosti: osobnu razinu, razinu društvenih pravila i struktura te međunarodnu razinu. U etičkoj prosudbi dopušteni bi bili samo zahvati terapijske naravi, u kojima rizici ostaju ograničeni samo na jedan individuum, a svi se genski pokušaji promjene na ljudskom genomu moraju odlučno odbiti kao eklatantna drskost i postupak protiv temeljnog ljudskog dostojanstva.
Temeljeno na fraktalnoj raščlambi prošlosti i budućnosti opće tehnike,moguće je predvidjeti daljnji razvoj materijalstva (materijalike iproizvodne tehnike). U budućnosti je moguć revolucionarni ...razvojmaterijala na subatomskoj razini n-1. Naprotiv, jednom razvijeneproizvodne postupke i proizvode moguće je samo usavršavati.
Based on fractal analysis of the past and future of general technology,the prediction of future development of materials technology (materialtechnology and production technology) will be possible. The development of material technology can be revolutionary on the subatomic level. The development of the existing production procedures and products can be only innovative.
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