Integrated monitoring of harmful phytoplankton and biotoxins should be continued in order to prevent possible negative consequences caused by increased growth of harmful algae (harmful algal blooms - ...HABs) and biotoxins. Due to increasing eutrophication around the world, HABs are occurring in more locations than ever before, and in contrast to large-scale blooms that are dominated by mesoscale circulation, Mediterranean HABs are more localized phenomenon, commonly related to areas of constrained dynamism, such as bays, lagoons, ports, beaches and estuaries (Ferrante et al., 2013). ...different monitoring programmes (HABs and biotoxins monitoring) has been established worldwide. Phytoplankton blooms are not just result of increased nutrients, other abiotic factors like temperature and freshwater inflow can also be a reason (Price et al, 2015; Ninčević Gladan et al., 2020).
Ovaj rad proučava vojnu karijeru Stjepana Buće, kotorskoga plemića i časnika mletačke vojske u 18. stoljeću. Pripadnici ove ugledne kotorske plemićke obitelji generacijama su se isticali u obnašanju ...važnih službi Mletačke Republike. Posljednjih desetljeća 17. stoljeća, u vrijeme ratova protiv Osmanlija, Buće ulaze u vojnu službu Republike. Upravo Stjepan, njegov brat Franjo i njihov otac Jeronim ostvaruju vrlo zapaženu vojnu karijeru. Stoga se proučavanjem vojne karijere ovih časnika, a rad je usredotočen na Stjepanovu, jasno ocrtava obrazac integracije lokalnih elita istočnojadranskoga prostora u mletački pomorski imperij. Sadržaj rada počiva na proučavanju izvorne građe nastale djelovanjem mletačke vojne administracije, koja se danas nalazi pohranjena u Archivio di Stato di Venezia i Državnome arhivu u Zadru. Glavni dio rada usmjeren je na analizu pješačke pukovnije Oltramarina u razdoblju od 1715. do 1741. godine, kojom je zapovijedao pukovnik Stjepan Buća. U prilogu rada donose se prijepisi dokumenata izravno vezanih uz vojno djelovanje Stjepana Buće kao pukovnika mletačkih pješačkih postrojbi
One of the key preconditions for building up and maintaining the Venetian naval empire in the early modern period was a successful connection between the interests of the local elites and the central authorities. The Venetian possessions in the Eastern Adriatic were no exception to this rule, and the noble families from the communes of Dalmatia and Bokelj played a particularly important role in this respect. For generations, their members held various public posts of local significance throughout the said area. From the mid-17th century, the local elites were increasingly involved in the Venetian military service. In this way, the Venetian military organization in the Eastern Adriatic region became the most important field in which the interests of the central authorities in Venice and the local elites were intertwined and firmly connected. An excellent example for studying this
form of integration between the local elites and the state is the noble
family of Buća (Bucchia), one of the ancient and especially respectable
noble kindreds of Kotor. After some members of the family distinguished
themselves in important civil services of the Republic, the Buća became
more intensely involved in the Venetian military organization during the last decades of the 17th century. Stjepan Buća, his brother Franjo, and their father Jeronim made an excellent military career. Studying the
military path of these officers, and this paper focuses on Stjepan’s in
particular, clearly outlines the pattern of integration of the Eastern Adriatic local elites into the Venetian maritime empire. The main part of the study is an analysis of the infantry regiment Oltramarina, commanded by Colonel Stjepan Buća, in the period from 1715 to 1741. The authors bring transcripts of various documents that are directly related
to the military activity of Stjepan Buća as a colonel in Venetian infantry units
Maximilian De Traux (1766-1817) was an engineering officer in the Austrian army. In 1803, he became the head of the engineering administration in Zadar, in which role he travelled all over Dalmatia ...during the following two years, gaining a solid knowledge of the region. In 1805, he produced a description of the land, nowadays preserved at the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade. It was published under a somewhat clumsy title Festungen Dalmatiens und Albaniens nebst vorliegenden Inseln, und Beschreibung (Fortifications of Dalmatia and Albania, as well as the neighbouring islands, and their description) and dedicated to Johann, Archduke of Austria, but in fact it was intended for the Austrian ruling house in general, in order to help them govern the lands which had come into their possession only a few years before. The book consists of two parts: textual and illustrative, the latter including 29 figures. In the textual part, De Traux largely focuses on the state of Dalmatian fortifications, including mainland settlements and those on the islands. He then describes the geography of the area and the communication lines with regard to the defence potential and the need of investing in the construction of new fortifications. The population is described in the tradition of Alberto Fortis, whereby he distinguishes between two types: the urban inhabitants, which resemble the Italians in all aspects, and those of the hinterland, the so-called Morlacs. He also describes “Albania”, the area around Boka Kotorska, previously governed by the Venetian Republic under the name of Albania Veneta. In this section he addresses, among other things, the problem of the Orthodox population, arguing that it would be beneficial to appoint a separate Orthodox bishop (episkopos) for “Albania” and that the Orthodox will never be loyal subjects to a Catholic monarch as their religion creates a state within the state. The illustrative section of De Traux’s report includes ground plans of various fortifications and maps of Dalmatia, the Kvarner Islands, and “Albania”. At the very beginning, there are separate illustrations, with a particular focus on Sanmicheli’s Land Gate. It was given a special place in the report and, although it was still a part of the fortification belt and played a role in communication and defence, De Traux did not waste a word on that aspect, commenting instead on its symbolic role as an entrance to the main Venetian city of Dalmatia. De Traux’s booklet is rather small (11x19 cm) and thus the author calls it “a pocketbook” (Taschenbuch). This can be explained by its aim: it had to be handy and easy to use by its addressee, Archduke Johann, and this aspect was obviously more important than a possible representative character. Because of the size, De Traux’s ground plans had to be limited in the number of details in order to remain clear, which resulted in unusually effective and suggestive depictions.
The spatial distribution of major oxides (Na
2
O, K
2
O, SiO
2
, Al
2
O
3
, Fe
2
O
3
, CaO, MgO, MnO, TiO
2
, P
2
O
5
) and numerous elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ba, Sr, Br, Rb, ...Zr, Mo, Cs, Y, V, Ga, La, U, Th, Nb, W, Sc, Ge, Gd, Yb, Hf, and Ce) was determined by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry on the basis of previously measured organic matter and carbonates. The optimal measuring variables for the investigated oxides and elements were determined by using five standard reference materials. The carbonated sediment type can be determined on the basis of the highest Sr, Sc, La, Nb, Hf, and Yb concentrations followed with the lowest concentrations of the remaining elements and the negative Ce anomaly. The complexity of the obtained data was also examined by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) in the identifying geochemical composition of the surface sediment. Boka Kotorska bay’s geographical position, orographical configuration, and hydrographic characteristics influence the geochemistry model of the surface sediment, quite different from the open sea.
This paper presents a possibility of creating and compilation of digital cartographic products of certain geographic area using modern cartographic approach along with the use of traditional ...cartographic methods and procedures within certain GIS software. Within the system of cartographic and GIS methods this paper presents analogue-digital conversion of cartographic data, defining and control of mathematical elements of atlas maps, processing and generating of geographic atlas content of the Gulf. In this paper multifunctionality and different aspects of using obtained digital geodata are presented through the project of modelling and creating Digital atlas of the Boka Kotorska Gulf regardless of the epoch of formation of the basic cartographic sources because the changes occurring are not the same in the case of all geographic map elements. The advantages of modelling thematic atlas within applied system of cartographic and GIS methods are listed what represents the way for getting new charts and new data about quantitative and qualitative characteristics of certain geographic phenomena of the Gulf.
In the paper the author discusses Temporary Protocol Temporary Protocol signed on December 10 signed on December 10th 2002 between Republic of Croatia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and ...Montenegro), about the border between the states in the area of Boka Kotorska. The parts of Protocol Protocol have been critically analysed with the thesis that this document have been critically analysed with the thesis that this document is not good for the Croatian side because it enabled dual sovereignty along the part of Croatian shore, as well as disproportional demilitarization damaging the Croatian side.
► High resolution nested coastal model implementation in the Kotor Bay. ► Study of the water exchange processes inside the Kotor bay and in its sub-basins. ► Identification of Kotor Bay as a ROFI ...system. ► Study of the effects of thermo /haline forcings on the dynamics of the bay. ► Difference in residence time and currents between the internal subbasins of the bay.
Boka Kotorska Bay, located in the southeastern Adriatic Sea along the Montenegro coastline, is a complex morphological structure, consisting of three embayments. They are connected and interact with the sea through narrow straits and the bay can be considered one of the main freshwater inputs into the southern Adriatic Sea. In the framework of the ADRICOSM-STAR project, a hydrodynamical model of this region provided results that are compared with CTD data and hydrodynamic scenarios are discussed for the bay. A finite element coastal model nested in a finite difference model that runs on the Adriatic Sea has been used to reproduce the complex morphology of the bay. Hydrodynamic modeling allows studying the main characteristics of this bay, identifying it as a Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI). The freshwater input coming from the numerous sources present in the bays can strongly modify temperature, salinity and current patterns. The computation of the buoyancy ratio of the thermal and haline buoyancy flux showed that the Kotor and Morinj Bays experience a major effect of surface heating in summer, while the rest of the bay seems to be mostly affected by freshwater influence from precipitation and river discharge. An average estuarine situation is seen, presenting a surface outflow and a bottom inflow of water. Specific hydrodynamic processes can be detected in the channels that connect the different sub-basins of the Boka Kotorska Bay. Moreover, the computation of the Kelvin number in correspondence of the internal straits suggests classifying the Kotor and Morinj Bays differently from the outermost areas. The innermost Kotor and Morinj Bays, generally exchange little water with the sea and they have high values of residence times. However, their fresh water springs and rivers have the highest discharges that can change abruptly the picture with increase of the total water exchange between the bay and the sea.
The dynamics of the prokaryotic picoplankton community were studied at six stations of three embayments in Boka Kotorska Bay from January 2010 to January 2011. The abundance ofnon-pigmented bacteria, ...high nucleic acid content (HNA) bacteria, low nucleic acid content (LNA) bacteria, bacterial production and heterotrophic nanoflagellates was determined, as well as the chlorophyll a, physical and chemical factors of the water column. It seems that freshwater input has the ability to control bacterial abundance as well as the proportion of HNA cells in bacterial community and thus the abundance of HNF cells. During the warmer seasons, in the investigated area, which is mainly oligotrophic, we found an increase in values and domination of the LNA group in the bacterial population. The dominance of the HNA group was found only during the colder seasons. Weak coupling between bacteria and HNF suggests that predation (top down control) is not dominant in controling of bacterial abundance in studied area.Original Abstract: Raspodjela i aktivnost prokariotskog pikoplanktona u crnogorskom dijelu juznog Jadrana je studirana na sest postaja Bokokotorskog zaljeva u razdoblju od sijecnja 2010. do sijecnja 2011. Istrazivana je brojnost nepigmentiranih bakterija, udjeli bakterija s visokim (HNA) i niskim (LNA) sadrzajem nukleinskih kiselina, bakterijska proizvodnja, heterotrofni nanoflagelati (HNF) te klorofil a i fizikalno kemijski cimbenici. Utvrdeno je da unos slatke vode u istrazivano podrucje ima utjecaja na bakterijsku brojnost, na udjele HNA I LNA grupa bakterija kao i na brojnost HNF-a. U toplijem razdoblju godine u istrazivanom je podrucju utvrden porast i prevladavanje LNA bakterija dok je prevladavanje HNA bakterija utvrdeno u hladnijem dijelu godine. Slaba povezanost izmedu bakterija i HNF ukazuje da predacija nije prevladavajuci mehanizam kontrole bakterijske abundancije u istrazivanom podrucju.
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