International borders have become deadly barriers of a proportion rivaled only by war or natural disaster. Yet despite the damage created by borders, most people can’t – or don’t want to – imagine a ...world without them. What alternatives do we have to prevent the deadly results of contemporary borders? In today’s world, national citizenship determines a person’s ability to migrate across borders. Migration Borders Freedom questions that premise. Recognizing the magnitude of deaths occurring at contemporary borders worldwide, the book problematizes the concept of the border and develops arguments for open borders and a world without borders. It explores alternative possibilities, ranging from the practical to the utopian, that link migration with ideas of community, citizenship, and belonging. The author calls into question the conventional political imagination that assumes migration and citizenship to be responsibilities of nation states, rather than cities. While the book draws on the theoretical work of thinkers such as Ernst Bloch, David Harvey, and Henry Lefebvre, it also presents international empirical examples of policies and practices on migration and claims of belonging. In this way, the book equips the reader with the practical and conceptual tools for political action, activist practice, and scholarly engagement to achieve greater justice for people who are on the move.
As the dominant narrative forms in the age of media convergence, films and games call for a transmedial perspective in narratology. Games allow a participatory reception of the story, bringing the ...transgression of the ontological boundary between the narrated world and the world of the recipient into focus. These diverse transgressions - medial and ontological - are the subject of this transdisciplinary compendium, which covers the subject in an interdisciplinary way from various perspectives: game studies and media studies, but also sociology and psychology, to take into account the great influence of storytelling on social discourses and human behavior.
The Shifted Boundary Method (SBM) is an approximate domain method for boundary value problems, in the broader class of unfitted/embedded/immersed methods, that has proven efficient in handling ...partial differential equation problems with complex geometries. The key feature of the SBM is a shift in the location where boundary conditions are applied – from the true to a surrogate boundary – and an appropriate modification (again, a shift) of the value of the boundary conditions, in order to reduce the consistency error. This paper presents the high-order version of the method, its mathematical analysis, and numerical experiments. The proposed method retains optimal accuracy for any order of the finite element interpolation spaces despite the surrogate boundary is piecewise linear. As such, the proposed approach bypasses the problematic issue of meshing complex geometries with high-order body-fitted boundary representations, without the need of complex data structures for the integration on cut cells.
•The high-order version of the Shifted Boundary Method (SBM) is presented.•The SBM is an unfitted FEM that does not require cut cells.•The SBM is defined on a surrogate domain, with modified boundary conditions.•The SBM is optimally accurate even if the surrogate boundary is piecewise affine.•Proofs of stability, convergence, and L2-error estimates are included.
The interactions between dislocations (dislocations and deformation twins) and boundaries (grain boundaries, twin boundaries and phase interfaces) during deformation at ambient temperatures are ...reviewed with focuses on interaction behaviors, boundary resistances and energies during the interactions, transmission mechanisms, grain size effects and other primary influencing factors. The structure of boundaries, interactions between dislocations and boundaries in coarse-grained, ultrafine-grained and nano-grained metals during deformation at ambient temperatures are summarized, and the advantages and drawbacks of different in-situ techniques are briefly discussed based on experimental and simulation results. The latest studies as well as fundamental concepts are presented with the aim that this paper can serve as a reference in the interactions between dislocations and boundaries during deformation.
Grain boundaries (GBs) are central defects for describing polycrystalline materials, and playing major role in a wide-range of physical properties of polycrystals. Control over GB kinetics provides ...effective means to tailor polycrystal properties through material processing. While many approaches describe different GB kinetic phenomena, this review provides a unifying concept for a wide range of GB kinetic behavior. Our approach rests on a disconnection description of GB kinetics. Disconnections are topological line defects constrained to crystalline interfaces with both step and dislocation character. These characteristics can be completely specified by GB bicrystallography and the macroscopic degrees of freedom of GBs. GB thermal fluctuations, GB migration and the ability of GBs to absorb/emit other defects from/into the delimiting grains can be modeled via the nucleation, propagation and reaction of disconnections in the GB. We review the fundamentals of bicrystallography and its relationship to disconnections and ultimately to the kinetic behavior of GBs. We then relate disconnection dynamics and GB kinetics to microstructural evolution. While this review of the GB kinetics literature is not exhaustive, we review much of the foundational literature and draw comparisons from a wide swath of the extant experimental, simulation, and theoretical GB kinetics literature.
When twin variants interact, TTBs form and consequently affect twinning and detwinning processes. In this paper, we study twin–twin interactions by combining experimental observations and theoretical ...analysis. Mg single crystals are cyclically loaded in 0001 and 101¯0 directions, respectively. Experimental characterization reveals the character of the twin–twin boundary and three kinds of twin–twin structures: a quilted-looking twin structure consisting of twins arrested at other twin boundaries, an “apparent crossing” twin structure which links twins impinging independently on each side of twin lamella and a double twin structure that results from secondary twins being nucleated at twin–twin interfaces. According to their crystallography, twin–twin interactions are classified into Type I for two twin variants sharing the same 〈112¯0〉 zone axis and Type II for two twins with different zone axes. For Type I twin–twin interactions, one twin does not transmit across the twin boundary and into the other twin. For Type II twin–twin interactions, one twin can transmit into the other only under some special loading conditions. In most cases twin transmission does not occur but, instead, twin–twin boundaries form that contain boundary dislocations. For Type I twin–twin interactions, the twin–twin boundary is a low angle tilt boundary with the habit plane being either the basal or the prismatic plane. For Type II twin–twin interactions, the twin–twin boundary is a high index crystallographic plane according to geometry analysis. Twin–twin boundary dislocations can be inferred by reactions of twinning dislocations associated with the two twin variants. An “apparent crossing” twin structure is thus a consequence of twin–twin boundary formation. Under reversed loading, detwinning is hindered because of the energetically unfavorable dissociation of boundary dislocations. Most interestingly, secondary twinning is activated at Type II twin–twin boundaries under reversed loading.
Bordering Tibetan Languages Harris, Tina; van Schendel, Willem; Hyslop, Gwendolyn ...
2022, 20220901, 2022-09-01
eBook
Bordering Tibetan Languages: Making and Marking Languages in Transnational High Asia examines the complex interactions between state, ethnic, and linguistic borders in the Himalaya. These case ...studies from Bhutan, China, India, and Nepal show how people in the Himalaya talk borders into existence, and also how those borders speak to them and their identities. These ‘talking borders’ exist in a world where state borders are contested, and which is being irrevocably transformed by rapid social and economic change. This book offers a new perspective on this dynamic region by centring language, and in doing so, also offers new ways of thinking about how borders and language influence each other.
Although part of a broader circumpolar world, North America's
Arctic and sub-Arctic borders-and the establishment of new
boundaries in the wake of significant, and regionally unique,
change-are ...increasingly relevant in the broader, global world.
Indeed, the Arctic reality has been dramatically reshaped by new
territorial configurations and comprehensive land claims;
increasing flows of international investment and trade focused upon
resource industries and hydrocarbon extraction; the growing
importance and role of sub-national entities, organizations, and
Indigenous governments; shifting geopolitical interests; and
existential challenges created by climate change and environmental
security.
This book demonstrates how North America's Arctic borders are
being reshaped by globalization even as these borders are adjusting
to new internal pressures such as devolution and the rise of
sub-national territorial interests.
The last two decades brought a marked change in the way the border is understood. There was also a revival of discussion about the historical and social context of the border creation and ...functioning, which resulted in opening new theoretical perspectives. The concept of borderscapes is an attempt to complement and enrich the current way of thinking about borders by emphasizing the role of social and cultural aspects of shaping the space around borders. The inspiration for new ideas was both spatial and relational turn taking place in social sciences at the turn of the century. The aim of this article is to present the original way of conceptualizing and testing boundaries labeled as borderscapes. The perspective of borderscape brings a new view on reality and seeks theoretical and empirical possibilities to capture the complex, multidimensional social space that the borders set. This approach attempts to show the border as a dynamic transnational space of relations, discourses and social practices.
In the early 2000s, actors of cross-Channel transport are forced to be involved in border control due to financial pressure from the British Government. Based on fieldwork conducted between 2011 and ...2017 in Calais, this article explores the delegation of border controls to private actors and investigate the use of « discretion » by sailors and trucks drivers in the implementation of these controls. More broadly the article analyzes how the focus on the border work documents the redeployment of State regarding migration controls and the definition of the foreigners.
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