Based on an extensive range of primary sources - whether they be archival, journalistic or documentary - some of which are exposed here for the first time, the present volume reviews the efforts made ...by the State of Israel to obtain reparations from Germany after the Holocaust, as well as the unprecedented storm which this issue caused among Israeli Jews. It is the most comprehensive research work undertaken in any language on this subject.
The architecture of the Habsburg period left landmarks in the provincial capital Sarajevo. But this orientalizing ("Moorish") style also found expression in the provinces. More than other places, it ...left its mark on the central Bosnian town of Travnik. Its designation as the seat of the district administration, its connection to the railroad network and construction activity as a result of major fires ensured that the district office was bustling with activity. The central question of this study is the role played by architects and engineers in the service of the provincial administration and their superordinate decision-makers in the spread of this style and the consolidation of a repertoire of forms. How was cultural convergence administered? What forms did it take outside the metropolitan areas? And what about this "colonial" heritage today?
We present a new monolithic silicon photonics technology and its application to manycore processor-to-DRAM networks. Our technology implements photonic components in a standard bulk CMOS process ...reducing costs and improving opto-electrical coupling compared to other photonic technologies. Simulation and preliminary experimental results show an order of magnitude better energy-efficiency and bandwidth-density than off-chip electrical links in the same technology generation. Exploiting the advantages of both electrical and photonic interconnect, we propose a manycore processor-to-DRAM network based on a "local meshes to global switches" topology. We illustrate the advantages of the proposed network architecture using analytical models and simulations with synthetic traffic patterns, and also introduce a technique for implementing such networks with a ring-filter matrix. Our work shows the importance of a vertically integrated approach to turn the advantages of photonic devices into system-level benefits.
(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium (RhCp*)‐catalyzed CH transformations have emerged as a prosperous field in CH bond activation. Recent advances in this area have significantly focused on the ...development of new strategies for CC and Cheteroatom bond formation that are characterized by the novel reactivity of the RhCp* catalyst to undergo formal SN‐type reactions with electrophilic substrates. This review is intended to give an overview on this rather new class of RhCp*‐catalyzed CH transformations, covering recent CC and Cheteroatom bond‐forming reactions. The nature of the reaction partner in these CH functionalization reactions serves as a guideline throughout this article and, combined with selected descriptions of mechanistic proposals, should emphasize general characteristics of transformations within this novel reaction class.
Ichthyology in Context (1500–1880) provides a broad spectre of early modern manifestations of human fascination with fish – “fish” understood in the early modern sense of the term, as aquatilia: all ...aquatic animals, including sea mammals and crustaceans. It addresses the period’s quickly growing knowledge about fish in its multiple, varied and rapidly changing interaction with culture. This topic is approached from various disciplines: history of science, cultural history, history of collections, historical ecology, art history, literary studies, and lexicology. Attention is given to the problematic questions of visual and textual representation of fish, and pre- and post-Linnean classification and taxonomy. This book also explores the transnational exchange of ichthyological knowledge and items in and outside Europe. Contributors: Cristina Brito, Tobias Bulang, João Paulo S. Cabral, Florike Egmond, Dorothee Fischer, Holger Funk, Dirk Geirnaert, Philippe Glardon, Justin R. Hanisch, Bernardo Jerosch Herold, Rob Lenders, Alan Moss, Doreen Mueller, Johannes Müller, Martien J.P. van Oijen, Pietro Daniel Omodeo, Anne M. Overduin-de Vries, Theodore W. Pietsch, Cynthia Pyle, Marlise Rijks, Paul J. Smith, Ronny Spaans, Robbert Striekwold, Melinda Susanto, Didi van Trijp, Sabina Tsapaeva, and Ching-Ling Wang.
The phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase (PI3K)–AKT pathway is one of the most commonly dysregulated pathways in all of cancer, with somatic mutations, copy number alterations, aberrant epigenetic ...regulation and increased expression in a number of cancers. The carefully maintained homeostatic balance of cell division and growth on one hand, and programmed cell death on the other, is universally disturbed in tumorigenesis, and downstream effectors of the PI3K–AKT pathway play an important role in this disturbance. With a wide array of downstream effectors involved in cell survival and proliferation, the well‐characterized direct interactions of AKT make it a highly attractive yet elusive target for cancer therapy. Here, we review the salient features of this pathway, evidence of its role in promoting tumorigenesis and recent progress in the development of therapeutic agents that target AKT.
This review covers Pd‐catalyzed ing and borrowing hydrogen transfers from alcohols to C=C, C=O, and C=N bonds. An ing hydrogen transfer implies a reaction in which an alcohol serves only as a ...hydrogen atom source, whereas in a borrowing hydrogen transfer the alcohol is part of the final product. Both transfer types involve a palladium monohydride or palladium dihydride, and are implicated in a variety of useful and safe one‐pot reactions such as the formation, with low quantities of waste material, of C–C, C–O, and C–N bonds. Plausible mechanisms are, as far as possible, provided.
Highlights and mechanisms of Pd‐catalyzed ing and borrowing hydrogen transfers from alcohols are presented.
The essays collected in Donum discuss different aspects of Florentine art from the 16th to the 18th century, such as sculptures displayed in gardens and palaces, the collecting preferences and ...strategies of the Medici family and those of the Tuscan aristocracy, drawings and paintings by local and foreign artists, and baroque wall decoration: these topics are analyzed in light of newly discovered artworks or previously unpublished documents. The common thread binding the papers together is the research method based on the study of archival sources and historical contexts, and on the connoisseurship. The volume gathers art historians who had been involved in the conference held in 2016 in honor of Mara Visonà as well as other scholars educated at the University of Florence.
Zinc is the 24th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Since the discovery of pure zinc metal in the 18th century, the main application of zinc metal is as materials. Because zinc salts are ...abundant, cheap, non‐toxic, and exhibit environmentally benign properties, organic chemists have been interested in using zinc salts as catalysts in organic synthesis during the last three decades. Within this review, we have summarized the progress on applications of zinc salts in organic reactions. Our the target is to emphasize the special properties of zinc catalysts, and further promote the interest of organic chemists.
The analysis of land management, lineage and family through the case study of early modern Spanish nobility from sixteenth to early nineteenth century is a major issue in recent historiography. It ...aims to shed light on how upper social classes arranged strategies to maintain their political and economic status. Rivalry and disputes between old factions and families were attached to the control and exercise of power. Blood, land management and honour were the main elements in these disputes. Honour, service to the Crown, participation in the conquest and ‘pure’ blood (Catholic affiliation) were the main features of Spanish nobility. This book analyses the origins of the entailed-estate (mayorazgo) from medieval times to early modern period, as the main element that enables us to understand the socio-economic behaviour of these families over generations. This longue durée chronology within the Braudelian methodology of the research aims to show how strategies and family networks changed over time, demonstrating a micro-history study of daily life.
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