The Theory of Event Coding (TEC) has influenced research on action and perception across the past two decades. It integrates several seminal empirical phenomena and it has continued to stimulate ...novel experimental approaches on the representational foundations of action control and perceptual experience. Yet, many of the most notable results surrounding TEC originate from an era of psychological research that relied on rather small sample sizes as judged by today’s standards. This state hampers future research aiming to build on previous phenomena. We, therefore, provide a multi-lab re-assessment of the following six classical observations: response-effect compatibility, action-induced blindness, response-effect learning, stimulus–response binding, code occupation, and short-term response-effect binding. Our major goal is to provide precise estimates of corresponding effect sizes to facilitate future scientific endeavors. These effect sizes turned out to be considerably smaller than in the original reports, thus allowing for informed decisions on how to address each phenomenon in future work. Of note, the most relevant results of the original observations were consistently obtained in the present experiments as well.
Much of our understanding of human thinking is based on probabilistic models. This innovative book by Jerome R. Busemeyer and Peter D. Bruza argues that, actually, the underlying mathematical ...structures from quantum theory provide a much better account of human thinking than traditional models. They introduce the foundations for modeling probabilistic-dynamic systems using two aspects of quantum theory. The first, 'contextuality', is a way to understand interference effects found with inferences and decisions under conditions of uncertainty. The second, 'quantum entanglement', allows cognitive phenomena to be modeled in non-reductionist ways. Employing these principles drawn from quantum theory allows us to view human cognition and decision in a totally new light. Introducing the basic principles in an easy-to-follow way, this book does not assume a physics background or a quantum brain and comes complete with a tutorial and fully worked-out applications in important areas of cognition and decision.
Dynamiczny rozwój studiów wizualnych wymaga nowego spojrzenia na miejsce obrazu w badaniach naukowych. Celem artykułu jest włączenie się do dyskusji nad wykorzystaniem obrazu, a dokładniej – obrazu ...fotograficznego, w badaniach i w praktyce pedagogicznej w obszarze pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej. Poddana namysłowi zostanie w tym kontekście użyteczność tzw. fotografii uczestniczącej (participatory photography) oraz doświadczeń badawczych z realizacji projektów wykorzystujących etnografię wizualną.
Dynamic development of visual studies inquires a new approach towards imagein scientific research. This article is aimed at joining the discussion concerning utilizing photographicvisuals in research ...and application of social rehabilitation pedagogy. Moreover, it evaluates the efficiency of both “participatory photography” and visual ethnography – and the associated experimental research in this very field.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the level of resources (self-esteem,self-efficacy, basic hope), stigma and discrimination among people using one of two community-based support system ...(Community Self-Help Center and Occupational Therapy Workshops). Methods: In total 97 subjects with mental illness in the Mazowieckie Province (52 from Community Self-Help Center and 45 from Occupational Therapy Workshops) were examined with the use of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), Generalized Self-EfficacyScale (GSES), Basic Hope Inventory-12 (BHI-12) and Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (CESQ). Results: Results shows no differences in the level of resources (self-esteem, self-efficacy, basic hope) between the study groups. Whereas for the entire study groupthe predictor of the stigma was the level of self-esteem – the lower the self-esteem peopleusing community-based support systems had, the more stigma they felt. Conclusions: Self-esteem can be crucial for coping with difficult social situations, such as stigmatization,which affects the entire recovery.
Cel: celem przeprowadzonego badania było porównanie poziomu zasobów (samooceny,poczucia własnej skuteczności, nadziei podstawowej) oraz piętna i dyskryminacji wśród uczestników dwóch różnych ...programów wsparcia środowiskowego: Środowiskowych Domów Samopomocy (ŚDS) oraz Warsztatów Terapii Zajęciowej (WTZ). Metody: zbadano97 chorych psychicznie osób z województwa mazowieckiego: 52 osoby z ŚDS i 45 z WTZ.Do badania wykorzystano kwestionariusze psychologiczne: Skalę Samooceny (RosenbergSelf-Esteem Scale, SES), Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności (Generalized Self-EfficacyScale, GSES), Kwestionariusz Nadziei Podstawowej (Basic Hope Inventory-12, BHI-12) i KwestionariuszPiętna i Dyskryminacji (Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire, CESQ). Wyniki: osoby korzystające z dwóch typów środowiskowych systemów wsparcia: ŚDS i WTZ charakteryzują się podobnym poziomem zasobów w zakresie samooceny, samoskutecznościi nadziei podstawowej. Głównym predyktorem poczucia piętna okazał się poziom samooceny– im uczestnicy środowiskowych systemów wsparcia mieli niższą samoocenę, tym silniej odczuwali piętno. Wnioski: samoocena osób chorujących psychicznie może być kluczowa dla radzenia sobie z trudnymi społecznymi sytuacjami, takimi jak stygmatyzacja, wpływając na cały proces zdrowienia.
We examine key aspects of data quality for online behavioral research between selected platforms (Amazon Mechanical Turk, CloudResearch, and Prolific) and panels (Qualtrics and Dynata). To identify ...the key aspects of data quality, we first engaged with the behavioral research community to discover which aspects are most critical to researchers and found that these include attention, comprehension, honesty, and reliability. We then explored differences in these data quality aspects in two studies (
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~ 4000), with or without data quality filters (approval ratings). We found considerable differences between the sites, especially in comprehension, attention, and dishonesty. In Study 1 (without filters), we found that only Prolific provided high data quality on all measures. In Study 2 (with filters), we found high data quality among CloudResearch and Prolific. MTurk showed alarmingly low data quality even with data quality filters. We also found that while reputation (approval rating) did not predict data quality, frequency and purpose of usage did, especially on MTurk: the lowest data quality came from MTurk participants who report using the site as their main source of income but spend few hours on it per week. We provide a framework for future investigation into the ever-changing nature of data quality in online research, and how the evolving set of platforms and panels performs on these key aspects.
This book outlines a new approach to the analysis of decision making based on "cognitive maps." A cognitive map is a graphic representation intended to capture the structure of a decision maker's ...stated beliefs about a particular problem. Following introductory chapters that develop the theory and techniques of cognitive mapping, a set of five empirical studies applies these new techniques to five policy areas.
Originally published in 1976.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
While there are many books on retrospective memory, or remembering past events, Prospective Memory: An Overview and Synthesis of an Emerging Field is the first authored text to provide a ...straightforward and integrated foundation to the scientific study of memory for actions to be performed in the future. Authors Mark A. McDaniel and Gilles O. Einstein present an accessible overview and synthesis of the theoretical and empirical work in this emerging field.
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