Conversational systems have come a long way since their inception in the 1960s. After decades of research and development, we have seen progress from Eliza and Parry in the 1960s and 1970s, to ...task-completion systems as in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) communicator program in the 2000s, to intelligent personal assistants such as Siri, in the 2010s, to today’s social chatbots like XiaoIce. Social chatbots’ appeal lies not only in their ability to respond to users’ diverse requests, but also in being able to establish an emotional connection with users. The latter is done by satisfying users’ need for communication, affection, as well as social belonging. To further the advancement and adoption of social chatbots, their design must focus on user engagement and take both intellectual quotient (IQ) and emotional quotient (EQ) into account. Users should want to engage with a social chatbot; as such, we define the success metric for social chatbots as conversation-turns per session (CPS). Using XiaoIce as an illustrative example, we discuss key technologies in building social chatbots from core chat to visual awareness to skills. We also show how XiaoIce can dynamically recognize emotion and engage the user throughout long conversations with appropriate interpersonal responses. As we become the first generation of humans ever living with artificial intelligenc (AI), we have a responsibility to design social chatbots to be both useful and empathetic, so they will become ubiquitous and help society as a whole.
Explainability in human–agent systems Rosenfeld, Avi; Richardson, Ariella
Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems,
11/2019, Letnik:
33, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This paper presents a taxonomy of explainability in human–agent systems. We consider fundamental questions about the
Why, Who, What, When
and
How
of explainability. First, we define explainability, ...and its relationship to the related terms of interpretability, transparency, explicitness, and faithfulness. These definitions allow us to answer
why
explainability is needed in the system,
whom
it is geared to and
what
explanations can be generated to meet this need. We then consider
when
the user should be presented with this information. Last, we consider
how
objective and subjective measures can be used to evaluate the entire system. This last question is the most encompassing as it will need to evaluate all other issues regarding explainability.
The proliferation of social media enables people to express their opinions widely online. However, at the same time, this has resulted in the emergence of conflict and hate, making online ...environments uninviting for users. Although researchers have found that hate is a problem across multiple platforms, there is a lack of models for online hate detection using multi-platform data. To address this research gap, we collect a total of 197,566 comments from four platforms: YouTube, Reddit, Wikipedia, and Twitter, with 80% of the comments labeled as non-hateful and the remaining 20% labeled as hateful. We then experiment with several classification algorithms (Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost, and Neural Networks) and feature representations (Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF, Word2Vec, BERT, and their combination). While all the models significantly outperform the keyword-based baseline classifier, XGBoost using all features performs the best (F1 = 0.92). Feature importance analysis indicates that BERT features are the most impactful for the predictions. Findings support the generalizability of the best model, as the platform-specific results from Twitter and Wikipedia are comparable to their respective source papers. We make our code publicly available for application in real software systems as well as for further development by online hate researchers.
—Trends in the development of smart spaces are described. Modern tools for designing the information support of smart spaces are presented, and a brief description of them, their applied methods, and ...their standards are given. It is concluded that there is a growing need for specialist designers of this field of knowledge.
—The features of professional communities for providers of library methodological services are revealed. In social media, the information, navigation, and communication functions of library ...methodological services can be distinguished. This study was conducted to analyze the content and presentation of professional information posted on social media by library methodological services organizations. In all, 12 communities of library methodological services with presences on the social network VKontakte were examined in June and July 2023, and a content analysis of 567 of their posts was carried out.
We discuss the approaches to the evaluation of scientists’ performance that prevailed in Russia over the course of the last decade. The article presents criticism of these approaches and describes ...the change of to the evaluation system with the development of a White List of scientific journals announced by the government. Questions have been raised regarding about the criteria for selecting journals for a White List and the need for a fair assessment of the level of scientific publications. Drawing on an analysis of Russian journals in medicine and public health, problematic aspects of different approaches to the stratification of journals are identified.
The paper describes the creation of a new scientometric methodology for analyzing the subjective interest of direct participants in scientific events (conferences, symposia, forums, and others) in ...reports presented at them and in these events as a whole. The methodology corresponds to the methodology of the Hirsch citation index and, at the same time, introduces significant additions and changes to it. In particular, the methodology provides a quantitative measure of the
it-is-interesting
quality category. The average event interest is determined. Votes of interest in papers are calculated and used as the basis for drawing the event interest square. The length of a side of this square depicts the event interest index (
I
-index).
I
-indices are used as the basis for proposing an event-grading methodology (or logic). This methodology forms categories of quality, such as
excellent
,
good
,
average
, and
poor
. The theory is embodied in the INTERES software suite. This suite makes real-time calculations of various numerical indicators of the event itself and its participants. The winners of the event in the
author’s interest
category are invited by representatives of scientific journals to publish reports in the form of scientific articles.
—
Bibliographic databases can be an important tool in the solution of a task of socio-economic development and are necessary to the collection and systematization of large amounts of heterogeneous ...information. The efficiency of such tools for the development of river tourism in Russia is here considered. Using search engine of the Nauchnaya Elektronnaya Biblioteka (Scientific Electronic Library), it is established that a large number of thematically relevant works have been published over the past 5 years. Attention is paid to river tourism in the Volga River basin and to the river systems of the other territories. The sources analyzed are assigned to twelve themes and are grouped into three clusters. The interpretation of the results shows that the bibliographic databases are important for the establishment of the scientific potential of the socio-economical tasks, as they help locate important directions for the relevant activities.
This article analyzes the theoretical and methodological provisions of seminal works concerning the efficiency of research, development and development management, and production for hi-tech products ...in the context of uncertainty in order to make reliable managerial decisions. Competitive advantages can be achieved and the market share of Russian-made competitive products can be increased by combining the improvement of their technological specifications when using cutting-edge materials and components with economic, process, and production capabilities of manufacturing. The probabilistic assessment of reliable managerial decisions is based on information theories.
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