•Cardboard bands installed on pear trees reduced intraguild predation (IGP) among spiders.•Reduced IGP improved the suppression of Cacopsylla pyri by winter-active spiders.•Increased abundances of ...spiders intensified intra-trophic-level interference.•Intra-trophic-level interference buffered the predation pressure on psylla.
Artificially increased habitat complexity can improve the biocontrol service provided by generalist predators as it can reduce intraguild predation (IGP). However, several counteracting mechanisms can buffer the effect of reduced IGP. Here, we investigated whether the cardboard bands installed in pear trees in early winter improve the suppression of the serious pest pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri) by winter-active spiders (Anyphaena accentuata and Philodromus spp.). We also investigated in laboratory experiments whether the increased abundances of some predators (Philodromus sp.) would result in negative or positive predator-predator interactions and whether the type and/or intensity of interaction is temperature dependent. On average, pear trees with cardboard bands hosted less psylla than control trees. This pattern can be attributed to predation by winter-active spiders, as 45% of individuals were psylla positive using molecular gut-content analysis. However, 58% of Anyphaena spiders were also Philodromus positive. The suppression efficiency for psylla increased asymptotically with the increasing density of winter-active spiders. In the laboratory, the per capita capture rate of philodromids decreased with the density of conspecifics, which translated in an asymptotic increase in predation pressure on the pear psylla. Non-consumptive intra-trophic-level interference was more intense at 12°C than at 7°C. The results show that artificially increasing habitat complexity by installing corrugated cardboard bands around the trunks and branches of pear trees increased predation pressure on the pear psylla as it most likely reduced IGP among winter-active spiders. However, increased intra-trophic-level interference due to increased abundances of spiders reduced their per capita capture rate and caused only an asymptotic increase in the overall predation pressure on the pest. The installation of corrugated cardboard bands around trees could represent an environmentally-friendly management practice in fruit orchards that improves the biocontrol service provided by generalist predators.
In today's modern shipping business environment, there is a shift from traditional to digital marketing. Social media has the most significant potential for companies to reach consumers; thus, this ...paper aims to discover the intensity and content of the marketing activities of shipping companies through social media. Two different types of companies, the container and multi-purpose ones, are the objects of research, primarily analyzed based on the number of followers, posts, likes, comments, and shares on social media. The results show the highest intensity of Facebook usage for shipping companies. It was also discovered that shipping companies actively use Facebook, and this form of online representation is considered more precise regarding brand awareness and public engagement. The content analysis revealed that shipping companies have no intention of selling services using social media. Namely, there are limited network-building or customer relationship efforts, but activities in Corporate Social Responsibility activities, Employee Brand Management, and Sustainability increase. The paper revealed that shipping companies use digital marketing toward the internal public and employees, increasing marketing and human resource management activities. This paper opens up the possibilities of a more significant application of marketing in the shipping industry, bearing in mind the trends of digitization of maritime operational processes and supply chains.
Various studies describe the Singular Therapeutic Project (STP) as a powerful instrument of care for the users of specialized mental health services. It is also put forward as a tool to organize and ...support the activities of the Family Health Support Centers (FHSC), based on the concepts of co-responsibility and comprehensive care. The article seeks to analyze the development of STP by mental health teams of FHSC and its articulations with services of Primary Health Care (PHC), psychosocial services and other sectors of society. It involved qualitative research performed in Guarulhos in the state of São Paulo in 2012 by systematic observation and conducting semi-structured interviews with mental health professionals from support centers. The content analysis method was employed for interpretation of the findings. The STP in FHSC faces obstacles related to lack of definition of work object (attention or management?), precarious working conditions and overlapping functions. It is necessary to analyze the technological feasibility of the STP based on the peculiarities of PHC, avoiding straightforward transposition of technological tools among the different services that comprise the psychosocial care network.
Aims
To explore nurse preceptors' experiences in promoting and teaching the delivery of fundamental care to nursing students during their clinical period at nursing homes.
Design
The study used a ...qualitative descriptive approach.
Methods
Nine in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with clinical nurses employed at five different nursing homes. Data collection lasted from September 2020 to April 2021. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive, qualitative content analysis was employed to analyse the data.
Results
Qualitative content analysis yielded one main category—‘Fostering nursing students’ knowledge and understanding of fundamental care’—supported by two subcategories: (i) ‘Raising awareness of the importance of fundamental care’ and ‘Providing for learning through exchange and cooperation’, which are interpreted as the ways nurse preceptors enable students to learn how to provide fundamental care during their clinical period at nursing homes.
Conclusion
By taking the role of nurse preceptors, clinical nurses act as enablers for students' learning of the provision of fundamental care within nursing homes as the learning context. Nurse preceptors possess the pedagogical skills to initiate and conduct nursing students' learning processes. The study reveals that nurse preceptors stress the importance of providing fundamental care to patients; hence, teaching students to provide fundamental care was also found to be important.
Impact
Within a nursing home context, nurses are responsible for providing fundamental care; therefore, they play an essential role in both providing and teaching about caregiving. The study shows that because of their preceptorship, nurse preceptors can enhance students' awareness of the importance of learning to provide fundamental care to patients. In addition, the study reveals that nurse preceptors work to enhance student's reflection and critical thinking by targeting the student's zone of proximal development, which represents a preliminary phase in students' learning.
Community foundations are increasingly looked to as community leaders that coalesce money, people, knowledge, and networks for addressing public problems at the local level. However, the field ...remains difficult to grasp—what it is and how it materializes in practice. Drawing from both academic and practitioner literature, this article proposes a multidimensional conceptual framework that construes community leadership in six capacities ranging from (a) strategizing, (b) convening, (c) knowledge building, (d) capacity building, (e) partnering, to (f) policy engagement. I applied this conceptual framework to analyze 539 annual reports of U.S. community foundations using semi‐automated content analysis. The empirical analysis shows that they tend to specialize in one or a few leadership capacities, but not necessarily all six components. In particular, the capability approach to community leadership through capacity building, partnering, and policy engagement is more favorable among community foundations than a participatory approach through convening and knowledge building. This article contributes to building the conceptual foundation and provides preliminary evidence to advance future research on the foundations' role in community leadership.
The increase in imaging throughput, new analytical frameworks and high-performance computational resources open new avenues for data-rich phenotypic profiling of small molecules in drug discovery. ...Image-based profiling assays assessing single-cell phenotypes have been used to explore mechanisms of action, target efficacy and toxicity of small molecules. Technological advances to generate large data sets together with new machine learning approaches for the analysis of high-dimensional profiling data create opportunities to improve many steps in drug discovery. In this review, we will discuss how recent studies applied machine learning approaches in functional profiling workflows with a focus on chemical genetics. While their utility in image-based screening and profiling is predictably evident, examples of novel insights beyond the status quo based on the applications of machine learning approaches are just beginning to emerge. To enable discoveries, future studies also need to develop methodologies that lower the entry barriers to high-throughput profiling experiments by streamlining image-based profiling assays and providing applications for advanced learning technologies such as easy to deploy deep neural networks.
This article introduces reputational support: when individuals who are not part of a public organization publicly explain or promote that organization. Whereas existing research focuses on ...organizations’ reputation management, reputational support highlights the relevance of unassociated actors’ behavior in organizations’ environment. Relying on social psychology insights, I explore an extreme case of the motivations behind reputational support and its perception and evaluation from the organization. Combining media content analysis and semi-structured interviews, I show that although helping the organization was not a primary motivation, employees perceived and appreciated reputational support. Thus, reputational support constitutes a valuable resource for organizations.
This article presents a dictionary-based measurement of populist communication that reaches citizens directly through social media in German. The studied populist messages reflect ideational ...definitions of populism. Thus, populist messages appeal to the people, dismiss the elites as appalling, or highlight the people’s right to unfettered rule. Despite German-speaking countries offering a variety of populist parties, existing automated approaches are rarely applicable to German texts. Furthermore, they are not tailored to social media and often focus only on anti-elitism. I vastly improved existing dictionaries by analyzing populist ideology in its entirety, including people-centrism and the demand for people’s sovereignty. The article showed how known populist parties in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland spread these messages to a great extent on social media. Furthermore, I was able to highlight intra-party differences. Finally, the article discusses different aspects of validity and shows that the proposed approach offers high convergent validity and split-half reliability.
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