Different disciplines have studied the content of online user comments in various contexts, using manual qualitative/quantitative or (semi-)automated approaches. The broad spectrum and disciplinary ...divides make it difficult to grasp an overview of those aspects which have already been examined, e.g. to identify findings related to one's own research, recommendable methodological approaches, and under-researched topics. We introduce a systematic literature review concerning content analyses of user comments in a journalistic context. Our review covers 192 papers identified through a systematic search focussing on communication studies and computer science. We find that research predominantly concentrates on the comment sections of Anglo-American newspaper brands and on aspects like hate speech, general incivility, or users' opinions on specific issues, while disregarding media from other parts of the world, comments in social media, propaganda, and constructive comments. From our results we derive a research agenda that addresses research gaps and also highlights potentials for automating analyses as well as for cooperation across disciplines.
ABSTRACT Despite scientific advances in the understanding of creativity, there are still doubts in the definition of this construct by students and teachers. This study aimed to identify the ...perception of creativity in students (n=74) and teachers (n=24). The average age was 30.5 years, mostly women (70.41%), with higher education (75%), from the Southeast region (58%). The instrument used was an online questionnaire with open questions about the perception of creativity. Through content analysis, it was found that participants describe creativity through cognitive characteristics (fluency, flexibility, elaboration and originality), with teachers showing greater emphasis on the creative environment, while students believe that the person and the process are aspects that can stimulate the expression of creativity. The results are in line with others found in the literature, reinforcing the importance that creativity is inserted in the training of teachers and worked with students.
RESUMO Apesar dos avanços científicos na compreensão da criatividade, ainda restam dúvidas na definição deste constructo por alunos e professores. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a percepção da criatividade em alunos (n=74) e professores (n=24). A média de idade foi de 30,5 anos, em sua maioria mulheres (70,41%), de escolaridade com nível superior (75%), da região Sudeste (58%). O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário online com perguntas abertas sobre a percepção da criatividade. Por meio da análise de conteúdo, verificou-se que os participantes descrevem a criatividade através de características cognitivas (fluência, flexibilidade, elaboração e originalidade), sendo que os professores mostraram maior ênfase ao ambiente criativo, enquanto alunos acreditam que a pessoa e o processo sejam aspectos que podem estimular a expressão da criatividade. Os resultados se alinham com outros encontrados na literatura, reforçando a importância de que a criatividade seja inserida na formação dos professores e trabalhada junto aos alunos.
RESUMEN A pesar de los avances científicos en la comprensión de la creatividad, aún hay dudas en la definición de este constructo por alumnos y profesores. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar la percepción de la creatividad en alumnos (n=74) y profesores (n=24). El promedio de edad fue de 30,5 años, en mayoría mujeres (el 70,41%), de escolaridad con nivel universitario (el 75%), de la región Sudeste (el 58%). El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario online con preguntas abiertas sobre la percepción de la creatividad. Por intermedio del análisis de contenido, se verificó que los participantes describen la creatividad a través de características cognitivas (fluencia, flexibilidad, elaboración y originalidad), siendo que los profesores mostraron mayor énfasis al ambiente creativo, mientras alumnos creen que la persona y el proceso sean aspectos que pueden estimular la expresión de la creatividad. Los resultados se alinean con otros encontrados en la literatura, reforzando la importancia de que la creatividad sea inserida en la formación de los profesores y trabajada junto a los alumnos.
•Literature review (137 articles) between 1992–2019 on corruption in international business.•Seven research streams: (1) legislation (2) determinants (3) combating (4) effect on firms (5) political ...environment (6) effect on management theories (7) effect on FDI & trade.•Synthesizing the antecedents: (1) country factors (2) economic factors (3) cultural factors (4) firm characteristics..•Discussing the consequences: (1) effect on firms (2) effect on FDI and trade (3) political links and lobbying (4) anti-corruption laws.•Calls on the establishment of anti-corruption architecture, both global and local.
We systematically reviewed the literature on corruption in international business (137 articles) for the last 17 years between 1992 and 2019. Additionally, we identified seven research streams in this growing literature: (1) the legislation against corruption, (2) the determinants of corruption, (3) combating corruption, 4) the effect of corruption on firms, (5) the political environment and corruption, (6) corruption as a challenge to existing theories of management, and (7) the effect of corruption on foreign direct investment and trade. Based on this review, we recommend that strong international laws are needed to minimize the negative impact of corruption on international business. Firms must also consider corruption when formulating strategies to increase operational efficiency and performance. Finally, corruption challenges some key assumptions of existing theories of management. Scholars need to test and expand these existing theories by considering corruption as an important issue in international business.
0121 Home Care Worker Ergonomic Hazards Tendick Matesanz, Felipe; Thomason, Jane; Love, Marsha ...
Occupational and environmental medicine (London, England),
06/2014, Letnik:
71, Številka:
Suppl 1
Journal Article
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Objectives Home care workers (HCW) are at high risk of musculoskeletal disorders related to consumer care and housekeeping tasks and need of ergonomic interventions (Arlinghaus, et al., 2013; Baron ...and Habes, 2004; Hodsonetal et al., 2010). The goal of this project is to explore HCW experiences and perceptions to document potentially hazardous tasks to inform intervention and policy. Method In 2012 researchers partnered with a labour union (SEIU) representing HCWs to recruit those with at least 3 years of experience with consumers needing moving assistance. Forty six mostly African Americans participated in four focus groups and a validation session. Participants were asked to review a listing of common tasks, describe which tasks resulted in pain, and share tips for injury prevention. Results Themes identified through content analysis of transcripts include: a) Care giving relationship--The approach that HCWs take toward their consumers impacts the consumers’ behaviours and may reduce injury risks, b) Exchanging information--HCWs want to learn about consumer conditions and assistive devices/practices to help mitigate pain and improve mobility and c) Problem solving about devices/practices--HCWs have a stake in introducing devices, educating and negotiating with consumers to impact their movement and care. Conclusions In summary, CHWs have insights into their work and should be supported to 1) identify risky tasks, 2) to document barriers and solutions to implement them, 3) to share resources and 4) to identify training needs. The findings may be explored in labour-management forums in order to create policies and procedures to reduce ergonomic risks to HCWs and their consumers.
Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in research on advocacy success, but limited attention has been paid to the role of public opinion. We examine how support from the public affects ...advocacy success, relying on a new original data set containing information on public opinion, advocacy positions, and policy outcomes on 50 policy issues in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Claims by advocates are measured through a news media content analysis of a sample of policy issues drawn from national and international public opinion surveys. Our multilevel regression analysis provides evidence that public support affects advocacy success. However, public opinion does not affect preference attainment for some of the lobbying advocates whose influence is feared the most, and the magnitude of its impact is conditional upon the number of advocates who lobby on the policy issue in question.
Search engines are important political news sources and should thus provide users with diverse political information - an important precondition of a well-informed citizenry. The search engines' ...algorithmic content selection strongly influences the diversity of the content received by the users - particularly since most users highly trust search engines and often click on only the first result. A widespread concern is that users are not informed diversely by search engines, but how far this concern applies has hardly been investigated. Our study is the first to investigate content diversity provided by five search engines on ten current political issues in Germany. The findings show that sometimes even the first result is highly diverse, but in most cases, more results must be considered to be informed diversely. This unreliability presents a serious challenge when using search engines as political news sources. Our findings call for media policy measures, for example in terms of algorithmic transparency.
A hands-on guide to doing content analysis Erlingsson, Christen; Brysiewicz, Petra
African Journal of Emergency Medicine,
09/2017, Letnik:
7, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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There is a growing recognition for the important role played by qualitative research and its usefulness in many fields, including the emergency care context in Africa. Novice qualitative researchers ...are often daunted by the prospect of qualitative data analysis and thus may experience much difficulty in the data analysis process. Our objective with this manuscript is to provide a practical hands-on example of qualitative content analysis to aid novice qualitative researchers in their task.
Word vectorization is an emerging text-as-data method that shows great promise for automating the analysis of semantics—here, the cultural meanings of words—in large volumes of text. Yet successes ...with this method have largely been confined to massive corpora where the meanings of words are presumed to be fixed. In political science applications, however, many corpora are comparatively small and many interesting questions hinge on the recognition that meaning changes over time. Together, these two facts raise vexing methodological challenges. Can word vectors trace the changing cultural meanings of words in typical small corpora use cases? I test four time-sensitive implementations of word vectors (word2vec) against a gold standard developed from a modest data set of 161 years of newspaper coverage. I find that one implementation method clearly outperforms the others in matching human assessments of how public dialogues around equality in America have changed over time. In addition, I suggest best practices for using word2vec to study small corpora for time series questions, including bootstrap resampling of documents and pretraining of vectors. I close by showing that word2vec allows granular analysis of the changing meaning of words, an advance over other common text-as-data methods for semantic research questions.
Qualitative content analysis as a kind of systematic analysis of qualitative data in which the latent values and meanings of the text are tried to be identified, described, and interpreted, is one of ...the most widely used qualitative methods in urban planning research and urban studies. However, the excessive flexibility and development of the method in other theoretical fields have obscured how to use it in the field of planning and urban studies. In this paper, we have tried to propose a procedural model that is suitable for the specific conditions and issues of the field by analyzing the content of the documents obtained from the systematic review of the theoretical literature of planning and urban studies that have used this method. This procedural model explains the process of qualitative content analysis within five stages: choosing the type and theoretical context of data, explaining the objectives, deciding on how to analyze the data, deciding on how to interpret the data, and application of the interpretation results. Proposing the procedural model of qualitative content analysis that comes from the field of planning and urban studies can help, in addition to disambiguating the function of the method, make the method more visible and more correctly used in the field.
The main German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) have implemented digital contact tracing apps to assist the authorities with COVID-19 containment strategies. Low user rates for ...these apps can affect contact tracing and, thus, its usefulness in controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus.
This study aimed to assess the early perceptions of people living in the German-speaking countries and compare them with the frames portrayed in the newspapers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
We conducted qualitative interviews with 159 participants of the SolPan project. Of those, 110 participants discussed contact tracing apps and were included in this study. We analyzed articles regarding contact tracing apps from 12 newspapers in the German-speaking countries.
Study participants perceived and newspaper coverage in all German-speaking countries framed contact tracing apps as governmental surveillance tools and embedded them in a broader context of technological surveillance. Participants identified trust in authorities, respect of individual privacy, voluntariness, and temporary use of contact tracing apps as prerequisites for democratic compatibility. Newspapers commonly referenced the use of such apps in Asian countries, emphasizing the differences in privacy regulation among these countries.
The uptake of digital contact tracing apps in German-speaking countries may be undermined due to privacy risks that are not compensated by potential benefits and are rooted in a deeper skepticism towards digital tools. When authorities plan to implement new digital tools and practices in the future, they should be very transparent and proactive in communicating their objectives and the role of the technology-and how it differs from other, possibly similar, tools. It is also important to publicly address ethical, legal, and social issues related to such technologies prior to their launch.
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