Kin Majorities explores why communities like Crimea and Moldova engage with dual citizenship and how this intersects, or not, with identity. Analyzing data collected from Crimea and Moldova in 2012 ...and 2013, just before Russia's annexation of Crimea, Eleanor Knott provides a crucial window into Russian identification in a time of calm.
In February and March 2014, Ukraine was literally overrun by a chain of events that eventually led to Crimea’s incorporation into Russian territory. Crimean and Russian authorities jointly used the ...internal conflict in Ukraine to deprive the Ukrainian government of its control over Crimea, to hold a so-called referendum, and to declare Crimea’s independence. On the day after independence was declared, Russia formally recognized Crimea as an independent state,1 and the Crimean parliament requested Russia to admit Crimea to the Russian Federation.2 Soon after that, the accession treaty was signed, and, within a few more days, all Russian constitutional requirements for Crimea’s accession to the Russian Federation were fulfilled.3All parties to the conflict refer to international law to justify their positions. The Crimean authorities and Russia claim that Russia had a legal basis for intervening and that Crimea had the right to secede from Ukraine. Most states, however, reject these claims. Thus, three questions are presented: Was Crimea’s secession lawful under international law? To what extent has Russia violated international law? And what is Crimea’s status? This article addresses these questions. Part 1 briefly describes the relevant circumstances and events leading to Crimea’s secession. Part 2 reviews the legal obligations between Ukraine and Russia concerning territorial integrity and the prohibition against the use and threat of force. Parts 3 and 4 discuss the legality of Russia’s intervention in Crimea and the legality of Crimea’s secession from Ukraine, respectively. Part 5 concludes this article by answering the questions it raises. 1 See “Executive Order on Recognizing Republic of Crimea,” President’s web-site, March 17, 2014, accessed June 1, 2016, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20596. 2 Luke Harding and Shaun Walker, “Crimea Applies to be Part of Russian Federation After Vote to Leave Ukraine,” The Guardian, March 17, 2014, accessed June 1, 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/17/ukraine-crimea-russia-referendum-complain-result. 3 See in regard to the Russian constitutional process Otto Luchterhandt, who argues that during that process Russian constitutional law was violated (Otto Luchterhandt, “Annexion der Krim – Putin verstößt gegen russische Verfassung,” Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, April 18, 2014).
Sebastopol: On the Fall of a City Trudi Tate
19: interdisciplinary studies in the long nineteenth century,
05/2015, Letnik:
2015, Številka:
20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The siege of Sebastopol lasted for eleven months, causing immense hardship on all sides. After the heaviest bombardment in the history of the world, Sebastopol fell in September 1855 when the ...Russians evacuated overnight, leaving the city heavily mined. When the allies were eventually able to occupy Sebastopol, many were shocked and saddened by its state of ruin. Visitors were moved to make representations of the fallen city, in letters, newspaper articles, sketches, and photographs. This article explores some aspects of how representation helps to shape cultural perceptions of warfare, and the particular forms these took at the Crimea. It looks at a range of representations, including memoirs and letters of soldiers, army medics, and civilians, alongside some of the visual representations, most notably the haunting photographs of James Robertson and Felice Beato. The article meditates upon the meanings of representations of warfare, especially at the Crimea, regarded as the first modern war in this respect. I consider this question within a framework of historical rethinking suggested by historian Andrew Lambert, who argues that all the courage and suffering at the Crimea did not have much impact on the outcome of the war.
The first comprehensive, archive-based history of Russia's original annexation of Crimea and its predominantly Muslim population more than two hundred years agoRussia's long-standing claims to Crimea ...date back to the eighteenth-century reign of Catherine II. Historian Kelly O'Neill has written the first archive-based, multi-dimensional study of the initial "quiet conquest" of a region that has once again moved to the forefront of international affairs. O'Neill traces the impact of Russian rule on the diverse population of the former khanate, which included Muslim, Christian, and Jewish residents. She discusses the arduous process of establishing the empire's social, administrative, and cultural institutions in a region that had been governed according to a dramatically different logic for centuries. With careful attention to how officials and subjects thought about the spaces they inhabited, O'Neill's work reveals the lasting influence of Crimea and its people on the Russian imperial system, and sheds new light on the precarious contemporary relationship between Russia and the famous Black Sea peninsula.
This essay on the history of creation and functioning of the “Special Purpose Detachment for the Protection of Persons of the Imperial Family in Crimea” written after World War II by Colonel Sergey ...Alexandrovich Apukhtin, Assistant Commander of the Detachment, is dedicated to the events of the last period of stay of the Russian Imperial family members in their Crimean possessions in October, 1918 — April, 1919. Until now, there has been practically no mention in the press about the activities of this Detachment, which arose with minimal assistance of the Volunteer Army; and its members rarely spoke about those days, fulfilling a mutual agreement. Little was known about the conditions for the formation, the personnel and strength of the Detachment, the security principles as well as conditions for its deployment, supply, and service specifics including contacts with the outside world: from the Germans, recent enemies, and then assistants, to the civilian population; the relations of the Detachment members with the highest persons protected by them were also not covered. The creation of the “Special Purpose Detachment” was the result of a private initiative of half a dozen officers of the Imperial Russian Army, in their large part aristocrats from hereditary military families, who stayed loyal to the oath. According to many of their contemporaries, both Russians and foreigners, the happy rescue of the Russian Empress, her daughters and other members of the Imperial family from inevitable death in the “happiest country in the world” became the first stage of a tangible failure of Bolsheviks, which began to manifest itself with the successful evacuation of parts of the Russian army of Wrangel and constantly reminded of itself until the inevitable disappearance of the Communist state. As a result of these two evacuations, as well as subsequent, less significant ones, a small but free Russia was formed outside the Soviet territory, stubbornly declaring to the whole world about the unwillingness and impossibility for a huge number of Russian citizens of all classes to recognize the anti-Christian state organism that arose in their Fatherland. In this regard, of great interest is the testimony of the author of memoirs about the exceptionally benevolent attitude of the local indigenous population, and first of all the Crimean Tatars, towards the Imperial family and their guards, and about sharp rejection of Bolsheviks by a significant part of the population of the peninsula, which never became Soviet in the generally accepted meaning of this word. The published document significantly complements the picture of the Crimean life of the Imperial family persons, described in detail by Empress Maria Feodorovna in her most interesting Diary, which has become widely known.
A gigantic shell of a rudist of the genus
Valletia
is described for the first time from the Lower Berriasian of Southwest Crimea. The lithology and geological age of the host rock are discussed.
The book surveys the history of the Crimea from ancient times to the present, reflecting both the latest research and the author’s own recent findings. In the context of recent developments in the ...Crimea and what most legal experts regard as Russia’s illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula, the study examines the historical background for today’s conflict.
Die Ende Februar 2014 beginnende sog. Krim-Krise machte nicht zuletzt der deutschsprachigen Öffentlichkeit deutlich, dass die Halbinsel Krim noch eine terra incognita für sie ist, über deren Vergangenheit selbst historisch Interessierte nur wenig wissen. Tatsächlich ist die 1783 annektierte Krim für die überwiegende Zahl der Russen ein hoch emotionalisierter, unveräußerlicher Teil Russlands. Die international renommierte Expertin Kerstin S. Jobst erzählt die Geschichte der Krim in ihrer Komplexität, in der Russen lange Zeit keine Rolle spielten, dafür aber griechische Kolonisten, eurasische Reitervölker, Krimtataren und andere das Schicksal der Halbinsel gestalteten.
The Crimean Peninsula has a rich and complex environmental history. The Black Sea in particular has had a major impact on nearly all aspects of Crimea's natural and cultural history. Carlos Cordova ...explains the making of Crimea's natural environment, from its geology and relief to its climate and soils. He explores the rich flora and fauna of the peninsula, including the biogeographical isolation of Crimea, the transformation of the landscape brought about by Mediterranean farmers, as well as Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign, which saw virtually all the steppe turned into cropland. The development of the south coast as a tourist destination and the pollution brought about by agricultural and industrial development are also discussed. This pioneering study represents the first modern work in the English language on the environmental history of a little known but environmentally significant region.
The first comparative study of estimative intelligence and strategic surprise in a European context, complementing and testing insights from previous studies centred on the United States.
This book ...provides the first assessment of the performance of three leading European polities in providing estimative intelligence during an era of surprise. It develops a new framework for conducting postmortems guided by a normative model of anticipatory foreign policy. The comparative analysis focuses on how the UK, the EU and Germany handled three cases of major surprises: the Arab uprisings, the rise to power of the Islamic State (ISIS), and the Russian annexation of Crimea. It considers not just government intelligence assessments, but also diplomatic reporting and expert open sources and how these assessments were received by organisational leaders. The book tests and develops new theories about the causes of strategic surprises, going beyond a common focus on intelligence versus policy failures to identify challenges and factors that cut across both communities. With the help of former senior officials, the book identifies lessons yet to be learnt by European polities to better anticipate and prepare for future surprises.
As opposed to the close attention accorded to various aspects of Jewish emigration from the USSR, there has been remarkably little scholarly analysis of Jews who felt comfortable, congenial, and ...secure in Soviet society. In reality, thousands of Jews belonged to the elite of a local, regional, or national level, or even played some roles at all the levels. In Crimea, the collective farm chairman Ilya Yegudin was the most visible representative in a cohort of well-placed and well-connected Jews. Relying on literary and other sources, this article looks into Yegudin's story of social mobility throughout most of the Soviet period, against a backdrop of Jews' agricultural involvement in Crimea.
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