Tri terminacijska natpisa koji dokumentiraju razgraničenje Aserije i Alverije bilježe brojne podatke o bitnim elementima procesa u kojemu je ono postignuto. Ti podaci odnose se na institute i tipične ...pravne izričaje poznate iz rimskoga prava koji su se uobičajeno koristili kod izvansudskog rješavanja spora. Držeći se njihove inskripcije, u ovome članku analiziraju se zabilježeni procesni instituti i pretpostavke rješavanja graničnog spora, poput suda i arbitara, načina postavljanja arbitara, stranaka u sporu, predmeta spora, odlučivanja i, napokon, donošenja pravorijeka. Na temelju postojećih epigrafskih i arheoloških analiza, razgraničenje između Aserije i Alverije sagledava se s pravnoga gledišta, analizom značenja spomenutih pravnih instituta u tome vremenu. To se čini uvažavajući specifičnost provincijske uprave u Dalmaciji i položaja provincijskoga namjesnika koji je i glede Aserije i Alverije, ali i drugih usporedivih peregrinskih zajednica, nastojao da se njihovi međusobni sporovi riješe kako ne bi predstavljali uzroke nemira, a time i zapreke za stabilnu rimsku vladavinu. Inskripcije otkrivaju da se razgraničenje provodilo arbitražno, ali u takvu procesu koji za stranke nije bio dobrovoljan. Stoga se ovdje radi o tipičnu primjeru administrativne/prisilne arbitraže kojoj su se Aserijati i Alveriti morali podvrgnuti.
Three inscriptions found in Dalmatia record a boundary dispute between the tribal communities of Aseria and Alveria. These inscriptions record the relevant facts that were associated with that particular dispute and circumstances in which the dispute resolution was achieved. They refer to the legal institutes and typical legal expression that the Romans often employed in dispute resolution which was achieved outside courts and institutionalized legal proceedings. With regard to the content of the inscription, the author analyses the procedural institutes and preconditions that had to be fulfilled for the successful dispute resolution, for example, court and its constitution, selection of arbitrators, parties to the dispute, disputed subject-matter, taking the procedural actions and the decision by which the dispute was ended. On the grounds of previous epigraphic studies and archaeological contextualisation the boundary dispute between Aseria and Alveria is here appreciated from the legal point of view, with an emphasis to the identification of exact meaning of the legal terms that were employed and with reference to the relevant institutes of Roman law at the time being (early classical Roman law). The analysis is provided with regard to the peculiarity of the provincial administration in Dalmatia, especially to the position and imperium of the provincial governor at that time, as well as with reference to the boundary disputes that the other Dalmatian tribal communities had among themselves. The intention of the Romans becomes apparent to resolve such disputes and thereby to eliminate all the potential dangers and obstacles for the stabile provincial governance. The inscriptions reveal that the boundary dispute was decided in arbitration, though, not in a regular one, but rather in a proceeding which was not voluntary for the parties, because it was unilaterally imposed by the provincial governor himself. For this reason, that particular dispute resolution should be qualified as an administrative arbitration with evident mandatory characteristics.
Duhanska stanica jedan je od najznačajnijih primjera industrijskog naslijeđa na području Metkovića. Inicijalno je izgrađena početkom 20. st., a sustavno se dograđuje nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. ...Nakon gašenja izvorne funkcije koncem 1990-ih godina preventivno je zaštićena te istovremeno, paradoksalno, dijelom devastirana. Početkom 21. st. upravno-administrativna zgrada prenamijenjena je u Prirodoslovni muzej i Gradsku knjižnicu. Velebna struktura anticipirala je urbanizaciju Metkovića tijekom 20. st., a njena recentna prenamjena inicira urbanu regeneraciju 21. stoljeća.
The tobacco facility in Metković is one of the outstanding examples of the industrial heritage in this area. Built in the early 20th century it was systematically enlarged and modernized after World War Two. As it fell into disuse in the late 1990s, preventive measures were taken to protect it. However, it was only partially saved from devastation. In the early 21st century, its administrative office building was converted into the Natural History Museum and the City Library. A splendid edifice thus anticipated the urbanization of Metković in the 20th century while its recent conversion initiated the city’s revitalization for the 21st century.
Suvremeni županijski ustroj Republike Hrvatske kao i strateško autocestovno povezivanje hrvatskih regija, posebice srednjeg i južnog dijela jadranskog priobalja kroz lički prostor, određuju nove ...funkcionalne poveznice središnjeg dijela Jadranske Hrvatske. Nasuprot recidivima nekadašnjih podjela i razgraničenja hrvatskoga prostora od Osmanskog Carstva, Habsburške Monarhije i Mletačke Republike, kraj 20. i početak 21. stoljeća označili su obnovljene procese prometnog, gospodarskog i funkcionalnog povezivanja suvremenoga ličkog i sjevernodalmatinskog prostora, slične nekadašnjim procesima u antici i u razdobljima afirmacije prvotne hrvatske državne jezgre. Izgradnja autoceste unutar Jadransko jonskog koridora, usmjerenost na najbliže priobalno pročelje sa zračnom i pomorskim lukama, povezivanje turističkih kompleksa na potezu Novalja / Karlobag – Nin – Zadar – Biograd – Vodice – Šibenik – Primošten – Rogoznica s plitvičkim turističkim kompleksom, veći broj nacionalnih parkova i parkova prirode, potiču kroz neposredne i lako uočljive društvenogeografske procese novo, pojačano povezivanje. Tome pridonosi i razmjerno jednostavno i spontano prožimanje u sferi trgovine, prometa, bankarstva, uprave, školstva, sudstva, sigurnosti itd., što omogućuje, unatoč pojedinim, politički usmjeravanim ili naslijeđenim rješenjima te lokalnim prijeporima uvjetovanim razlikama i preklapanjima interesnih grupa, svrsishodno i učinkovito suvremeno životno povezivanje u gravitacijski jedinstveni i funkcionalan regionalni kompleks. Značenje postojećih i afirmiranih gravitacijskih središta, među kojima se Zadar kao staro razvojno žarište i čvorište na jadranskom hrvatskom pročelju ističe, od prvorazrednog je značenja, posebice u razdoblju demografske recesije ne samo manjih i ruralnih, nego i većih gradskih središta i ovoga regionalnog kompleksa, ali i čitave Hrvatske. Znanstveno i multidisciplinarno prepoznavanje suvremenih procesa razvitka i prostornih odrednica kod odabira suvremenoga regionalnog ustroja Republike Hrvatske povezano je i sa suvremenim upravnoteritorijalnim, dakle naslijeđenim i tradicionalnim županijskim ustrojem. Jednako je poželjno uskladiti ih i s NUTS regionalizacijom (posebice NUTS-3 razine) Europske unije, što je zahtjevan, ali i neodgodiv zadatak radi ravnomjerne raspodjele egzistencijalnih dobara i uravnoteženog, decentraliziranog i što kvalitetnijeg razvitka ličkog i sjevernodalmatinskog prostora, kao i Hrvatske u cjelini, u budućnosti.
Europski geografski i politički prostor 2015. godine suočio se s kulminacijom jedne od najvećih migrantskih kriza u svojoj povijesti koja je posebno pogodila politički ranjivu Jugoistočnu Europu kao ...tradicionalno područje migrantskih kretanja. Ove tvrdnje dobivaju dodatno na važnosti uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da je Jugoistočna Europa, kao tradicionalno sjecište geopolitičkih silnica, danas dodatno izložena sigurnosnim izazovima, što ujedno pojačava i važnost njezine geostrateške pozicije. Pogođena migrantskom krizom na sjeveru i istoku, a uvažavajući turizam kao jednu od svojih temeljnih gospodarskih djelatnosti, Republika Hrvatska, iako hrvatske turističke destinacije poput Istre i Dalmacije nisu izravno izložene utjecajima migrantske krize, posebnu pozornost mora posvetiti zadržavaju imidža sigurne turističke destinacije. Stoga autori raspravljaju o geostrateškim i sigurnosnim aspektima te vjerojatnostima izloženosti Dalmacije utjecajima recentne migrantske krize. Naime, autori u članku potvrđuju da fizičko-geografska obilježja i političko-teritorijalna fragmentacija neposrednog susjedstva Dalmaciju ne čine atraktivnim odabirom za migrantska kretanja. Autori također zaključuju da potencijalno osnažena utjecajima migrantskih kretanja, politička nestabilnost susjedstva s visokim konfliktnim potencijalom na etno-religijskoj osnovi, može izazvati nove sigurnosne izazove u Jugoistočnoj Europi, a posredno i u Dalmaciji.
The battle that took place in Knin and its surroundings in November and December 1944 was one of the most important events during World War II in Croatia and Yugoslavia as a whole. As such, the ...battle occupied a prominent place in the narrative of the Yugoslav Partisans’ ‘People’s Liberation War’. The descriptions, however, were almost always written from the perspective of the winning side. This approach had both objective (lack of German documents) and subjective reasons (unwillingness to change the official—and much embellished—version, which had already begun to take shape during the war). Thanks to the passage of time, as well as the opening and advanced digitisation of archival holdings throughout the world, we now have a chance to take a look at the battle from the perspective of the losing side. As there are no major discrepancies in the German and Yugoslav descriptions of the course of the battle itself, the article at hand will concentrate on its lesser-known or controversial aspects. The reader will thus find out about the German High Command’s fixation with the events transpiring in the eastern parts of Yugoslavia. This effectively meant that the Wehrmacht’s contingent in Dalmatia was all but abandoned to its fate. The contingent was denied reinforcements and proper supply, and soon succumbed to the semi-regular, numerous, and well-equipped Partisan units operating in the area. The catastrophe brought the entire strategic right flank in the Balkans to the brink of collapse. That the enemy did not advance all the way to Bihać was more due to luck than design: thanks to the strained relations with the Western Allies at that time, the Partisans saw themselves compelled to call off the offensive and concentrate the bulk of their forces closer to the coast. Apart from details on these events, the reader will also find updated information on the German order-of-battle as well as new findings on the scale and type of losses incurred at or around Knin, a topic that is still shrouded in controversy.
U članku se
raspravlja o konstrukcijama čijim je dijelom infinitiv, a koje su u tiskanim
tekstovima Kraljevine Dalmacije bile vrlo učestale. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati
takve konstrukcije te ih ...dovesti u vezu s postupcima izgradnje administrativnog
stila. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je u tiskanim tekstovima 19. stoljeća
infinitiv vrlo zastupljen, da se javlja u čvrstim svezama čije se sastavnice
rijetko mijenjaju, dok nam njihova učestalost
pokazuje da je upravo infinitiv i njegova sposobnost „zgušnjavanja“ teksta
jedan od najstabilnijih signala izgradnje administrativnog stila.
The infinitive appears frequently in various written texts from the 19th
century. Still, its usage is not independent, and its frequency is closely
related to the nature of the text. In this research, we have focused on five
different constructions which contain infinitive. They were chosen for their
frequency, specific connection to the local idiom, or a key role in the
creation of a functional style. The research was carried out on various public
texts from the 19th century that were published in the territory of
the Kingdom of Dalmatia. The analysis of the texts points to a strong
connection between the components of the analysed structures, as they do not
change their structure over time, and to a strong expansion of functional
texts. The infinitive is more likely to appear in texts that belong to the
administrative style more independently and has thus become a powerful symbol
of this functional style. Also, choosing a broader time frame allows us to gain
insight into the development, as well as the disappearance, of some structures.
Based on numerous archival sources, newspapers, and medical records, this paper discusses and analyses cholera epidemics in Dalmatia in the mid-19th century. The level of knowledge about the disease ...and the anti-epidemic measures has been considered, especially their effectiveness and topicality in view of the existing and growing discussions about the aetiology of diseases. In the second part of the paper, the cholera epidemic in Zadar in 1849 has been analysed as a case study. Records of cholera in the registers of deaths in Zadar allow us to estimate the number and age, gender, and social structure of deaths. The epidemic lasted three months and took 62 lives. It affected both men and women, and all age groups, especially the fertile one. Given the aetiology of the disease, the most endangered and most severely affected by the epidemic were the individuals of lower social and financial status, whose living and business conditions favoured a faster, stronger, and more intensive development of the disease.
U
središtu istraživačkog zanimanja ovog rada jest prisutnost i djelovanje
iseljenika iz Trogira u Mlecima, posebice s obzirom na njihovu uključenost u
tamošnju hrvatsku nacionalnu bratovštinu sv. ...Jurja i Tripuna. Rad je zasnovan
na istraživanju gradiva pohranjenog u Archivio di Stato di Venezia (fond:
Notarile testamenti) i Archivio della Scuola Dalmata dei Santi Giorgio e
Trifone (fondovi: Capitolar della Veneranda Scuola dei SS. Giorgio e Trifone
della Nation Dalmata i Libri conti e spese). U radu se, uz osnovne podatke o
prisutnosti Trogirana u Mlecima u širokom vremenskom rasponu od 15. do 18.
stoljeća, raščlanjuju oporuke trogirskih iseljenika te konkretan udio te
regionalne skupine hrvatskih iseljenika u nacionalnoj bratovštini. U tome
dijelu rada osobita je pozornost posvećena kako onim Trogiranima koji su zabilježeni
isključivo kao obični članovi bratovštine, ali i onima koji su – zahvaljujući
svojem ugledu i priznatosti u hrvatskoj zajednici – obnašali dužnosti u
pojedinim upravnim tijelima udruge. Naposljetku se zaključuje da su Trogirani,
iako nisu u bratovštini sv. Jurja i Tripuna bili prisutni i djelatni kao
Zadrani, Šibenčani, Splićani i Bokelji, činili jednu od nezaobilaznih sastavnica
u sklopu proučavanja iseljavanja Hrvata u Mletke.
This study is the result of several
decades of research of the Croatian community in Venice, especially in the time
when the eastern Adriatic coast was part of Serenissima (15th – 18th century). Author’s
focus is put on activities and life of emigrants from Trogir in Venice, in
particular apropos their relations with the Croatian confraternity of St George
and Tryphon (Scuola di Schiavoni, Scuola dei Santi Giorgo e Trifone, Scuola
Dalmata). The research is based on the analysis of the preserved documents
presently kept in the Venetian archives (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) within
archival fond Notarile testamenti and in the Archives of the Confraternity of
St George and Tryphon (Archivio della Scuola Dalmata dei Santi Giogio e
Trifone) within archival fonds Capitolar della Veneranda Scuola dei SS. Giorgio
e Trifone della Nation Delmata and Libri conti e spese. Besides general information
about activities of people from Trogir in Venice, the author analyzes the last wills of
emigrants from Trogir (bequests to the Confraternity, choice of the place of
burial, bequests for pilgrimages to the ecclesiastical see of the Confraternity, etc) in a long-time span from the fifteenth until the eighteenth century, as well
as the percentage of this regional group within the total number of members of
the Confraternity. Special attention and emphasis are put on people who
performed various governing duties within the Confraternity. Finally, the author concludes
that emigrants from Trogir were an unavoidable part of the Croatian community in
Venice, though were not numerous as immigrants from Zadar, Šibenik, Split, and
Boka.
U posljednjih nekoliko godina broj požara na području Splitsko-dalmatinske županije naglo raste, posebno u ljetnom razdoblju. Požar može nastati prirodnim putem (udar groma, vulkanske erupcije) ili ...pak namjernim ili nenamjernim ljudskim djelovanjem. Osim ekonomskih gubitaka, požar može uzrokovati stradavanja ljudi, uginuća životinja i biljaka, uništavanje stambenih i gospodarskih objekata te onečišćenje okoliša koji nas okružuje. Upravo zbog toga vrlo je važno razviti efikasan sustav upravljanja i reagiranja u takvim izvanrednim situacijama. Program Copernicus, razvijen u Europskoj uniji, umnogome nam u tome pomaže. U ovom radu obrađene su snimke satelitske misije Sentinel-2. Odabrano je područje okolice Splita, pogođeno katastrofalnim požarom u srpnju 2017. godine. Kao indikator za procjenu stanja i veličine područja pogođenog požarom korišten je normalizirani indeks opožarene vegetacije. Također su izrađeni kartografski prikazi područja zahvaćenog požarom te je analizirano stanje vegetacije prije i nakon požara.
In this article, the author examines the appearance of plague epidemics in the Dalmatian commune of Šibenik in the late medieval period, from the Black Death in 1348 until the end of the fifteenth ...century. The analysis is based on the research of data from Šibenik’s statutory law – statutory decrees and later added novels (reformationes) – of the diplomatic relations and commissions between the Venetian central authorities and the commune of Šibenik, and of various communal published and unpublished sources. Yet, the most valuable data are the communal notary records, primarily last wills and inventories of goods, which enable the punctual examination of places where the plague epidemics raged in certain periods (villages, city, islands in the district). Last wills and inventories of goods are extremely valuable in establishing the beginning and ending of plague epidemics because they contain data on the dates of recording the wills, the death of testators, and the composing of inventories. These sources also allow us to examine the duration of plague epidemics. Thus, we know that some plague epidemics in the commune of Šibenik lasted for several months while others raged for one or even two years. The research has shown that the outbreaks of plague epidemics occurred much more frequently than has been hitherto assumed, either in the city of Šibenik or in the villages of its densely populated district. In any case, the research has shown that plague epidemic in the fifteenth-century commune of Šibenik appeared much more frequent than it has been considered until now. The author also discusses the health protection measures undertaken by the central Venetian and communal Šibenik authorities to prevent the spreading of plague epidemics, particularly within the city walls. The sources, especially last wills and inventories of goods, but also some other types of notary deeds, statutory law and its novels, as well as the ducales issued by the central Venetian government and decrees issued by the communal authorities, clearly show that the commune of Šibenik implemented the same healthy, medical, and hygiene measures available at the time as other European urban-rural societies. Deceased persons, as well as members of their nuclear families, were immediately put into isolation outside the city walls and situated in empty houses in the surrounding villages. The communal authorities, patricians, rich merchants, and members of clergy likewise found refugee in villages within the communal district or in their houses and palaces on communal islands.
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