Pyrethrin is a potent biopesticide, a natural mixture of six compounds (pyrethrin I and II, cinerin I and II, and jasmolin I and II), biosynthesized in plants of Dalmatian pyrethrum (
Tanacetum ...cinerariifolium
(Trevir.) Sch. Bip.), a species endemic to the eastern Adriatic coast, but grown worldwide. Not many known natural insecticides encompass such superior qualities as pyrethrin—very high efficacy against a broad spectrum of pests in combination with minor adverse effects on human health and the environment. In previous decades, pyrethrin was largely replaced by its synthetic derivatives, pyrethroids. However, due to their harmful effects on various species and ecosystems, the use of pyrethrin should again take the lead. This review summarizes one century (1920–2020) of research on the properties and use of pyrethrum as a source of pyrethrins. The primary focus is on presenting its current advantages and disadvantages, toxicity on target and non-target species, biosynthesis, factors that influence the pyrethrins content in pyrethrum, comparison of different methods of their extraction and determination; as well as its production potential and development of new products. The final goal is to present possible approaches to improve and enhance the use of this highly effective but still underused phytochemical insecticide with unique properties.
Dalmatian pyrethrum (
(Trevir.) Sch. Bip.), a plant species endemic to the east Adriatic coast, is used worldwide for production of the organic insecticide, pyrethrin. Most studies concerning ...Dalmatian pyrethrum have focused on its morphological and biochemical traits relevant for breeding. However, little is known about the chromosomal evolution and genome organization of this species. Our study aims are to identify, classify, and characterize repetitive DNA in the
genome using clustering analysis of a low coverage genomic dataset. Repetitive DNA represents about 71.63% of the genome.
exhibits linked 5S and 35S rDNA configuration (L-type). FISH reveals amplification of interstitial telomeric repeats (ITRs) in
. Of the three newly identified satellite DNA families, TcSAT1 and TcSAT2 are located subterminally on most of
chromosomes, while TcSAT3 family is located intercalary within the longer arm of two chromosome pairs. FISH reveals high levels of polymorphism of the TcSAT1 and TcSAT2 sites by comparative screening of 28 individuals. TcSAT2 is more variable than TcSAT1 regarding the number and position of FISH signals. Altogether, our data highlights the dynamic nature of DNA sequences associated with subtelomeres in
and suggests that subtelomeres represent one of the most dynamic and rapidly evolving regions in eukaryotic genomes.
Sekundarni metaboliti biljaka imaju važnu ulogu u reakciji biljaka na abiotički i biotički stres. Neke od bioaktivnih komponenti imaju izražena insekticidna svojstva, pa onda govorimo o insekticidnim ...biljkama poput dalmatinskog (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) i kavkaškog buhača (Tanacetum coccineum (Willd.) Grierson) (aktivne komponente - piretrini), duhana (nikotin), neema (azadirahtin) i dr. Botanički insekticidi su uglavnom kraće perzistentnosti, pa su na osnovi njihove kemijske strukture razvijeni stabilniji sintetski insekticidi – piretroidi i neonikotinoidi, S ograničavanjem primjene kemijskih insekticida, botanički insekticidi dobivaju sve značajniju ulogu i u konvencionalnoj zaštiti bilja, ne samo ekološkoj. Posebno su značajni prirodni piretrini. Zbog brze razgradnje imaju kratku karencu što je često nedostatak, ali je i prikladno za zaštitu bilja prije same berbe, što je posebno prikladno kod suzbijanja octene mušice ploda.
Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch.Bip.) is a plant species endemic to the east Adriatic coast. The bioactive substance of Dalmatian pyrethrum is a natural insecticide, ...pyrethrin, a mixture of six active components (pyrethrins I and II, cinerins I and II, and jasmolins I and II). The insecticidal potential of pyrethrin was recognized decades ago, and dried and ground flowers have traditionally been used in Croatian agriculture and households.
A total of 25 Dalmatian pyrethrum populations from Croatia were studied to determine the pyrethrin content and composition, and to identify distinct chemotypes. The total pyrethrin content ranged from 0.36 to 1.30% (dry flower weight; DW) and the pyrethrin I/pyrethrin II ratio ranged from 0.64 to 3.33%. The statistical analyses revealed that the correlations between the percentage of pyrethrin I and of all the other components were significant and negative. The total pyrethrin content was positively correlated with the percentage of pyrethrin I and negatively correlated with cinerin II. The multivariate analysis of the chemical variability enabled the identification of five chemotypes among 25 Dalmatian pyrethrum populations. The chemical characterization of indigenous Dalmatian pyrethrum populations may serve as a good background for future breeding and agricultural exploitation.
Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) synthesizes secondary metabolite pyrethrin, known for its potent insecticidal and repellent activity. The present study was aimed ...at optimizing the maceration extraction parameters that improve the efficiency of pyrethrin extraction from the dried Dalmatian pyrethrum flower heads. Extraction efficiencies under several conditions were investigated: different solvent types, extraction time, the rotational speed of the stirrer, and the solvent volume. The highest recovery values were obtained with 5 mL of acetone, at the rotational speed of 400 rpm, and the extraction time of three hours. In addition, the extraction efficiency of maceration was compared to that of ultrasound-assisted and matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, both previously optimized for pyrethrin extraction. The extractions were carried out on samples of three natural Dalmatian pyrethrum populations (Krk, Mt. Kozjak, and Senj). Both the total pyrethrin content and the HPLC profile varied between different extraction techniques. Across applied methods, the highest efficiency was observed with matrix solid phase dispersion extraction. Evaluation of the differences between data obtained using different extraction techniques was performed by the Bland-Altman analysis, revealing good agreement between the three methods.
Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.) produces pyrethrin which is currently the most important natural insecticide. Due to the growing interest for its use in organic ...agriculture, the demand for this valuable plant is increasing. However, poor seed germination and inaccessibility of high quality planting material is one of the main constrains for the introduction of Dalmatian pyrethrum into agricultural production. Priming treatments are known to be able to induce rapid and more uniform seed germination, seedling emergence and plant growth and their efficiency was tested on Dalmatian pyrethrum seed. Seed of four natural Dalmatian pyrethrum populations was subjected to hydropriming or osmopriming with 0.2% KNO3 with the aim of determining their effect on germination parameters (germinability, mean germination time, mean germination rate, coefficient of variation of the germination time, uncertainty of the germination process and synchrony of the germination process). The significantly highest(P< 0.05) germinability was recorded for the Biokovo population (27.00%), followed by the population from Šolta (19.67%), Konavle (17.67%) and population from Šibenik (6.67%). Hydropriming for 24h significantly increased the seed germination and germination index (P< 0.05). The treatment with 0.2% KNO3 improved germinability and germination index when compared to control, however, the differences were not significant (P>0.05). As a low-cost, simple and practical, hydropriming can be recommended as an effective method to promote germination performance of Dalmatian pyrethrum seed.
Zbog povećanog razvitka rezistentnosti štetnika na sintetičke pesticide i strože zakonodavstvo u pogledu očuvanja okoliša zanimanje za prirodne insekticide posljednjih godina u svijetu sve više raste ...Piretrini, ekonomski najvažniji prirodni insekticidi dobivaju se iz cvjetnih glavica dalmatinskog buhača (Tanacetum cinerariifolium /Trevir./ Sch. Bip.). Dalmatinski je buhač višegodišnja zeljanica koja u R. Hrvatskoj raste samoniklo. Prašak pripremljen od suhih cvjetnih glavnica dalmatinskog buhača se stoljećima koristio u tradicijskim poljoprivrednim sustavima u R. Hrvatskoj. No, danas se dalmatinski buhač uglavnom uzgaja na višim nadmorskim visinama u tropskim zemljama kao što su Kenija, Tanzanija i Ruanda. Sustavna znanstvena istraživanja dalmatinskog buhača su nedavno započeta u okviru projekta „Hrvatska banka biljnih gena HBBG“. Svrha je istraživanja prikupiti lokalne populacije i introducirati novokreirane kultivare dalmatinskog buhača, opisati ih i procijeniti njihova agronomska svojstva, te ih dokumentirati. U radu je dan pregled povijesti uzgoja, sistematike, botanike, agrotehnike i prerade dalmatinskog buhača.
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